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"Ketidakpastian dan dinamika lingkungan berupa peluang, prospek, dan hambatan yang dialami perusahaan agribisnis sangat terkait dengan keberadaannya yang sangat tergantung dan tidak lepas pada lingkungan usahanya.Terdapat beberapa perpektif untuk menjelaskan hubungan antara perusahaan dengan dinamika lingkungannya, salah satunya adalah dynamic capabilities.Perspektif dynamic capabilities merupakan suatu perspektif dalam manajemen stratejik, yang menekankan pada kemampuan dan rutinitas organisasional perusahaan untuk memetakan kembali, meningkatkan, menyatukan, menggabungkan dan menghasilkan sumberdaya perusahaan dalam menghadapi ketidakpastian dan dinamika lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji, membandingkan, menganalisis dan membangun model tentang kemampuan elemen-elemen sensing, learning, integrating dan coordinating sebagai faktor leverage terhadap dynamic capabilities perusahaan dalam menghadapi dan beradaptasi terhadap ketidakpastian dan dinamika lingkunganpada PT. Sampoerna Agro, Tbk dan PT. Bakrie Sumatera Plantation, Tbk. Dalam menjawab tujuan penelitian ini digunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, baik ananlisis statistik maupun analisis quantitative system dynamics. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa elemen-elemen sensing, learning, integrating dan coordinating pada PT. Sampoerna Agro, Tbk merupakan elemen-elemen yang kuat sebagai leverage pembentuk dynamic capabilities perusahaan. PT. Bakrie Sumatera Plantation, Tbk memiliki elemen sensing yang kuat, tetapi memiliki elemenelemen learning, integrating dan coordinating yang kurang kuat. Hasil simulasi dengan system dynamics menunjukkan bahwa elemen-elemen sensing, learning, integrating dan coordinating sebagai leverage terhadap dynamic capabilities kedua perusahaan secara sistemik memiliki kemampuan dan peran dalam menurunkan dan menghadapi ketidakpastian dan dinamika lingkungan, di mana PT. Sampoerna Agro, Tbk lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan PT. Bakrie Sumatera Plantation, Tbk. Peran elemen coordinating sangat kuat diikuti oleh learning, integrating dan sensing. Keempat elemen dynamic capabilities memiliki sensitivitas yang tinggi terhadap ketidakpastian dan dinamika lingkungan. Penurunan dan peningkatan ketidakpastian dan dinamika lingkungan akan diikuti dengan penurunan dan peningkatan semua elemen-elemen dynamic capabilities. Diabaikannya balancing cycle dalam pendekatan dynamic capabilities dari Pavlou dan Sawy yang cenderung berpola reinforcing cycle, menjadi satu kekurangan dalam model dynamic capabilities yang dihasilkan. Dan untuk keluar dari reinforcing cycle dari keempat elemen dynamic capabilities tersebut dan dengan melalui postulat paradoks untuk mendapat decreasing returns, maka diharapkan kedepan bisa dibangun satu skenario yang baru untuk melihat bagaimana kinerja dynamic capabilities yang tidak mengabaikan salah satu cycle baik reinforcing cycle maupun balancing cycle.

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The uncertainty and environmental dynamics such as opportunities, prospects and challenges are highly correlated with the firm?s presence in the business environment. There are some different perspectives trying to explain the relationship between firm and business environment, one of them is the role of dynamic capabilities. The perspective of dynamic capabilities is a perspective in the field of strategic management which emphasizes the organizational skills and organizational routines in reconfiguring, enhancing, integrating, combining and generating the capabilities and resources of a firm in facing and adapting to the uncertainty and environmental dynamics.

This study aims to examine, compare, analyze and build a model about the ability of the elements of sensing, learning, integrating and coordinating as leverage factors of dynamic capabilities of the firm in facing and adapting to the uncertainty and environmental dynamics at PT. Sampoerna Agro, Tbk and PT. Bakrie Sumatera Plantation, Tbk. To reach these purposes, quantitative study method is undertaken by using both statistics analysis and quantitative system dynamics.

The results show that those elements of sensing, learning, integrating and coordinating of PT. Sampoerna Agro Tbk are strong elements as leverage factors to the firm?s dynamic capabilities. PT. Bakrie Sumatera Plantation, Tbk has a strong element of sensing, but has less elements of learning, integrating and coordinating as leverage factors to the firm's dynamic capabilities in facing and adapting to the uncertainty and environmental dynamics.

By using system dynamics, the simulation result shows that those elements of sensing, learning, integrating and coordinating as leverage factors to dynamic capabilities of these firms systemically have an ability and substantial role in facing and reducing uncertainty and environmental dynamics where PT. Sampoerna Agro Tbk is more effective than PT. Bakrie Sumatra Plantation Tbk. The element of coordinating has a reinforcing and balancing role, whereas the elements of sensing, learning and integrating have a balancing and reinforcing role in facing and adapating to the uncertainty and environmental dynamics. The element of coordinating has a strongest role followed by learning, integrating and sensing. Those four elements of dynamic capabilities have a high sensitivity to the uncertainty and environmental dynamics. The decreasing and increasing of uncertainty and environmental dynamics will be followed by the decreasing and increasing in all elements of dynamic capabilities.

Ignoring balancing cycle in dynamic capabilities approach by Pavlou and Sawy which is mostly patterned by reinforcing cycle, becoming one of the weakness in the result of dynamic capabilities model. Therefore, to get out from reinforcing cycle of these four dynamic capabilities elements and by using paradoxical postulate to generate decreasing returns, hence in the future a new scenario hopefully can be built to foresee how dynamic capabilities perform without ignoring one of the cycle either reinforcing cycle or balancing cycle."

"Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis pengaruh risiko serta regulasi arsitektur keuangan terhadap ekosistem fintech pada indutsri fintech P2P lending Indonesia serta menganalisis risiko-risiko mendasar industri fintech P2P lending Indonesia. Penelitian ini untuk menguji dan mengkonfirmasi model, berdasarkan teori ekosistem fintech. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma positivis, dan metode kuantitatif. Stabilitas ekosistem fintech P2P lending sangat penting dalam menjaga keberlangsungan bisnis Industri fintech P2P lending Indonesia, sementara itu risiko dan regulasi arsitektur keuangan sebagai variabel eksternal yang dapat mempengaruhi stabilitas ekosistem fintech P2P lending, hal ini tercermin dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (i) Risiko serta regulasi arsitektur keuangan secara bersama-sama dan simultan memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap ekosistem fintech; (ii) Risiko-risiko mendasar pada industri fintech P2P lending, antara lain risiko kredit, risiko operasional, risiko likuiditas, risiko reputasi serta ada 1 tambahan risiko yaitu risiko pandemik-COVID-19. Risiko memungkinkan dapat dimitigasi melalui penerbitan regulasi, karena kedua variabel ini memiliki korelasi yang sangat kuat, selain itu juga dengan memperkuat ekosistem fintech terutama elemen kunci yaitu fintech start-ups, dengan fokus mengelola, mengendalikan dan memitigasi risiko melekat yang ada. Risiko pandemik-COVID-19, memiliki korelasi terhadap elemen start-up fintech, sehingga adanya pandemik COVID-19, mendorong penggunaan platform digital-mobile application, di mana transaksi dapat dilakukan tanpa harus bertemu dan tetap menjaga social distancing. Dimensi regulasi harus mencakup regulatory, fungsi regulasi dengan menerbitkan aturan-aturan, dan supervisory, fungsi pengawasan terhadap seluruh pelaku fintech P2P lending dan pelaku pendukungnya serta regulasi big data analytics, automation dan robotics. Elemen-elemen baru ekosistem fintech P2P lending Indonesia perlu didukung dan dikembangkan, seperti institusi asuransi kredit dan lembaga perlindungan konsumen fintech.

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The purpose of this research was for analyzing the affect risk and financial architecture regulation to fintech ecosystem on P2P lending industry in Indonesia and analyze the fundamental risks of fintech P2P lending Industry in Indonesia. This research was to test and confirm the theory of fintech ecosystem. This research uses positivist paradigm and the quantitative method approach. The stability of fintech P2P lending ecosystem is the most important to keep the business sustainability of fintech P2P lending in Indonesia, in while risk and financial architecture regulation are external variables that can affect the stability of fintech P2P lending ecosystem, which was reflected in the result of of research showed that: (i) from fintech ecosystem perspective view, risk had significant correlations to financial architecture regulation; (ii) in fintech P2P lending industry, risk had effect significantly on fintech ecosystem; (iii) for regulation level in fintech P2P lending industry, financial architecture regulation has no significantly effect on fintech ecosystem; (iv) risk and financial architecture regulation had significant effect simultaneously on fintech ecosystem; (v) The fundamental risks of fintech P2P lending industry are credit risk, operational risk, liquidity risk, reputation risk and 1 addtitional risk, namely pandemic risk-COVID 19. The Risks are probable can be mitigated by making rules in financial architecture regulation and empowered fintech ecosystem, especially main element of fintech ecosystem is fintech start-ups for managing and mitigating inherent risks. Pandemic risk COVID-19 has strong correlations to fintech start-up, the existence of pandemic COVID-19 event can encourage for using digital platform-mobile application, where the transactions can be settled without meeting and still-keep up social distancing. Financial architecture regulation has cover at least the regulatory, issue the rules related with this industry and supervisory, supervise all the actors of this industry and supports as well as regulation of big data analytics, automation and robotics. The new elements of ecosystem of fintech P2P lending in Indonesia needed for supporting this industry, namely: the existance of credit insurance institution element and fintech consumers protection agency."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan membangun intervensi untuk implementasi audit kinerja sektor publik oleh institusi pemeriksa eksternal di Indonesia yakni BPK dengan menggunakan kerangka democratic enough governance. Kerangka tersebut menyelaraskan antara dimensi isi, konteks, dan kualitas dari kerangka democratic governance Cheema, 2005 dengan intervensi berpendekatan good enough governance Grindle, 2011 . Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma post-positivistis yang pengumpulan datanya berdasarkan pada wawancara dan dukungan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tata kelola audit kinerja sektor publik masih menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan antara harapan pemangku kepentingan dengan realitas implementasinya. Kesenjangan tersebut terjadi baik di tahapan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, maupun pelaporan dan tindak lanjut audit. Intervensi untuk meningkatkan tata kelola dibangun pada institusi dan proses secara berurutan dan bertahap mulai dari membangun proses audit kinerja yang efektif dan partisipatif dan membangun institusi BPK yang responsive dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini menyarankan pengembangan kerangka democratic enough governance di negara demokratis berkembang lainnya.

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The objectives of the research are to analyze and develop interventions for the implementation of public sector performance audit by an external audit institution in Indonesia, namely BPK by using the framework of democratic enough governance. The framework aligns the content, context, and quality dimensions of the democratic governance framework Cheema, 2005 with the governance intervention that is good enough Grindle, 2011 . The research uses a post positivistic paradigm and data collection is based on in depth interviews and secondary data support. The results show that public sector performance audit governance still indicates a gap between stakeholder expectations and the reality of its implementation. The gap occurs either in planning, implementation, and reporting and follow up. Interventions to improve governance are developing on institutions and processes sequentially and incrementally which start from developing an effective and participatory performance audit process and developing a responsive and sustainable BPK institution. This research suggests developing the framework of democratic enough governance in other developing democratic countries."