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"Skripsi ini mengkaji kebijakan politik pemerintah terhadap perluasan kewenangan peradilan agama di Indonesia pada tahun 1989-2006, khususnya dari kewenangan terbatas di bidang hukum keluarga hingga meliputi hukum ekonomi. Sejak era kolonial hingga awal Orde Baru, peradilan agama mengalami banyak kendala yang disebabkan oleh sistem hukum yang berlaku, hubungan pemerintah dan kelompok Islam, dan kondisi politik. Tetapi dalam perkembangannya, tingginya kesadaran hukum masyarakat Islam melahirkan urgensi terhadap eksistensi peradilan agama dan formalisasi kewenangannya. Hal ini diakomodasi pemerintah yang melahirkan peraturan perundang-undangan tentang peradilan agama dalam sistem hukum nasional. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah. Pertama, penulis mengumpulkan sumber berupa arsip pemerintah, surat kabar sezaman, peraturan perundang-undangan, buku, dan jurnal. Selanjutnya, sumber-sumber tersebut diverifikasi kedalam sumber primer dan sekunder. Setelah itu, penulis melakukan interpretasi terhadap sumber. Langkah terakhir adalah merekonstruksi hasil penelitian dengan analisis politik hukum dan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Berdasarkan penelitian, disimpulkan bahwa eksistensi peradilan agama dan kewenangannya tidak terlepas dari kepentingan politik pemerintah dan kesadaran hukum umat Islam. Perluasan kewenangan peradilan agama di bidang ekonomi syariah merupakan bentuk adaptasi pemerintah terhadap perkembangan dan kontribusi perbankan syariah dan lembaga keuangan syariah terhadap perekonomian negara setelah krisis moneter pada akhir era Orde Baru.

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This undergraduate thesis eamines the governments policy of expanding the religious judiciary competence in Indonesia from 1989 until 2006, especially from limited competence in the field of family law and expand to economic law. From the colonial era to early of New Order, religious judiciary experienced many obstacles caused by national legal system, government and Islamic groups relations, and political condition. However, in the next period, heightened legal awareness of Muslims courage an urgency to the existence of religious courts and formalization of its absolute competences. It was accommodated by between government which created law supremacy about religious judiciary in the national legal system.

The method used is historical method. First, author collected resources of government archives, newspaper, law supremacy, books, and journals. Then, the sources were verified into primary and secondary sources and compared to each oher. After that, the sources were interpreted based on author rsquo s perspective. Finally, author reconstruct the results with legal political and statute approach.

Based on research, it is concluded that the existence and competence of religious judiciary was inseparable from political interests of government and legal awareness of Muslim society. The expansion of jurisdiction in the field of sharia economic influenced by adjustment of government in Reformation era to the rapid development and contribution of syariah banking and financial institutions to the state after monetary crisis in the end of New Order reign."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas tentang pelaksanaan salah satu program kredit Orde baru, Kredit Candak Kulak, yang dilaksanakan pada tahun 1976 hingga 1998. Program tersebut menandai perluasan fungsi Koperasi Unit Desa KUD dalam pendistribusian program kredit bagi masyarakat pedesaan. Tidak hanya menandai perluasan fungsi KUD, program KCK juga menunjukkan upaya pemerintah dalam meningkatkan ekonomi dan kesejahteraan masyarakat pedesaan dalam sektor yang lebih luas lagi. Selama pelaksanaan program bahkan hingga sekarang, masih terdapat kesalahan konsepsi terhadap program KCK dengan program-program kredit lain yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah Orde Baru. Melalui hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa para pedagang kecil atau bakul merupakan sasaran utama program dengan ciri khas program yang memuat aspek pendidikan dan tidak memerlukan jaminan. Selain itu, alasan pokok yang mendasari pelaksanaan program adalah kemampuan ekonomi dan keuangan negara untuk melaksanakan program KCK.

