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Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah teh berpengaruh terhadap daya kelarutan email. Besar sampel bubuk email yang akan diteliti adalah 18, dan masing-masing sampel dibuat dari 5 lempeng email gigi premolar yang dicabut untuk keperluan perawatan meratakan gigi. Sebelum dihaluskan lempeng email dipisahkan secara acak menjadi 3 kelompok percobaan T1, T2, T3 dan 3 kelompok kontrol K1, K2, K3. Setiap kelompok ini dibagi lagi menjadi 3 kelompok kecil sebagai sampel yang masing-masing terdiri dari 5 lempeng email. Masing-masing sampel direndam 3x/hari 3 menit untuk kelompok T1 dan Kl direndam selama l minggu, kelompok T2 dan K2 direndam selama 2minggu, dan kelompok T3 dan K3 direndam selama 3 minggu. Sampel kelompok percobaan direndam teh, dan sampel kelompok kontrol direndam aquabidestilata Setelah proses perendaman selesai masing-masing sampel dihaluskan, dan diayak dengan kehalusan - 250 mesh, diambil seberat 500 mg, dan dititrasi dengan 100 ml asam asetat 0,01 mol/L pH 4. Bubuk email dari masing-masing sampel yang tidak larut setelah dititrasi disaring dengan kertas saring, dikeringkan dengan oven, dan ditimbang kembali. Data bubuk email yang larut dianalisis secara statistik untuk melihat kelarutan email. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna ( p

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Resin komposit merupakan material tumpat yang sensitif dan membutuhkan area kerja yang kering. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek kontaminasi saliva dan darah setelah bonding terhadap kekuatan ikat geser resin komposit dengan email dan membandingkan beberapa metode pembersihan kontaminan. 25 spesimen gigi premolar dibagi ke dalam 5 kelompok berdasarkan tipe kontaminasi dan metode pembersihan kontaminan. Kelompok kontrol menunjukkan rerata kekuatan ikat tertinggi dan rerata nilai paling rendah terdapat pada kelompok kontaminasi darah-alkohol. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok kontaminasi saliva dan darah. Dapat disimpulkan, kontaminasi saliva dan darah setelah bonding menurunkan kekuatan ikat geser resin komposit dengan email.

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Composite resin is sensitive material that needs dry operative area. This study aimed to determine the effect of saliva and blood contamination after bonding on shear bond strength of composite resin to enamel and to compare several cleansing methods. 25 samples of human premolars were divided into 5 groups based on type of contamination and cleansing procedures. The highest bond strength was seen in control group, while group blood-alcohol showed the lowest bond strength. Significant differences were seen between control group, compared to contamination groups. In conclusion, contamination of saliva and blood after bonding decreased the shear bond strength of composite resin to enamel.

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Tingginya permintaan akan restorasi estetik, membuat pentingnya kontrol kontaminasi membutuhkan perhatian khusus karena komposit sensitif terhadap kontaminasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek dari kontaminasi sarung tangan, darah, dan saliva terhadap kekuatan tekan resin komposit nanohybrid. 24 spesimen dikelompokkan secara acak ke dalam empat kelompok berdasarkan tipe kontaminasi. Hasil nilai rerata dan standar deviasi (MPa) dari setiap grup adalah Grup 1= 151.57±17.97, Grup 2= 159.94±18.55, Grup 3= 134.91±25.53, Grup 4= 151.72±17.34. Secara statistik, tidak ada perbedaan secara signifikan (p>0.05) pada nilai kekuatan tekan di semua kelompok. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kontaminasi sarung tangan, darah, dan saliva tidak mempengaruhi kekuatan tekan resin komposit nanohybrid.

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Due to highly demand of aesthetic restorations, the importance of contamination control needs a special concern since composites are sensitive to contamination. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of gloves, blood, and saliva contamination on the compressive strength of nanohybrid composite resin. 24 specimens were randomly divided into four groups based on the type of contamination. The mean and standard deviation values (MPa) for compressive strength were Group 1= 151.57±17.97, Group 2= 159.94±18.55, Group 3= 134.91±25.53, Group 4= 151.72±17.34. All groups did not show statistically significant difference (p>0.05) in the compressive strength. In conclusion, gloves, blood, and saliva contamination do not affect the compressive strength of nanohybrid composite resin.

