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"ABSTRAKTingkat kemiskinan anak yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan tingkat kemiskinan penduduk menunjukkan anak lebih rentan terhadap dampak kemiskinan. Anak-anak yang tumbuh dalam rumah tangga miskin cenderung tidak dapat menikmati berbagai hak dasar dan berpotensi menghambat tumbuh kembangnya. Penelitian dengan data Susenas Provinsi DKI Jakarta memiliki dua tujuan yaitu mengukur tingkat deprivasi hak-hak dasar anak serta menguji faktor karakteristik rumah tangga yang memengaruhi status kemiskinan anak di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Metode analisis yang digunakan untuk menjawab tujuan pertama adalah dengan MODA, sementara untuk menjawab tujuan kedua adalah dengan regresi logistik. Hasil pengolahan data menggunakan SPSS 22.0 menunjukkan tingkat deprivasi terbesar yang dialami oleh anak di Provinsi DKI Jakarta adalah pada dimensi kesehatan dengan 33,41%, diikuti dimensi perumahan sebesar 32,37%, dimensi makanan dan nutrisi dengan 25,92%, kemudian dimensi fasilitas dengan 24,15%, dimensi pendidikan dengan 23,33%, dan yang terendah dimensi perlindungan anak dengan 3,95%. Pengukuran kemiskinan anak dengan metode MODA menunjukkan terdapat 10,25% anak miskin yang terdeprivasi minimal pada 3 dimensi dan 3,56% anak miskin yang terdeprivasi pada minimal 4 dimensi. Hasil analisis regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa faktor karakteristik rumah tangga yang memengaruhi status kemiskinan anak di Provinsi DKI Jakarta adalah pendidikan kepala rumah tangga, status bekerja ibu, dan jumlah anggota rumah tangga. Kemiskinan anak di Provinsi DKI Jakarta harus segera diatasi, diantaranya dengan memberikan prioritas terhadap dimensi yang memiliki tingkat deprivasi terparah yaitu dimensi kesehatan dan dimensi perumahan. Peningkatan angka imunsasi dasar lengkap pada anak usia balita serta memperbanyak penyediaan hunian vertikal bagi masyarakat berpenghasilan menengah ke bawah dapat menjadi prioritas untuk segera dilaksanakan.

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ABSTRACT Child poverty rates that are higher than population poverty rates indicate that children are more vulnerable to the effects of poverty. Children who grow up in poor households tend to not be able to meet various basic rights and potentially inhibit their growth and development. Research with data from Susenas of DKI Jakarta Province has two objectives namely measuring the level of deprivation of basic rights of children, then testing the factors of household characteristics that influence the child poverty in DKI Jakarta Province. The analytical method used to answer the first objective is MODA, while to answer the second objective is logistic regression. The results of data processing using SPSS 22.0 showed the greatest deprivation rate experienced by children in DKI Jakarta Province was on the health dimension with 33.41%, followed by housing dimensions by 32.37%, food and nutrition dimensions with 25.92%, then dimensions facilities with 24.15%, education dimensions with 23.33%, and the lowest dimensions of child protection with 3.95%. The measurement of child poverty by the MODA method yields a rate of 10.25% of poor children who are minimally deprived of 3 dimensions and 3.56% who are deprived of at least 4 basic rights dimensions. The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that the factors of household characteristics influence the poverty status of children in DKI Jakarta Province are the education of the head of the household, the working status of mothers, and the number of household members. Child poverty in DKI Jakarta Province must be ended immediately through giving priority to dimensions that have the worst levels of deprivation. Increasing the number of complete basic immunizations for children under five years old and increasing the provision of vertical housing for people with middle to lower income can be a priority for immediate implementation.