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ABSTRACTThis undergraduate thesis comprises explanation about the enforcement of one of New Order 39s rural credit programs, Candak Kulak Credit, which was held in 1976 until 1998. The program itself marks the extention of Rural Cooperative or Koperasi Unit Desa KUD function in alloting credit programs to rural people. Not only marking KUD new function, the program also discloses government 39s intention in improving rural people economy condition and their welfare in a wider sector. During the program enforcement even up until now, misconception still ensues regarding the program itself with many other credit programs which were established by New Order government. From the results, it can be concluded the program aimed traders or bakul as its main target with the programs uniqueness riveted to its educational aspect and without guarantee fund. Moreover, the underlying reason behind the program enforcement was the nations economy and finance capabilities to carry out KCK program."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas dinamika pembentukan Perusahaan Umum Perum Husada Bhakti sebagai penyelenggara asuransi kesehatan di Indonesia masa Orde Baru di tahun 1984 mdash;1992. Pelaksanaan asuransi kesehatan di Indonesia masa Orde Baru sebelumnya dikelola oleh Badan Penyelenggaraan Dana Pemeliharaan Kesehatan BPDPK atau dikenal dengan sebutan Askes Asuransi kesehatan sejak tahun 1968. Namun, BPDPK dalam perkembangannya mengalami permasalahan terkait posisinya sebagai badan khusus di bawah Departemen Kesehatan dan permasalahan krisis keuangan. Kemudian, untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut maka BPDPK berubah status hukum menjadi bentuk Perusahaan Umum Perum . Perum Husada Bhakti dibentuk pada tahun 1984 untuk menggantikan BPDPK sebagai penyelenggara asuransi kesehatan di Indonesia. Perubahan status hukum tersebut turut memberikan berbagai usaha pembenahan sistem berupa perubahan sistem dari reimbursement fee for service menjadi managed care. Melalui perubahan sistem asuransi kesehatan tersebut Perum Husada Bhakti semakin berkembang hingga akhirnya pada 1992 beralih bentuk menjadi Persero Terbatas PT Asuransi Kesehatan Indonesia.

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ABSTRACTThis study discusses about the dynamics of Public Corporation Perum Husada Bhakti 39 s formation as the provider of health insurance in Indonesia during the New Order period in 1984 1992. The implementation of health insurance in Indonesia during the New Order was administered by the Health Care Fund Management Body BPDPK as known as Askes Asuransi Kesehatan since 1968. However, BPDPK in its development, faces problems are related to its position as a special agency under the Ministry of Health. Beside that, it has financial crisis problems. To overcome these problems BPDPK changed the legal status into a Public Company Perum . Perum Husada Bhakti was formed in 1984 to replace BPDPK as a health insurance provider in Indonesia. The changes in legal status also provide various efforts to revamp the system, from reimbursement fee for service to managed care. Through the change in the health insurance system Perum Husada Bhakti keep growing up. Finally in 1992, it shifts into Limited Persero PT Indonesia Health Insurance. "

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas perubahan sikap Sukarno terhadap kepemilikan senjata nuklir Indonesia. Pada awalnya, Sukarno menentang kepemilikan senjata nuklir, namun dengan diterapkannya kebijakan luar negeri yang konfrontatif pada era Demokrasi Terpimpin, terjadi perubahan sikap Sukarno terkait senjata nuklir. Senjata nuklir kemudian dijadikan alat politik Sukarno untuk mendukung kebijakan politik luar negeri Indonesia yang high profile dan konfrontatif pada saat itu. Hal ini ditandai dengan reorganisasi LTA (Lembaga Tenaga Atom) yang awalnya hanya berperan sebagai lembaga riset nuklir untuk maksud-maksud damai diubah menjadi BATAN (Badan Tenaga Atom Nasional) yang diharapkan oleh Sukarno bisa berperan mengembangkan senjata nuklir bagi Indonesia.

