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Abstrak :
Latar Belakang. Masalah kesehatan yang kerap muncul pada olahraga berlari banyak disebabkan oleh dehidrasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui laju keringat pelari rekreasional terlatih agar masalah kesehatatan terkait dehidrasi dapat dicegah. Metode. Penelitian eksperimental ini melibatkan 23 pelari rekreasional terlatih yang diminta untuk berlari selama satu jam pada pagi hari di ruang terbuka kota Jakarta. Berat badan subjek ditimbang sebelum dan setelah berlari. Selisih berat badan kemudian dikalkulasikan dengan volume asupan cairan selama latihan untuk memperoleh laju keringat. Hasil. Berdasarkan persentase kehilangan berat badan, 18 dari 23 subjek mengalami dehidrasi setelah berlari selama satu jam, dengan rata-rata mencapai 1.4 (1.4 ± 0,4) %. Selama latihan, rata-rata subjek minum sebanyak 311 mL. Rata-rata laju keringat yang dikeluarkan subjek mencapai 1.2 (1.2 ± 0,3) L/jam. Laju keringat memiliki korelasi positif dengan luas permukaan tubuh (r = 0,71, p < 0,01) dan juga indeks massa tubuh (r= 0,77, p < 0,01) subjek. Tidak ditemukan adanya korelasi signifikan antara laju keringat dengan intensitas dan riwayat latihan subjek. (p > 0,05) Kesimpulan. Tingginya laju keringat subjek masih belum diimbangi oleh asupan minum subjek, sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya dehidrasi. Untuk itu diperlukan edukasi mengenai strategi rehidrasi yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan individual untuk mencegah terjadinya masalah kesehatan akibat dehidrasi ......Background. Health problems that often appear in running are mostly caused by dehydration. This research aims to know the sweat rate of trained recreational runners so that health problems related to dehydration can be prevented. Method. This experimental study involved 23 trained recreational runners who were asked to run for one hour on the morning day in the open space of the city of Jakarta. Subject was weighed (with precision up to 0,1 kg) before and after running. Body weight that were loss during running is then calculated with the volume of fluid intake to get the sweat rate. Results. Based on the percentage of body weight loss, 18 out of 23 subjects were dehydrated after running for one hour, with the average reaches 1.4 (1.4 ± 0,4)%. During practice, the average subject drinks as much as 311 mL. The average sweat rate of the subject was 1.2 (1.2 ± 0,3) L / hour. Sweat rate has a positive correlation with body surface area (r = 0,71, p <0,01) and also body mass index (r = 0,77, p <0,01). There was no significant correlation found between the sweat rate and the exercise intensity nor training history of the subject. (p> 0,05) Conclusion. The high sweat rate of the subject was still not matched by their fluid intake, causing dehydration. Therefore education is needed regarding the rehydration strategy that suits the individual needs to prevent health problems related to dehydration.

Abstrak :
Defisiensi besi selama kehamilan adalah salah satu defisiensi gizi yang prevalensinya tetap tinggi di dunia yaitu mencapai 70%. Berat badan kurang merupakan salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya defisiensi besi selama kehamilan. Feritin adalah protein cadangan zat besi yang disintesis oleh hati dan dapat meningkat selama peradangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara kadar feritin serum dengan indeks massa tubuh pada perempuan hamil trimester 1. Disain penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi potong lintang. Penelitian dilakukan di Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat Kramat Jati, Jakarta selama bulan Oktober 2013. Pengambilan subyek dilakukan dengan cara consecutive sampling. Empat puluh tujuh perempuan hamil trimester 1 didapatkan memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Didapatkan rerata usia 27,79±4,85 tahun, diantara subyek penelitian 5 orang (10,6%) memiliki berat badan kurang, 25 orang (53,2%) berat badan normal dan 17 berat badan lebih (36,2%). Nilai tengah asupan zat besi 23,21 (8,4 ̶ 36,80) mg/hari. Asupan zat besi menunjukkan 66% subyek memiliki asupan zat besi kurang dari Angka Kecukupan Gizi (AKG) Indonesia. Nilai tengah kadar feritin serum 58,1 (4,9 ̶ 139,8) μg/L dan 6,4% subyek tergolong status feritin rendah. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh korelasi positif tidak bermakna antara kadar feritin serum dengan indeks massa tubuh pada perempuan hamil trimester 1 (r=0,097, p=0,52).