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Latar belakang: Ketahanan ikatan antara resin komposit dengan dentin merupakan penentu keberhasilan restorasi resin komposit. Tujuan: Menganalisis EBA terhadap kekuatan ikat resin-dentin. Metode: 48 sampel dentin dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok. Kemudian seluruh kelompok di ukur kekuatan ikat gesernya menggunakan UTM. Data dianalisa statistik dengan uji hipotesis Kruskal Wallis yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Mann Whitney. Hasil: Median tertinggi kelompok 3, sedangkan median terendah kelompok 5. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak biji anggur yang diaplikasikan sebelum etsa dapat meningkatkan kekuatan ikat gesek namun tidak dapat menghambat biodegradasinya.ABSTRACT
Background: Resilience of resin-dentin bonding known as one of success composite resin restoration determinants. Aim: To analyze the effect of grape seed extract on resin-dentin shear bond strength. Methods: 48 dentin sample were divided into 6 groups. Shear bond strengths measured using UTM. Statistical analysis was done by Kruskal Wallis test and Mann Whitney test. Results: The highest median value was highest on group 3, and the lowest was group 5. Conclusion: Grape seed extract can improve the shear bond strength but not have effect on reducing the biodegradation. ;Background: Resilience of resin-dentin bonding known as one of success composite resin restoration determinants. Aim: To analyze the effect of grape seed extract on resin-dentin shear bond strength. Methods: 48 dentin sample were divided into 6 groups. Shear bond strengths measured using UTM. Statistical analysis was done by Kruskal Wallis test and Mann Whitney test. Results: The highest median value was highest on group 3, and the lowest was group 5. Conclusion: Grape seed extract can improve the shear bond strength but not have effect on reducing the biodegradation.

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Latar Belakang: MTA bersifat biokompatibel dan dapat digunakan untuk perawatan kaping pulpa. Saat ini dikembangkan semen berbasis kalsium silikat sama seperti MTA dengan penambahan steroid, yaitu Odontocem. Tujuan:Membandingkan efek toksisitas odontocem dan MTA-Angelus terhadap viabilitas sel fibroblas. Metode:Sel fibroblast embrio ayam direndam dalam larutan odontocemdan dan MTA-Angeluspada 24 dan 72 jam. Viabilitas sel dihitung menggunakanMTT Assay. Hasil:Pada kelompok odontcemdan MTA-Angelus, terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p≤0,05 ) dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Pada paparan 24 jam, tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara odontocem dengan MTA-Angelus. Kesimpulan:Odontocem dan dan MTA-Angelus menurunkan viabilitas sel pada 24 jam dan meningkatkan pada 72 jam.ABSTRACT
Background:MTA is proved tobe biocompatible and can be used for pulp capping treatment.Currently, calcium silicate based cement similar to MTA with steroid,called Odontocem has been developed.Objective:To compare effects of odontocem and MTA-Angelus toxicity towards fibroblast cells viability.Method:Fibroblast cells of chicken embryonic were immersed separately in odontocem and MTA-Angelus solution for 24 and 72 hours.Cells viability was analyzed with MTT Assay.Result:There was a significant difference (p>0.05) in Odontocem and MTA-Angelus group compared to control.At the24-hour immersion, there was nosignificant difference between odontocem and MTA-Angelus.Conclusion:Odontocem and MTA-Angelus decreased the viability of fibroblast at 24 hours and increased them at 72 hours.;Background:MTA is proved tobe biocompatible and can be used for pulp capping treatment.Currently, calcium silicate based cement similar to MTA with steroid,called Odontocem has been developed.Objective:To compare effects of odontocem and MTA-Angelus toxicity towards fibroblast cells viability.Method:Fibroblast cells of chicken embryonic were immersed separately in odontocem and MTA-Angelus solution for 24 and 72 hours.Cells viability was analyzed with MTT Assay.Result:There was a significant difference (p>0.05) in Odontocem and MTA-Angelus group compared to control.At the24-hour immersion, there was nosignificant difference between odontocem and MTA-Angelus.Conclusion:Odontocem and MTA-Angelus decreased the viability of fibroblast at 24 hours and increased them at 72 hours.;Background:MTA is proved tobe biocompatible and can be used for pulp capping treatment.Currently, calcium silicate based cement similar to MTA with steroid,called Odontocem has been developed.Objective:To compare effects of odontocem and MTA-Angelus toxicity towards fibroblast cells viability.Method:Fibroblast cells of chicken embryonic were immersed separately in odontocem and MTA-Angelus solution for 24 and 72 hours.Cells viability was analyzed with MTT Assay.Result:There was a significant difference (p>0.05) in Odontocem and MTA-Angelus group compared to control.At the24-hour immersion, there was nosignificant difference between odontocem and MTA-Angelus.Conclusion:Odontocem and MTA-Angelus decreased the viability of fibroblast at 24 hours and increased them at 72 hours.;Background:MTA is proved tobe biocompatible and can be used for pulp capping treatment.Currently, calcium silicate based cement similar to MTA with steroid,called Odontocem has been developed.Objective:To compare effects of odontocem and MTA-Angelus toxicity towards fibroblast cells viability.Method:Fibroblast cells of chicken embryonic were immersed separately in odontocem and MTA-Angelus solution for 24 and 72 hours.Cells viability was analyzed with MTT Assay.Result:There was a significant difference (p>0.05) in Odontocem and MTA-Angelus group compared to control.At the24-hour immersion, there was nosignificant difference between odontocem and MTA-Angelus.Conclusion:Odontocem and MTA-Angelus decreased the viability of fibroblast at 24 hours and increased them at 72 hours.