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ABSTRACTThis paper thoroughly discuss about Sukarno‟s changing stance upon Indonesian ownership of nuclear weapon. At the beginning, Sukarno was opposing the idea of nuclear weapon ownership, but due to the implementation of confrontational international policies under the era of Guided Democracy, Sukarno developed a change in his attitude towards nuclear weaponry. Nuclear weapon was then treated as political instrument as for supporting Indonesia‟s international relation policies that was considered high-profiled and confrontational. It was reinstated by reestablishment of LTA (Lembaga Tenaga Atom) ?which was only a peace-keeping nuclear research institute ?into BATAN (Badan Tenaga Atom Nasional) which was aimed to contribute towards developing nuclear weapon in Indonesia."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai perkembangan pelabuhan Pontianak dalam aspek ekonomi dan politik pada tahun 1771-1942. Sultan Syarif Abdurakhman Al Qadrie mendirikan kerajaan Pontianak dan pelabuhan ini pada tahun 1771, yang letaknya di persimpangan antara Sungai Kapuas dan Sungai Landak. Sejak saat itulah pelabuhan ini menjadi ramai dikunjungi baik oleh para pedagang nusantara maupun pedagang asing. Perdagangan yang semakin ramai membuat pihak kerajaan ingin memperluas kekuasan ke seluruh Kalimantan Barat. Untuk memperluas kekuasaan tersebut, Kerajaan Pontianak mulai menaklukan Kerajaan Sanggau, Kerajaan Mempawah, Kerajaan Sambas, dan Kerajaan Sukadan. Usaha inipun berhasil karena Kerajaan Pontianak mendapat bantuan dari VOC yang sudah melakukan kontrak politik dengan pihak kerajaan pada tahun 1779. Kontrak politik tersebut membuat VOC ikut campur dalam aktifitas kerajaan baik dalam segi politik, ekonomi, maupun sosial. Pada abad ke-19 hingga abad ke-20, pelabuhan Pontianak mengalami perkembangan perdagangan dan pelayaran yang sangat pesat. Berkembangnya pelabuhan Pontianak, menjadikan pelabuhan Pontianak sebagai pusat kegiatan pelayaran dan perdagangan di Kalimantan Barat.

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This undergraduate thesis discusses about the development of Pontianak Port in economy and political aspect in 1771-1942. Sultan Syarif Abdurakhman Al Qadrie established The Kingdom of Pontianak and the port in 1771, which located on the intersection between Kapuas River and Landak River. Since then, the port became busy by the economical activity and visited not only by traders from Nusantara but also from other countries. The growth of trade and other economic activities led the Kingdom to spread its influence on the entire of West Kalimantan. To spread its influence, Pontianak Kingdom started to conquered kingdoms surround it, Sanggau, Mempawah, Sambas, and Sukadan. This effort was successful with helped by VOC which already had a politic contract with the Kingdom in 1779. That politic contract made VOC more or less interfered the Kingdom's politics, economic, and social. In 19th until 20th century, Pontianak port had a significance growth. This growth, made Pontianak port became the entrepot in West kalimantan."

"Pulau Pasir, atau dikenal Australia dengan nama Ashmore Reef, telah lama menjadi tujuan utama nelayan-nelayan tradisional dari Indonesia Timur, yang salah satunya berasal dari Dusun Papela, Pulau Rote, Nusa Tenggara Timur, sejak abad ke-18. Berubahnya batas-batas wilayah yang disepakati oleh kedua negara turut mempengaruhi aktivitas nelayan tradisional di perairan timur Indonesia yang telah berlangsung berabad-abad tersebut. Di beberapa tahun belakangan ini, muncul sejumlah kasus penangkapan nelayan tradisional Pulau Rote yang dianggap sebagai pelintas batas karena melaut hingga ke perairan utara Australia. Peristiwa lintas batas ini lantas memancing reaksi dari kedua negara yang saling mempertanyakan implikasi kesepakatan yang telah mereka capai melalui Nota Kesepakatan di tahun 1974. Melalui pengkajian terhadap aspek geografis dan historis, serta hukum laut internasional, penelitian ini menunjukkan bagaimana sikap kedua negara dalam menghadapi ketidaksepahaman terkait kasus-kasus pelintas batas ke Ashmore Reef/Pulau Pasir.