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Iron deficiency during pregnancy is one of nutritional deficiency with high prevalence in the world, reaching up to 70%. Underweight is one of the main risk factors for iron deficiency during pregnancy. Ferritin is an iron storage protein which synthesized in the liver and can be increased during inflammation. The aim of this study was to find out the correlation between serum ferritin levels and body mass index (BMI) in pregnant woman in their first trimester. The design of the study is cross-sectional. Data collection was conducted at Kramat Jati Primary Health Care, Jakarta during October 2013. Subjects were obtained by consecutive sampling method. A total of 47 pregnant women in their first trimester subjects had met the sudy criteria. The mean of maternal age was 27,79±4,85 years, among them are 5 underweight (10,6%), 25 normal weight (53,2%) and 17 overweight (36,2%). Median of iron intake was 23,21 (8,4 ̶ 36,80) mg/day. Intake of iron showed 66% of the subjects had intake of iron less than Indonesian recomended dietary allowance (RDA). Median of serum ferritin levels was 58,1 (4,9 ̶ 139,8) μg/L, while 6,4% of the subjects were catagorized as low ferritin status. No significant correlation was found between serum ferritin levels and BMI in pregnant women in their first trimester (r=0,097, p=0,52).

Abstrak :
Kadar trigliserida (TG) darah postprandial yang tinggi merupakan satu faktor risiko terjadinya penyakit kardiovaskular. Minuman teh hijau dapat membantu menurunkan peningkatan kadar TG darah postprandial melalui penghambatan absorpsi lemak di lumen usus. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perbedaan perubahan kadar TG darah postprandial antara kelompok perlakuan (KP) yang mendapat makanan tinggi lemak dan 200 mL minuman teh hijau (7328,29 mg katekin) dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (KK) yang mendapatkan makanan tinggi lemak dan air putih (0 mg katekin), merupakan uji klinis dengan desain paralel, alokasi acak, tersamar tunggal, dilakukan terhadap 40 orang mahasiswi sehat. Data yang diperoleh meliputi karakteristik subjek serta kadar trigliserida darah puasa, dua, dan empat jam postprandial. Analisis data menggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan. Rerata usia subjek penelitian adalah 20 tahun dengan rerata IMT subjek termasuk kategori normal untuk Asia Pasifik. Kadar TG darah empat jam postprandial pada KP didapatkan lebih rendah (88,26 ± 23,47 mg/dL) secara signifikan (p = 0,03) dibandingkan KK (107,84 ± 30,49 mg/dL). Perubahan kadar TG darah empat jam postprandial kedua kelompok juga terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p = 0,02), pada KP 18,26 ±12,75 mg/dL sedangkan KK 33,05 ± 22,86 mg/dL. Dari penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan kadar TG darah empat jam postprandial didapatkan lebih rendah pada subjek yang mengonsumsi minuman teh hijau dibandingkan air putih. ......The elevated level of postprandial blood triglycerides (TG) may be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Green tea catechins is believed to lower the postprandial blood TG level by inhibiting intestinal absorption of dietary fat. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of two and four hours postprandial blood TG levels after given high fat meal with green tea beverage (738,29 mg catechins) compared with water (0 mg catechins) in healthy college student girls. This is a clinical trial with a parallel design, randomized allocation, single blind study conducted on 40 healthy college student girls. Data obtained include subject characteristics, blood TG levels, that were assessed before treatment, two and four hours after. The statistical analyses used independent t-test. The mean age of study subject is 20 years with a mean BMI of subjects fall in to normal category for the Asia Pacific region. Consentrations of four hours postprandial blood TG in green tea group (treatment) is 88,26 ± 23,47 mg/dL and in water group (control) is 107,84 ±30,49 mg/dL. There is significantly different in both groups (p = 0,03). Changes of four hours postprandial blood TG in both groups is also significantly different (p = 0,02) which is in treatment group is 18,26 ±12,75 mg/dL and 33,05 ± 22,86 mg/dL in control group. This study suggests that the increase in blood TG levels obtained four hours postprandial were lower in subjects who consumed tea beverage than plain water.