 

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"Kelahiran UU Migas dan perubahan Pasal 33 UUD 1945 penuh dengan perdebatan seputar peran negara dalam sektor perekonomian. Perdebatan ini tidak lepas dari perdebatan seputar signifikansi welfare state dalam bernegara, dan pada akhirnya berlanjut pada perdebatan mengenai bagaimana Hak Menguasai Negara (HMN) dalam sektor minyak bumi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor- faktor yang dipermasalahkan dari minyak bumi di Indonesia, menjelaskan kebijakan pengelolaan minyak bumi di Indonesia pasca reformasi, dan menganalisis implementasi Pasal 33 UUD 1945 dalam sektor minyak bumi di Indonesia pasca reformasi berdasarkan analisis welfare state. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif dengan narasumber dari pengamat migas dan Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan Republik Indonesia. Hasil penelitian adalah Indonesia mengalami masalah ketahanan energi dan tata kelola minyak bumi. Kebijakan sektor minyak bumi pasca reformasi banyak diwarnai liberalisasi karena adanya tekanan dari pihak asing sementara kebijakan energi nasional tidak dilaksanakan dengan konsisten. Indonesia sudah berusaha menerapkan sebagian Pasal 33 UUD 1945 di sektor minyak bumi dalam rangka mewujudkan konsep welfare state, yaitu adaya peran aktif negara dan upaya mewujudkan kemakmuran rakyat. Namun demikian, Indonesia belum menerapkan demokrasi ekonomi sebagaimana semangat awal Pasal 33 UUD 1945. Hal ini terutama karena masuknya paham ekonomi pasar yang berhasil menggeser demokrasi ekonomi. Dengan demikian, pasca reformasi Indonesia belum sepenuhnya melaksanakan konsep welfare state dalam sektor minyak bumi sebagaimana amanat Pasal 33 UUD 1945.

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The establishment of Law on oil and gas which came along with the the amendment of Article 33 on 1945 Constitution has sorrounded with debates about the state’s role in economic sector. These debates related with the significance of welfare state in national development and still continues on State’s Right in petroleum sector. This research aimed to analyze problematic factors of Indonesian oil, to describe management policies on oil sector post-reform, and to analyze implementation Article 33 of 1945 Constitution in Indonesian oil sector post-reform using Welfare State Analysis. This research uses qualitative and descriptive method that interviews oil-gas expert and also Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia. This research founds that Indonesia has problems with energy security and oil management. The Indonesian policy on oil sector after reformation mostly uses liberalization paradigm because of foreign pressure while national energy policy hasn’t been implemented consistently. Indonesia has been trying to implement part of Article 33 of 1945 Constitution in order to implement the welfare state concept, which are the efforts to make society prosperous. However, Indonesia hasn’t implement democratic economy as the initial spirit of Article 33 of 1945 Constitution. Such condition mainly due to market economy spirit influence which shifted the economic democracy. To conclude, after reformation Indonesia hasn’t fully implement welfare state concept in oil sector as stated in Aticle 33 of 1945 Constitution."

"[Tesis ini menganalis tentang bauran pemasaran produk daging sapi potong PD Dharma Jaya yang terdiri dari variabel produk, harga, promosi, distribusi dan personil dalam rangka revitalisasi peran PD Dharma Jaya berdasarkan persepsi pelanggan dan pegawai. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif yang diperkuat dengan observasi dengan jumlah sampel total 96 orang, wawancaraterbuka dan wawancara mendalam (in deepth interview). Uji beda 2 sampel menggunakan uji U Mann Whitney dipakai untuk menguji perbedaan persepsi antara pelanggan dan pegawai PD Dharma Jaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan persepsi antara pelanggan dan pegawai untuk variabel produk, harga, promosi dan distribusi PD Dharma Jaya yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai probabilitas masing-masing variabel sebesar 0,000 atau di bawah level signifikansi sebesar 0,050. Berdasarkan hasil analisis kuesioner, observasi dan wawancara dengan pelanggan, pegawai dan pihak terkait, jika variabel bauran pemasaran diperbaiki, maka akan dapat mendukung upaya revitalisasi peran PD Dharma Jaya sebagai unsur Dewan Ketahanan Pangan Provinsi DKI Jakarta yaitu mewujudkan Ketahanan Pangan Daerah sebagai bagian dari Ketahanan Nasional.