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Pulau Pasir, an island used to be known by the Australians by the name of Ashmore Reef, has been regularly visited mainly by Indonesian traditional fishermen, especially from the village of Papela, Rote Island, Nusa Tenggara Timur, since the 18th century. The changing sea borders between Indonesia and Australia, which has already been agreed by both of the countries, are certainly affecting the traditional fishermen?s activities in the south-eastern side of Indonesia that has took place for centuries. In these past few years, apprehension of the traditional fishermen came out to the surface. They?ve been subjected as cross-borders due to their sails to the Australian waters. The apprehension of the cross-borders provoke reactions from both countries, questioning the implications of the agreement they?ve signed, the 1974?s Memorandum of Understanding. Through assessing the geographical and historical aspects, as well as understanding the international law of the sea, this thesis presents a complete elaboration concerning on how both countries overcome the issues, the disagreements, and the rising cases of the cross-borders sailing to Ashmore Reef/Pulau Pasir."

"This thesis discusses the involvement of Henk Ngantung in Jakarta’s Government. Jakarta as the capital of the Republic of Indonesia, expected Soekarno can be a symbol of nation pride as well as should be pretty, clean, and beautiful. Soekarno also stressed the importance of arts in urban life, not only because people need physical fulfillment. But also requires a spiritual fulfillment. To achieve that goal, Soekarno puts Henk Ngantung to Jakarta’s Government. Henk Ngantung is an artist who has a lot of plans and thoughts on beauty and art for the city of Jakarta.

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Skripsi ini membahas tentang kiprah Henk Ngantung dalam Pemerintahan Kota Jakarta. Jakarta sebagai Ibukota Republik Indonesia diharapkan Soekarno dapat dijadikan simbol kebanggaan nasional serta harus cantik, bersih, dan indah. Soekarno menekankan pula pentingnya seni dalam kehidupan perkotaan karena manusia tidak hanya membutuhkan pemenuhan kebutuhan jasmani. Namun membutuhkan pula pemenuhan dalam hal rohani. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, Presiden Soekarno menempatkan Henk Ngantung dalam pemerintahan Kota Jakarta. Henk Ngantung adalah seorang seniman yang mempunyai banyak rencana mengenai keindahan, seni dan seorang yang banyak memikirkan tentang keindahan Kota Jakarta. "

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas propaganda Anti-Komunisme yang terdapat dalam film-film Hollywood pada masa awal Perang Dingin, tahun 1947 ? 1954. Propaganda adalah alat untuk mempengaruhi dan menyetir jalan pikiran seseorang melalui berbagai media, salah satunya adalah film. Pemerintah Amerika Serikat telah menggunakan film sebagai alat propaganda pada masa Perang Dunia 1 dan 2. Setelah dimulainya kebijakan Pembendungan Truman pada tahun 1947, yang kemudian disusul oleh pemeriksaan House of Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) serta dimulainya era McCarthyisme, film-film propaganda Anti-Komunisme segera diproduksi oleh Hollywood pada tahun 1947 hingga tahun 1954. Film-film propaganda Anti-Komunisme itu diproduksi untuk mendukung kepentingan pemerintah Amerika Serikat selama masa Perang Dingin.

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ABSTRACTThe focus of this study is the Anti-Communism propagandas in Hollywood movies during the beginning of Cold War, 1947?1954. Propaganda is a tool to influence and steer other people?s mind by using the various media, film is one of them. The Government of United States used propaganda Movies during World War I and II. After the Truman?s Containment Policy on 1947, followed by House of Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) hearings and the start of McCarthyism era, anti-Communism movies were immediately produced by Hollywood from year 1947 to 1954. Those Anti-Communism Propaganda movies were produced to support the interests of United States Government during the Cold War."

"[Skripsi ini membahas tentang kondisi keamanan kota Jakarta pada kurun waktu 1980-1985 yang dikaji melalui pemberitaan dalam harian Pos Kota. Pos Kota sebagai koran populer di Jakarta pada masa itu secara rutin memberitakan tindak kejahatan urban yang sebagian besar terjadi di ibukota. Jakarta pada awal periode 1980-an mengalami peningkatan jumlah kejahatan urban secara drastis. Tindak kejahatan yang terjadi tidak hanya bertambah jumlahnya tetapi juga semakin sadis. Pemerintah melalui aparat keamanan melakukan berbagai upaya guna mengurangi angka tindak kejahatan. Namun disaat upaya pemerintah menjaga keamanan sedang gencar dilaksanakan, muncul serangkaian peristiwa penembakan misterius di Jakarta yang mengejutkan masyarakat. Sebagian besar korbannya justru para residivis serta orang yang dianggap sebagai pelaku kejahatan. Berbagai respon yang muncul baik dari masyarakat maupun pemerintah ditampilkan oleh harian Pos Kota.