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ABSTRAK
Prevalensi obesitas di Indonesia makin meningkat . Obesitas yang terjadi akibat energi yang masuk lebih besar daripada yang dikeluarkan akan menyebabkan peningkatan massa lemak total tubuh, termasuk massa lemak viseral. Massa lemak dapat melatarbelakangi penyakit degeneratif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui korelasi rasio asupan energi (AE) terhadap kebutuhan energi total (KET) individu dengan massa lemak viseral dan kadar HbA1c plasma pada subjek obesitas di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang, yang dilakukan di kantor Balaikota DKI Jakarta pada bulan September sampai dengan Oktober 2014. Subjek penelitian didapatkan melalui Simple Random Sampling, sebanyak 52 orang yang sesuai kriteria penelitian ditetapkan sebagai subjek penelitian. Didapatkan hasil sebagian besar subjek termasuk usia 46–55 tahun (55,8%), sebagian besar subjek penelitian adalah perempuan (65,4%), dengan IMT sama besar antara obes 1 dan 2. Lebih dari separuh subjek penelitian mempunyai rasio AE terhadap KET yang kurang karena under report pada pelaporan asupan per hari. Hampir seluruh subjek laki-laki mempunyai massa lemak viseral berlebih (94,4%), sementara pada subjek perempuan sebagian besar mempunyai massa lemak viseral normal. Seluruh subjek mempunyai massa lemak total berlebih. Kadar HbA1c plasma pada 75% subjek termasuk kategori berisiko DM. Tidak terdapat korelasi yang bermakna antara rasio AE terhadap KET dengan massa lemak viseral (r = 0,1; p=0,7). Korelasi antara rasio AE terhadap KET dengan kadar HbA1c didapatkan hasil bermakna dengan kekuatan sedang untuk usia 46–55 tahun (r=0,42;p=0,02). Tidak terdapat korelasi yang bermakna antara massa lemak viseral dengan kadar HbA1c plasma.

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ABSTRAK
The prevalence of obesity in Indonesia is increasing. Obesity, as the consequence of greater energy ingested than energy expended, cause an increase in total body fat mass including visceral fat mass that underlie degenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to find correlation between ratio of energy intake (EI) to individual total energy requirement (TER) with visceral fat mass and HbA1c levels in obese subject. The method used in this study was cross sectional, held in the institution of Balaikota DKI Jakarta during September to October 2014. The subject was obtained by simple random sampling and 52 subjects who meet study criteria were enrolled in this study. The results showed most of subjects age between 46–55 years (55,8%), majority of subjects were female (65,4%), with the same number of subjects categorized as obese 1 and obese 2. More than half of this subjects have ratio of EI to TER less than normal. Majority of the male subject have visceral fat mass greater than normal criteria (94,4%), while most of female subjects have normal criteria of visceral fat mass. All of the subjects have greater level of total body fat mass. Level of HbA1c in most of the subject are normal categories (75%). Ratio EI to TER did not correlate significantly with visceral fat mass (r=0,1; p=0,7). There were significant positive correlation between ratio EI to TER with HbA1c level in age of 46–55 year (r=0,42;p=0,02). Visceral fat mass did not correlate significantly with HbA1c plasma levels.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Pasien skizofrenia cenderung berisiko mengalami gangguan metabolik karena risikonya yang cukup tinggi untuk mengalami obesitas. Obesitas meningkatkan risiko morbiditas dislipidemia dan risiko mortalitas kardiovaskuler. Risiko obesitas pada pasien ini diyakini disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor yang berhubungan dengan penyakit skizofrenia itu sendiri, efek samping antipsikotik, diet dan pola gaya hidup yang tidak sehat, seperti tingkat aktivitas yang rendah, kebiasaan merokok, dan mengonsumsi alkohol. Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan di Poliklinik Jiwa Dewasa RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo pada bulan Mei−Juni 2014 untuk menilai tentang profil lipid pada pasien skizofrenia serta korelasinya dengan indikator status gizi dan pola gaya hidup. Sebanyak 47 subjek berhasil menyelesaikan seluruh rangkaian protokol penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar trigliserida pada pasien skizofrenia berkorelasi dengan indeks massa tubuh (r=0,29, p<0,05) dan lingkar pinggang (r=0,34, p<0,05). Kadar kolesterol HDL berkorelasi negatif dengan konsumsi rokok harian (r=-0,35, p<0,05). Sebagian besar subjek pada penelitian ini memiliki profil lipid dalam batas normal, namun perlu diperhatikan bahwa 80,8% subjek memiliki indeks massa tubuh melebihi normal dan 74,5% subjek mengalami obesitas sentral. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengingat keadaan obesitas khususnya obesitas sentral berhubungan erat dengan risiko morbiditas dislipidemia dan risiko mortalitas kardiovaskuler