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This thesis is describe about marketing mix of PD Dharma Jaya?s meat product that consist of product, price, promotion and place in order to revitalize PD

Dharma Jaya?s role with customers and employees perception. This research is using quantitative method with survey of 96 total samples and strenghten with

observation, open interview and in deepth intervew. Mann-Whitney U test is used to test customers and employees? difference perception. And the results show that there is difference perception between customers and employees about product, price, promotion and place proven by probability value 0,000 for each variables or below level of significance 0,050. With analysis result from questionaires, observation and interview with customers, employees and related parties, improvement of marketing mix is needed to support the role revitalization effort of PD Dharma Jaya as the member of Food Security Board in Special Capital Region of Jakarta that is achieving Regional Food Security as a particulary of National Resilience. This thesis is describe about marketing mix of PD Dharma Jaya's meat product that consist of product, price, promotion and place in order to revitalize PD Dharma Jaya?s role with customers and employees perception. This research is using quantitative method with survey of 96 total samples and strenghten with

observation, open interview and in deepth intervew. Mann-Whitney U test is used to test customers and employees difference perception. And the results show that there is difference perception between customers and employees about product, price, promotion and place proven by probability value 0,000 for each variables or below level of significance 0,050. With analysis result from questionaires, observation and interview with customers, employees and related parties, improvement of marketing mix is needed to support the role revitalization effort of PD Dharma Jaya as the member of Food Security Board in Special Capital Region of Jakarta that is achieving Regional Food Security as a particulary of National Resilience.;This thesis is describe about marketing mix of PD Dharma Jaya’s meat product that consist of product, price, promotion and place in order to revitalize PD Dharma Jaya’s role with customers and employees perception. This research is using quantitative method with survey of 96 total samples and strenghten with observation, open interview and in deepth intervew. Mann-Whitney U test is used to test customers and employees’ difference perception. And the results show that there is difference perception between customers and employees about product, price, promotion and place proven by probability value 0,000 for each variables or below level of significance 0,050. With analysis result from questionaires, observation and interview with customers, employees and related parties, improvement of marketing mix is needed to support the role revitalization effort of PD Dharma Jaya as the member of Food Security Board in Special Capital Region of Jakarta that is achieving Regional Food Security as a particulary of National Resilience.;This thesis is describe about marketing mix of PD Dharma Jaya’s meat product

that consist of product, price, promotion and place in order to revitalize PD

Dharma Jaya’s role with customers and employees perception. This research is

using quantitative method with survey of 96 total samples and strenghten with

observation, open interview and in deepth intervew. Mann-Whitney U test is used

to test customers and employees’ difference perception. And the results show that

there is difference perception between customers and employees about product,

price, promotion and place proven by probability value 0,000 for each variables

or below level of significance 0,050. With analysis result from questionaires,

observation and interview with customers, employees and related parties,

improvement of marketing mix is needed to support the role revitalization effort of

PD Dharma Jaya as the member of Food Security Board in Special Capital

Region of Jakarta that is achieving Regional Food Security as a particulary of

National Resilience., This thesis is describe about marketing mix of PD Dharma Jaya’s meat product

that consist of product, price, promotion and place in order to revitalize PD

Dharma Jaya’s role with customers and employees perception. This research is

using quantitative method with survey of 96 total samples and strenghten with

observation, open interview and in deepth intervew. Mann-Whitney U test is used

to test customers and employees’ difference perception. And the results show that

there is difference perception between customers and employees about product,

price, promotion and place proven by probability value 0,000 for each variables

or below level of significance 0,050. With analysis result from questionaires,

observation and interview with customers, employees and related parties,

improvement of marketing mix is needed to support the role revitalization effort of

PD Dharma Jaya as the member of Food Security Board in Special Capital

Region of Jakarta that is achieving Regional Food Security as a particulary of

National Resilience.]"