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This study elaborates situation in Jakarta over 5 years between 1980 and 1985 focusing on Pos Kota daily articles. Pos Kota as one of the popular newspapers at the time were providing urban crimes in Jakarta frequently. At the early period, it showed an ipward trend in crimes dramatically both quantity and quality. Regarding this, the official did various ways to decline. At once, there were a set of hidden murdering in Jakarta. Nonetheles, most of victims were recidivist. All sort of reaction, either from society or government, reflected by Pos Kota.

;This study elaborates situation in Jakarta over 5 years between 1980 and 1985 focusing on Pos Kota daily articles. Pos Kota as one of the popular newspapers at the time were providing urban crimes in Jakarta frequently. At the early period, it showed an ipward trend in crimes dramatically both quantity and quality. Regarding this, the official did various ways to decline. At once, there were a set of hidden murdering in Jakarta. Nonetheles, most of victims were recidivist. All sort of reaction, either from society or government, reflected by Pos Kota.

, This study elaborates situation in Jakarta over 5 years between 1980 and 1985 focusing on Pos Kota daily articles. Pos Kota as one of the popular newspapers at the time were providing urban crimes in Jakarta frequently. At the early period, it showed an ipward trend in crimes dramatically both quantity and quality. Regarding this, the official did various ways to decline. At once, there were a set of hidden murdering in Jakarta. Nonetheles, most of victims were recidivist. All sort of reaction, either from society or government, reflected by Pos Kota.

]"

"[ ABSTRAK Pada tahun 1998 terjadi dua peristiwa yang memberikan dampak penting terhadap warga etnis Tionghoa di Indonesia.Peristiwa pertama adalah Kerusuhan Mei 1998 yang dilanjutkan oleh peristiwa berikutnya yaitu turunnya Soeharto dari kursi presiden yang menandai berakhirnya pemerintahan Orde Baru. Kerusuhan Mei 1998 yang sarat akan sentimen anti-Tionghoa dan memakan banyak korban warga etnis Tionghoa justru menciptakan sebuah titik balik dalam gerakan warga Tionghoa. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui proses berdirinya organisasi massa bernama Perhimpunan Indonesia Tionghoa (INTI) dan sejauh apa kiprahnya dalam upaya integrasi dengan warga etnis lainnya serta upaya pemenuhan hak WNI keturunan Tionghoa. Sumber-sumber data untuk penelitian ini diperoleh dari buku-buku, jurnal, koran, serta arsip yang didapatkan dari berbagai sumber seperti Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia dan arsip Perhimpunan INTI. Kontribusi dari Perhimpunan INTI tidak begitu disorot dalam koran-koran nasional pada masa awal berdirinya sehingga sumber utama berasal dari wawancara dengan beberapa pendiri organisasi.Tidak semua upaya sepenuhnya dilakukan oleh warga Tionghoa semata tetapi juga terdapat kontribusi dari tokoh-tokoh dengan latar belakang etnis yang berbeda.Ini pun menunjukkan bahwa Perhimpunan INTI berhasil meraih simpati dari berbagai kalangan yang menjadi sebuah langkah awal yang penting dalam upaya integrasi.