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ABSTRACT
Patients with schizophrenia tend to be at risk of metabolic disorders because of their higher risk of obesity. Obesity increases the risk of morbidity of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular mortality risk. The risk of obesity in these patients is believed to be caused by several factors associated with schizophrenia itself, antipsychotic side effects, poor diet, and unhealthy lifestyle, such as low levels of activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Adult Mental Clinic RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo in May−June 2014 to assess on lipid profile in patients with schizophrenia and their correlation with indicators of nutritional status and lifestyle patterns. A total of 47 subjects successfully completed the entire series of the study protocol. The results showed that triglyceride levels in schizophrenic patients were correlated with body mass index (r = 0.29, p <0.05) and waist circumference (r = 0.34, p <0.05). HDL cholesterol levels were negatively correlated with daily cigarette consumption (r = -0.35, p <0.05). Most of the subjects in this study had a lipid profile within the normal range, but it should be noted that 80.8% of the subjects had a body mass index above normal and 74.5% of the subjects had central obesity. Further research is needed in view of the state of obesity especially central obesity is closely related to morbidity risk of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular mortality risk.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Pisang merupakan buah yang sering dikonsumsi saat berolahraga, memiliki kandungan pati resisten. Kandungan pati resisten pisang berperan terhadap nilai indeks glikemik serta respon glikemik pisang pada konsumsi pisang. Penelitian dengan uji eksperimental desain crossover, tersamar tunggal dan alokasi strata, pada 12 pelari rekreasional putra usia 20−22 tahun dilakukan untuk melihat pengaruh kematangan pisang yang dikonsumsi dua jam sebelum berlari 10.000 m terhadap kadar glukosa darah, respon kelelahan serta waktu tempuh berlari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan pati resisten pada pisang mentah dan matang berturut-turut sebesar 1,15 g/100g dan 0,42 g/100g. Pada perlakuan didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara pisang mentah dibandingkan pisang matang pada hasil gula darah sewaktu (GDS−I, GDS−II dan GDS−III, p<0,001), asam laktat (La−II dan La−III, p<0,001), serta performa berlari 10.000 m (p<0,001) yang dinilai dengan VAS dan waktu tempuh. Hasil ini menunjukkan konsumsi pisang mentah dapat menjadi pilihan asupan nutrisi pada dua jam sebelum berlari untuk meningkatkan performa.

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ABSTRACT
Banana is a fruit which is often consumed during exercise and contain resistant starch. The content of banana resistant starch contributes to the impact of banana glycemic index and glycemic values on consumption. This experimental study with crossover design, single blind and strata allocation, in 12 recreational runners aged 20−22 years old, was conducted to determine the effect of the maturity of banana that is consumed two hours before 10.000m running on blood glucose level, fatique responses and time. The result showed that the content of resistant starch in banana raw and banana ripe in row is 1,15 g/100g and 0,42 g/100g. There are significant differences in banana raw treatment compared to ripe banana on blood glucose level (GDS−I, GDS−II dan GDS−III, p<0,001), lactic acid (La−II dan La−III, p<0,001), and running performance (p<0,001) assessed with VAS scale for fatique and time. This study shows that consumption of raw bananas can be an option for nutrition intake two hours before running to improve running performance.

