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"Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 74-78The failure of endodontic treatment is commonly caused by errors in preoperative, operative and postoperative endodontic treatment. Inadequate final restoration of post-endodontic treatment would impact the success of the treatment. Loose restoration is an example of restoration failure caused by inadequate retention which leads to penetration of saliva along the root canal.This could dissolve the luting cement and cause microleakage to constantly reach the periradicular areas. lf neglecled, this situation will result in a periradicular lesion. Endodontic retreatment was performed to resolve the failing restoration. The restoration failed due to inadequate retention. The treatment was needed to prevent more problems to occur sometime in the future."

"Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 62-68An inadequate endodontic treatment may affect the root canat system and spread beyond its apical foramina that elicit periodontal tissue developing into abcess, granuloma and radicular cyst. Periapical lesions can be treated with non surgical endodontic treatment using calcium hydroxide dressing. This case study is reporting teeth 11 with periapical lesions and infection. Evidence of a clinical healing and radiographic assessments were followed by a non surgical endodontic therapy. Successful treatment outcome is related to the elimination of infection agents from the root canal. This can activate a stimulation zone to promote regeneration. Calcium hydroxide used as a root canal dressing may promote alkalinity at the adjacent tissue, create favourable enviromental condition in which hard tissue formation can occur, interfere the bactericidal activity, increase mineralization, and induce healing."