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ABSTRACT During 1998, there were two events that had important impacts on Chinese ethnic in Indonesia. The first was May 1998 Riot, which followed by the second event, i.e. the fall of Soeharto and the end of the New Order government in Indonesia. Mei 1998 Riots, which was filled with anti-Chinese sentiment and took a lot of victims of Chinese ethnic, created a turning point in the Indonesian Chinese movement. This research aims to explore the process of the establishment of the Association of the Indonesian Chinese (Perhimpunan INTI) and its contribution tothe integration of the Indonesian Chinese ethnic with other ethnicsas well as thefulfillment ofthe Indonesian Chinese rights. Data is coming from books, journals, newspapers, and archives, which is provided in libraries of ANRI (Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia) and Association of the Indonesian Chinese. However, its contribution to the above goals is hardly found in national newspapers at the beginning of its foundation; therefore this research will use interviews with some Association of the Indonesian Chinese founders as its main data (information). It is clear from this research that the success of Association of the Indonesian Chinese does not result from Indonesian Chinese efforts alone, but also from other ethnic supports. Those supports have become proves that Association of the Indonesian Chinese has been winning a sympathy from many people.;During 1998, there were two events that had important impacts on Chinese ethnic in Indonesia. The first was May 1998 Riot, which followed by the second event, i.e. the fall of Soeharto and the end of the New Order government in Indonesia. Mei 1998 Riots, which was filled with anti-Chinese sentiment and took a lot of victims of Chinese ethnic, created a turning point in the Indonesian Chinese movement. This research aims to explore the process of the establishment of the Association of the Indonesian Chinese (Perhimpunan INTI) and its contribution tothe integration of the Indonesian Chinese ethnic with other ethnicsas well as thefulfillment ofthe Indonesian Chinese rights. Data is coming from books, journals, newspapers, and archives, which is provided in libraries of ANRI (Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia) and Association of the Indonesian Chinese. However, its contribution to the above goals is hardly found in national newspapers at the beginning of its foundation; therefore this research will use interviews with some Association of the Indonesian Chinese founders as its main data (information). It is clear from this research that the success of Association of the Indonesian Chinese does not result from Indonesian Chinese efforts alone, but also from other ethnic supports. Those supports have become proves that Association of the Indonesian Chinese has been winning a sympathy from many people.;During 1998, there were two events that had important impacts on Chinese ethnic in Indonesia. The first was May 1998 Riot, which followed by the second event, i.e. the fall of Soeharto and the end of the New Order government in Indonesia. Mei 1998 Riots, which was filled with anti-Chinese sentiment and took a lot of victims of Chinese ethnic, created a turning point in the Indonesian Chinese movement. This research aims to explore the process of the establishment of the Association of the Indonesian Chinese (Perhimpunan INTI) and its contribution tothe integration of the Indonesian Chinese ethnic with other ethnicsas well as thefulfillment ofthe Indonesian Chinese rights. Data is coming from books, journals, newspapers, and archives, which is provided in libraries of ANRI (Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia) and Association of the Indonesian Chinese. However, its contribution to the above goals is hardly found in national newspapers at the beginning of its foundation; therefore this research will use interviews with some Association of the Indonesian Chinese founders as its main data (information). It is clear from this research that the success of Association of the Indonesian Chinese does not result from Indonesian Chinese efforts alone, but also from other ethnic supports. Those supports have become proves that Association of the Indonesian Chinese has been winning a sympathy from many people.;During 1998, there were two events that had important impacts on Chinese ethnic in Indonesia. The first was May 1998 Riot, which followed by the second event, i.e. the fall of Soeharto and the end of the New Order government in Indonesia. Mei 1998 Riots, which was filled with anti-Chinese sentiment and took a lot of victims of Chinese ethnic, created a turning point in the Indonesian Chinese movement. This research aims to explore the process of the establishment of the Association of the Indonesian Chinese (Perhimpunan INTI) and its contribution tothe integration of the Indonesian Chinese ethnic with other ethnicsas well as thefulfillment ofthe Indonesian Chinese rights. Data is coming from books, journals, newspapers, and archives, which is provided in libraries of ANRI (Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia) and Association of the Indonesian Chinese. However, its contribution to the above goals is hardly found in national newspapers at the beginning of its foundation; therefore this research will use interviews with some Association of the Indonesian Chinese founders as its main data (information). It is clear from this research that the success of Association of the Indonesian Chinese does not result from Indonesian Chinese efforts alone, but also from other ethnic supports. Those supports have become proves that Association of the Indonesian Chinese has been winning