Abstrak :
Zat besi merupakan mikronutrien esensial yang diperlukan tubuh seperti pertumbuhan sel darah merah dan sel otak Kebutuhan besi meningkat pada masa kehamilan Komposisi mikrobiota dapat berubah selama tahap kehidupan yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor misalnya besi Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain potong lintang yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara asupan besi dan kadar feritin serum dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium pada ibu hamil trimester ketiga Penelitian ini dilakukan di seluruh puskesmas kecamatan di Jakarta Timur dari bulan Maret sampai April 2015 Pengambilan subjek dilakukan dengan cara konsekutif dan didapatkan 52 ibu hamil yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian Data dikumpulkan dengan wawancara meliputi kuesioner data asupan besi heme dan non heme protein serta vitamin C dengan FFQ semikuantitatif Pengukuran antropometri untuk menilai status asupan gizi pemeriksaan laboratorium untuk mengetahui kadar feritin serum dan kadar CRP serta jumlah Bifdobacterium dalam tinja Didapatkan rerata usia 29 1 5 9 tahun nilai median asupan besi 66 7 3 3 144 1 mg hari kadar feritin serum 31 1 3 6 96 1 g L dan jumlah Bifidobacterium usus 7 45 5 1 9 5 log g tinja Tidak didapatkan korelasi yang bermakna asupan besi dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium usus r 0 202 p 0 152 juga tidak didapatkan korelasi bermakna antara kadar feritin serum dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium usus (r=0,116 p=0,411).

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Iron is an essensial micronutrient which body needed such as for blood growth cell and brain cell Iron rsquo s requirement increases in pregnancy Microbiota composition can change in cycle of life which be affected by many factors likely iron The aim of this cross sectional study was to find the correlation between iron intake and serum ferritin with Bifidobacterium third trimester of pregnancy Data collection was conducted from March 2015 until April 2015 in all of sub district of public health centre in east Jakarta Subjects were obtained using consecutive sampling method A total of 52 pregnancy subjects had met the study criteria Data were collected through interviews including questionnare iron intake heme and non heme protein and vitamin C used semiquantitative FFQ Anthropometry measurementsto assess the nutritional status and laboratory examination i e blood levels of serum ferritin and CRP and Bifidobacterium in feces Mean age 29 1 5 9 years Median of intake of iron was 66 7 3 3 144 1 mg day serum ferritin was 31 1 3 6 96 1 g L and gut Bifidobacterium 7 45 5 1 9 5 log g feces No significant correlation was found between iron intake and Bifidobacterium in feces r 0 202 p 0 152 and negative correlations and no significant between serum ferritin and Bifidobacterium in feces (r=0, 116, p=0,411)

Abstrak :
Bifidobacterium merupakan salah satu mikrobiota yang memberikan manfaat bagi kesehatan manusia termasuk pada kehamilan, dan penting pada proses kolonisasi mikrobiota usus bayi baru lahir. Jumlah Bifidobacterium usus pada dewasa relatif stabil, namun belum diketahui jumlahnya pada ibu hamil trimester ketiga, terutama di Indonesia. Asupan makanan termasuk serat dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan Bifidobacterium, termasuk serat. Stimulasi serat terhadap pertumbuhan Bifidobacterium dapat berupa stimulasi langsung sebagai prebiotik, atau secara tidak langsung sebagai substrat yang dapat difermentasi dan menurunkan pH kolon dan meningkatkan enzim intestinal alkaline phospatase (IAP). Dua mekanisme terakhir secara tidak langsung menurunkan jumlah bakteri patogen sehingga jumlah Bifidobacterium meningkat. Penelitian potong lintang di seluruh Puskesmas Kecamatan di Jakarta Timur pada bulan Maret-Juni 2015 dilakukan untuk menilai korelasi asupan serat dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium usus ibu hamil trimester ketiga. Lima puluh dua subjek menyelesaikan prosedur penelitian. Asupan serat dinilai dengan Food Frequency Questionnaire semikuantitatif, dan kuantifikasi Bifidobacterium dengan real time PCR. Nilai asupan serat adalah 18,9 (5,6?43,0) g/hari, dan 92,3% subjek tidak memenuhi AKG. Jumlah Bifidobacterium usus adalah 7,7 (5,12?9,50) log sel/g feses. Tidak terdapat korelasi bermakna (p >0,05) antara asupan serat total, serat larut dan tidak larut, dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium usus (r = 0,223; r = 0,245; r = 0,2).