"Kabupaten Karawang telah ditetapkan sebagai daerah pengembangan kawasan industri dimana hal ini berdampak kepada alih fungsi lahan pertanian pola hidup masyarakat dan modal sosial petani . Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan dua hal , pertama modal sosial terhadap ketahanan pangan petani dan kedua peran kepemimpinan seorang kepala daerah yang berorientasi pada ketahanan pangan di era industri yang dapat berpengaruh terhadap modal sosial petani di daerah tersebut . Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik wawancara mendalam dan studi literatur. Hasil analisis menemukan bahwa modal sosial petani di Kabupaten Karawang di era industri ini berada pada tingkatan yang relatif rendah baik dari segi norma yang bersifat informal, networking yang relatif terbatas dan kepercayaan yang belum tumbuh baik dari segi internal maupun eksternal sehingga hal ini berpengaruh terhadap ketahanan pangan dan tingkat kesejahteraan dari petani . Kepemimpinan Bupati Karawang dalam era industri menunjukkan adanya potensi upaya dukungan pada modal sosial petani yang diharapkan dapat mewujudkan ketahanan pangan. Hal ini dapat terus ditingkatkan dengan mengeluarkan kebijakan-kebijakan yang berorientasi pada peningkatan modal sosial petani.

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Karawang regency has been designated as a development of industrial areas where this has an impact to agricultural land conversion, lifestyle and social capital of farmers. This study describes two things, first is social capital of farmers and the leadership role of a regent oriented food security in the industrial era can affect the social capital of farmers . The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method by using indepth interviews and literature studies. The analysis finds that social capital of farmers in Karawang regency are at relatively low levels both in terms of norms that are informal, networking is relatively limited and trust that has not been grown in the internal and external so that it affects the food security and the welfare of farmers. Karawang Regent in the industrial era suggest the potential for supportive efforts on social capital of farmers who are expected to achieve food security. This can be improved by issuing policies oriented to build the social capital of farmers. "

"Ketahanan pangan merupakan bagian dari ketahanan ekonomi yang mendukung ketahanan nasional. Ketidakmampuan untuk mencapai ketahanan pangan disebut sebagai kerawanan pangan. Angka Rawan Pangan (ARP) tertinggi berada pada kawasan Maluku Papua. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengukur tingkat kerawanan pangan rumah tangga berdasarkan Angka Kecukupan Gizi (AKG) dan Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) di kawasan Maluku Papua, menganalisis model risiko atas kerawanan pangan rumah tangga tersebut, dan menyusun strategi pengendalian risiko atas kerawanan pangan rumah tangga tersebut. Data yang digunakan merupakan Data Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) Maret 2018 yang diselenggarakan oleh BPS. Tingkat kerawanan rumah tangga di kawasan Maluku Papua menurut AKG pada kategori sangat rawan pangan sebesar 26,2 persen dan pada kategori rawan pangan sebesar 28,2 persen, sedangkan menurut FIES pada kategori rawan pangan berat sebesar 2,1 persen dan pada kategori rawan pangan sedang sebesar 10,7 persen. Risiko kerawanan rumah tangga berdasarkan AKG secara signifikan meningkat pada usia KRT yang lebih muda, jenis kelamin KRT laki-laki, jenis pekerjaan KRT pada selain sektor formal, KRT berstatus tidak bekerja, pendidikan KRT yang lebih rendah, tingkat pengeluaran rumah tangga yang lebih rendah, jumlah anggota rumah tangga yang lebih banyak, rumah tangga yang tidak memperoleh bantuan pangan, rumah tangga miskin, tinggal pada daerah perkotaan, dan tinggal pada daerah rawan pangan. Risiko kerawanan rumah tangga berdasarkan FIES di kawasan Maluku Papua secara signifikan meningkat pada usia KRT yang lebih muda, jenis kelamin KRT perempuan, jenis pekerjaan KRT pada selain sektor formal, KRT tidak bekerja, pendidikan KRT yang lebih rendah, tingkat pengeluaran rumah tangga yang lebih tinggi, rumah tangga yang memperoleh bantuan pangan, tinggal di daerah perkotaan, dan tinggal pada daerah rawan pangan. Upaya pengendalian risiko kerawanan pangan rumah tangga di kawasan Maluku Papua dapat dioptimalkan dengan pemberdayaan rumah tangga.