a sympathy from many people.;During 1998, there were two events that had important impacts on Chinese ethnic in Indonesia. The first was May 1998 Riot, which followed by the second event, i.e. the fall of Soeharto and the end of the New Order government in Indonesia. Mei 1998 Riots, which was filled with anti-Chinese sentiment and took a lot of victims of Chinese ethnic, created a turning point in the Indonesian Chinese movement. This research aims to explore the process of the establishment of the Association of the Indonesian Chinese (Perhimpunan INTI) and its contribution tothe integration of the Indonesian Chinese ethnic with other ethnicsas well as thefulfillment ofthe Indonesian Chinese rights. Data is coming from books, journals, newspapers, and archives, which is provided in libraries of ANRI (Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia) and Association of the Indonesian Chinese. However, its contribution to the above goals is hardly found in national newspapers at the beginning of its foundation; therefore this research will use interviews with some Association of the Indonesian Chinese founders as its main data (information). It is clear from this research that the success of Association of the Indonesian Chinese does not result from Indonesian Chinese efforts alone, but also from other ethnic supports. Those supports have become proves that Association of the Indonesian Chinese has been winning a sympathy from many people.;During 1998, there were two events that had important impacts on Chinese ethnic in Indonesia. The first was May 1998 Riot, which followed by the second event, i.e. the fall of Soeharto and the end of the New Order government in Indonesia. Mei 1998 Riots, which was filled with anti-Chinese sentiment and took a lot of victims of Chinese ethnic, created a turning point in the Indonesian Chinese movement. This research aims to explore the process of the establishment of the Association of the Indonesian Chinese (Perhimpunan INTI) and its contribution tothe integration of the Indonesian Chinese ethnic with other ethnicsas well as thefulfillment ofthe Indonesian Chinese rights. Data is coming from books, journals, newspapers, and archives, which is provided in libraries of ANRI (Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia) and Association of the Indonesian Chinese. However, its contribution to the above goals is hardly found in national newspapers at the beginning of its foundation; therefore this research will use interviews with some Association of the Indonesian Chinese founders as its main data (information). It is clear from this research that the success of Association of the Indonesian Chinese does not result from Indonesian Chinese efforts alone, but also from other ethnic supports. Those supports have become proves that Association of the Indonesian Chinese has been winning a sympathy from many people.;During 1998, there were two events that had important impacts on Chinese ethnic in Indonesia. The first was May 1998 Riot, which followed by the second event, i.e. the fall of Soeharto and the end of the New Order government in Indonesia. Mei 1998 Riots, which was filled with anti-Chinese sentiment and took a lot of victims of Chinese ethnic, created a turning point in the Indonesian Chinese movement. This research aims to explore the process of the establishment of the Association of the Indonesian Chinese (Perhimpunan INTI) and its contribution tothe integration of the Indonesian Chinese ethnic with other ethnicsas well as thefulfillment ofthe Indonesian Chinese rights. Data is coming from books, journals, newspapers, and archives, which is provided in libraries of ANRI (Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia) and Association of the Indonesian Chinese. However, its contribution to the above goals is hardly found in national newspapers at the beginning of its foundation; therefore this research will use interviews with some Association of the Indonesian Chinese founders as its main data (information). It is clear from this research that the success of Association of the Indonesian Chinese does not result from Indonesian Chinese efforts alone, but also from other ethnic supports. Those supports have become proves that Association of the Indonesian Chinese has been winning a sympathy from many people., During 1998, there were two events that had important impacts on Chinese ethnic in Indonesia. The first was May 1998 Riot, which followed by the second event, i.e. the fall of Soeharto and the end of the New Order government in Indonesia. Mei 1998 Riots, which was filled with anti-Chinese sentiment and took a lot of victims of Chinese ethnic, created a turning point in the Indonesian Chinese movement. This research aims to explore the process of the establishment of the Association of the Indonesian Chinese (Perhimpunan INTI) and its contribution tothe integration of the Indonesian Chinese ethnic with other ethnicsas well as thefulfillment ofthe Indonesian Chinese rights. Data is coming from books, journals, newspapers, and archives, which is provided in libraries of ANRI (Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia) and Association of the Indonesian Chinese. However, its contribution to the above goals is hardly found in national newspapers at the beginning of its foundation; therefore this research will use interviews with some Association of the Indonesian Chinese founders as its main data (information). It is clear from this research that the success of Association of the Indonesian Chinese does not result from Indonesian Chinese efforts alone, but also from other ethnic supports. Those supports have become proves that Association of the Indonesian Chinese has been winning a sympathy from many people.]"