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Bifidobacterium is one of the beneficial microbiota in human health, including in pregnancy and important for first intestinal microbiota colonization in newborn. The number of intestinal Bifidobacterium in adults is relatively stable, but still unknown in the third trimester of pregnancy, especially in Indonesia. Dietary intake is one of the factors influencing the growth of Bifidobacterium, including dietary fiber. Dietary fiber stimulation act directly as a prebiotic, or indirectly as a fermentation substrate that promote the decreasing of colonic pH, and increasing intestinal alkaline phospatase (IAP) enzyme, resulting a decrease of the amount of pathogenic microbiota. A cross-sectional study in all district public health care in the East Jakarta, March until June 2015 was performed to assess the correlation between dietary fiber intake and the amount of intestinal Bifidobacterium in third trimester of pregnancy women. Fifty-two subjects completed the study procedures. Dietary fiber intake was assessed using semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire, and instestinal Bifidobacterium was quantified using real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (rPCR). Dietary fiber intake in this study was 18.9 (5.6?43.0) g/day and 92.3% subjects did not meet the Dietary Reference Intake. The intestinal Bifidobacterium count is 7.7 (5.12?9.50) log cell/g faeces. The results show that there is no significant correlation (p > 0.05) between dietary fiber, dietary soluble fiber, and dietary insoluble fiber intake with the amount of intestinal Bifidobacterium in third trimester of pregnancy (r = 0.223; r = 0.245; r = 0.2).

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[ABSTRAK
Latar belakang: mengetahui hubungan antara asupan makronutrien dan gaya hidup terhadap status HbA1c penyandang diabetes melitus (DM) tipe 2. Metode: penyandang DM tipe 2 dikategorikan ke dalam 2 kelompok, yaitu kontrol glikemik (KG) baik (HbA1c < 7,0) dan KG buruk (HbA1c > 7,0). Data karakteristik dasar seperti usia, jenis kelamin, status gizi, durasi menderita DM, jenis dan jumlah obat DM yang digunakan, serta ada/ tidaknya komplikasi DM yang diderita. Asupan makronutrien terdiri dari asupan energi total harian, asupan karbohidrat, protein, lemak dan serat. Faktor gaya hidup meliputi ketaatan mengikuti diet sesuai yang direkomendasikan, aktivitas fisik, ketaatan konsumsi obat, merokok dan minum alkohol. Data-data dari kedua kelompok kemudian dihubungkan dengan status HbA1c dengan uji Chi square. Hasil penelitian: usia penyandang DM yang lebih muda (< 55 tahun), asupan karbohidrat dan ketaatan mengikuti diet berhubungan bermakna secara statistik dengan status HbA1c (P < 0,05). Rasio asupan makronutrien (karbohidrat, protein, lemak) pada kelompok KG baik adalah 47: 18: 35 dan KG buruk 51: 16: 33. Kesimpulan : Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa status HbA1c berhubungan bermakna dengan faktor usia, asupan karbohidrat, dan ketaatan mengikuti diet. Edukasi sebaiknya diberikan kepada penyandang DM tipe 2 dengan KG buruk, terutama yang berusia < 55 tahun agar mengatur pola makannya sesuai dengan yang direkomendasikan dengan memperhatikan jenis, jumlah, dan jadwal.