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Food security is a part of economic security which supports national security. Food security is the inability to achieve food security. The food insecurity rate in Maluku and Papua is the highest. The purposes of this study are to measure the level of household food insecurity based on Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) and Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) in Maluku and Papua, analyze the risk model of household food insecurity, and also develop a strategy for controlling risk of household food insecurity. This study uses Sosio-Economic National Survey (Susenas) Data by Statistics Indonesia on March 2018. According to RDA, the level of household most food insecurity is 26.2 percent and the level of household food insecurity is 28.2 percent. According to FIES, the level of household severe food insecurity is 2.1 percent and the level of household moderate food insecurity is 10.7 percent. The risk of household food insecurity based on RDA in Maluku and Papua significantly increases among the younger household head, male household head, household head who is not working in the formal sector, unemployment household head, lower level of household expenditure, bigger household size, household that do not receive food assistance, poor household, live in urban area, and live in food insecure areas. The risk of household food insecurity based on FIES in Maluku and Papua significantly increases among the younger household head, male household head, household head who is not working in the formal sector, unemployment household head, lower level of household expenditure, bigger household size, household that do not receive food assistance, poor household, live in urban area, and live in food insecure areas. The efforts to control the risk of household food insecurity in Maluku Papua can be optimized by household empowerment."

"Ketahanan pangan adalah salah satu aspek yang mendukung ketahanan nasional. Ketika individu atau rumah tangga tidak mampu memenuhi ketahanan pangannya maka terjadilah kerawanan pangan yang dapat menggangu stabilitas ekonomi dan nasional.  Tapin mengalami peningkatan penduduk miskin dan peningkatan rumah tidak layak huni di Kalimantan Selatan. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengukur kerawanan pangan rumah tangga tidak layak huni dan faktor yang mempengaruhinya di Kabupaten Tapin, Kalimantan Selatan. Pangan adalah kebutuhan mendasar yang harus selalu ada dan terus meningkat seiring dengan mengingkatnya jumlah penduduk. Analisis ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan model rasch, metode regresi ordinal dan menggunakan variabel moderator dengan analisis data yang deskriptif untuk menganalisis data penelitian. Penelitian ini berdasarkan pada skala kerawanan pangan (FIES) serta faktor demografi dan kemiskinan multidimensi yaitu Jumlah Anggota Keluarga (X1), Jenis Pekerjaan (X2), Pendapatan (X3), Pendidikan (X4), Kesehatan (X5), Bantuan (X6), dan Jenis Kelamin (X7). Hasil penelitian ini adalah, pada tingkat kerawanan pangan rumah tangga tidak layak huni berdasarkan FIES, terdapat 57% kerawanan pangan ringan, kerawanan pangan sedang ada 23% dan rumah tangga dengan tingkat kerawanan pangan berat ada 20%.

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Food security is one aspect that supports national security. When individuals or households are unable to fulfill their food security, food insecurity occurs which can disrupt economic and national stability. Tapin has experienced an increase in the number of poor people and an increase in uninhabitable houses in South Kalimantan. This study aims to analyze and measure the food insecurity of uninhabitable households and the factors that influence it in Tapin District, South Kalimantan. Food is a basic need that must always be available and continues to increase along with the increasing population. This analysis uses a quantitative approach using the Rasch model, ordinal regression method and using moderator variables with descriptive data analysis to analyze research data. This research is based on the food insecurity scale (FIES) and multidimensional demographic and poverty factors, namely the number of family members (X1), type of work (X2), income (X3), education (X4), health (X5), assistance (X6), and Gender (X7). The results of this study are, at the level of food insecurity in uninhabitable households based on FIES, there are 57% light food insecurity, moderate food insecurity is 23% and households with severe food insecurity are 20%."