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ABSTRACT
Background: Determining the relationship between macronutrients intake and lifestyle factors and HbA1c status of diabetic type 2 patient in improving the effectiveness of patient?s nutrition therapy and preventing diabetes complications. Methods: Diabetic type 2 patients were categorized into 2 groups; patients with good glycemic control (GC) or HbA1c < 7.0 and patients with poor glycemic control (PC) or HbA1c > 7.0. Clinical characteristics were differentiated by age, gender, body mass index (BMI), duration of illness, type and amount of diabetic medication, and other diabetic complication. Macronutrient intake consisted of total daily calories and carbohydrate, protein, fat and fiber intakes. Lifestyle factors consisted of the adherence to dietary advice and medication, physical activities, smoking habit, and alcohol intake. The data were be used to determine their relationship with HbA1c status using Chi Square test. Results: Younger diabetic type 2 patients (< 55 years old), carbohydrate intake, and adherence to dietary advice were identified as statistically significant variables related to HbA1c status (P <0.05). Macronutrient intake ratio (carbohydrate : protein : fat) for GC was 47 : 18 : 35 and PC was 51 : 16 : 33. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that HbA1c status in diabetic type 2 patient are related to age, carbohydrate intake and adherence to dietary advice. Education to be provided to younger diabetic type 2 patients (<55 years old) to maintain good dietary pattern according to medical nutrition therapy, Background: Determining the relationship between macronutrients intake and lifestyle factors and HbA1c status of diabetic type 2 patient in improving the effectiveness of patient’s nutrition therapy and preventing diabetes complications. Methods: Diabetic type 2 patients were categorized into 2 groups; patients with good glycemic control (GC) or HbA1c < 7.0 and patients with poor glycemic control (PC) or HbA1c > 7.0. Clinical characteristics were differentiated by age, gender, body mass index (BMI), duration of illness, type and amount of diabetic medication, and other diabetic complication. Macronutrient intake consisted of total daily calories and carbohydrate, protein, fat and fiber intakes. Lifestyle factors consisted of the adherence to dietary advice and medication, physical activities, smoking habit, and alcohol intake. The data were be used to determine their relationship with HbA1c status using Chi Square test. Results: Younger diabetic type 2 patients (< 55 years old), carbohydrate intake, and adherence to dietary advice were identified as statistically significant variables related to HbA1c status (P <0.05). Macronutrient intake ratio (carbohydrate : protein : fat) for GC was 47 : 18 : 35 and PC was 51 : 16 : 33. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that HbA1c status in diabetic type 2 patient are related to age, carbohydrate intake and adherence to dietary advice. Education to be provided to younger diabetic type 2 patients (<55 years old) to maintain good dietary pattern according to medical nutrition therapy]

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Status hidrasi dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor termasuk usia. Perubahan fisiologis yang terjadi pada lansia yaitu penurunan sensasi rasa haus, penurunan sekresi aldosteron, dan penurunan fungsi luhur dapat menyebabkan peningkatan risiko dehidrasi pada lansia. Penelitian analitik observasional dengan metode potong lintang telah dilakukan di rumah binaan lansia Atmabrata, Cilincing Jakarta Utara, dengan tujuan untuk menilai status hidrasi pada lansia dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan yaitu asupan cairan dan aktivitas fisik. Lima puluh sembilan subjek berhasil menyelesaikan protokol penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 27,1% lansia mengalami dehidrasi dengan menggunakan indikator berat jenis urin dan 49,2% lansia tidak terhidrasi dengan baik dengan menggunakan indikator warna urin. Rerata asupan cairan subjek adalah 1327,97 ± 407,75 mL, dan terdapat 72,9% subjek dengan aktivitas fisik rendah. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara status hidrasi dengan asupan cairan (p>0,05), dan sebaliknya terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara berat jenis urin dengan tingkat aktivitas fisik (p <0,001).

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ABSTRACT
Hydration status can be affected among others by age. Dehydration risk is higher in the elderly. Physiological changes such as decreasing sensation of thirst, decreasing secretion of aldosterone and impaired cognitive fuction could be the causes of dehydration among elderly. Analytic observational by using cross sectional study design conducted in Atmabrata nursing home, Cilincing North Jakarta has been done to asses hydration status in the elderly and its related factors, i.e fluid intake and physical activity. Fifty nine subjects accomplished the study protocol. Based on the urine specific gravity measure, it shows that 27.1% elderly was dehydrated and by using urine color chart, it shows that 49.2% elderly was not hydrated properly. The fluid intake average of the subject was 1327.97 ± 407.75 mL, and there was 72.9% subject with low physical activity. There was no significant association between hydration status and fluid intake (p>0.05). There was significant association between urine specific gravity status and level physical activity (p<0.001)., Hydration status can be affected among others by age. Dehydration risk is higher in the elderly. Physiological changes such as decreasing sensation of thirst, decreasing secretion of aldosterone and impaired cognitive fuction could be the causes of dehydration among elderly. Analytic observational by using cross sectional study design conducted in Atmabrata nursing home, Cilincing North Jakarta has been done to asses hydration status in the elderly and its related factors, i.e fluid intake and physical activity. Fifty nine subjects accomplished the study protocol. Based on the urine specific gravity measure, it shows that 27.1% elderly was dehydrated and by using urine color chart, it shows that 49.2% elderly was not hydrated properly. The fluid intake average of the subject was 1327.97 ± 407.75 mL, and there was 72.9% subject with low physical activity. There was no significant association between hydration status and fluid intake (p>0.05). There was significant association between urine specific gravity status and level physical activity (p<0.001).]