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Latar belakang: Ketahanan ikatan resin komposit-dentin merupakan salah satu penentu keberhasilan restorasi resin komposit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis efek klorheksidin terhadap degradasi kekuatan ikat resin kompositdentin. Metode: Dua puluh empat sampel dentin yang diambil dari mahkota gigi premolar, dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok yang diberikan perlakuan berbeda. Kelompok I diberi perlakuan bahan bonding tanpa klorheksidin, kelompok II diberi perlakuan klorheksidin dan bonding, kelompok III diberi perlakuan bonding mengandung klorheksidin, pada tiap kelompok dibagi menjadi 2 sub-kelompok yaitu kelompok tanpa direndam dan kelompok yang direndam NaOCl 10% selama satu jam, sehingga didapat enam sub-kelompok. Kemudian seluruh kelompok di ukur kekuatan ikat gesernya menggunakan Universal Testing Machine. Satu sampel dari setiap sub-kelompok dilakukan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Data dianalisa statistik dengan uji hipotesis Kruskal Wallis yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Mann-Whitney. Hasil: rerata kekuatan ikat geser sebelum perendaman NaOCl 10% tertinggi kelompok I sedangkan rerata kekuatan ikat geser setelah perendaman NaOCl 10% tertinggi pada kelompok III. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok I terhadap kelompok II dan antara kelompok II terhadap kelompok III. Kesimpulan: Klorheksidin mempunyai efek terhadap pengurangan degradasi kekuatan ikat geser resin komposit-dentin.

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ABSTRACT
Background: Resilience of composite resin-dentin bonding known as one of success composite resin restoration determinants. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of chlorhexidine on reducing the degradation of composite resin-dentin shear bond strength. Methods: Twenty-four premolar crowns were divided into three groups then given different treatments. Group I was treated material bonding without chlorhexidine, group II was treated with chlorhexidine and bonding, group III was treated with chlorhexidine-contained bonding. Each group was divided into two sub-groups: the group without immersion of NaOCl 10% and the group with immersion of NaOCl 10% for one hour, then it were obtained six sub-groups. After twenty-four hours, shear bond strengths measured using Universal Testing Machine. A sample of each group was photographed with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Statistical analysis was done by Kruskal Wallis test, then followed by Mann Whitney test to determine significance between groups. Results: The mean value of shear bond strength before immersion of NaOCl 10% was highest on Group I, while the mean value of shear bond strength after immersion of NaOCl 10% was highest on Group III. There are significant differences between Group I with Group II and between Group II with Group III. Conclusion: Chlorhexidine have an effect on reducing the degradation of shear bond strength of resin-dentin bonding

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Latar Belakang Instrumen rotasi kontinyumemiliki banyak kekurangansehingga dikembangkan instrumen resiprokal Tujuan penelitian iniadalahmembandingkan kehalusan dinding sepertiga apikal saluran akarmenggunakan instrumen rotasi kontinyu dan resiprokal Metode Tiga puluh duapremolar pertama mandibula dibagi menjadi Kelompok 1 preparasi saluran akarmenggunakan instrumen rotasi kontinyu dan Kelompok 2 preparasi saluran akarmenggunakan instrumen resiprokal Kemudian kehalusan diukur dengan surfaceroughness tester Analisis data menggunakan uji T tidak berpasangan Hasil Tidak terdapat perbedaaan bermakna antara kedua kelompok p 0 739 Kesimpulan Dinding sepertiga apikal saluran akar yang dipreparasi denganinstrumen kontinyudanresiprokalmempunyai tingkat kehalusan yang sama

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ABSTRACT
Therefore reciprocal instruments have been developed The aim was to comparethe root canal wall smoothness at the apical third between continuous rotation andreciprocal instruments Methods Thirty two mandibular first premolars weredivided into Group 1 continuous rotation instruments preparation Group 2 reciprocal instruments preparation The smoothness was measured using surfaceroughness tester The data was analyzed using independent T test Result Thedifference between groups were not statistically significant p 0 739 Conclusion Continuous rotation and reciprocal instruments have no difference inthe root canal wall smoothness at the apical third

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Latar Belakang: Penelitian mengenai pengaruh pelebaran korona saluran akar terhadap tingkat ketepatan apex locator hanya sedikit. Tujuan: Membandingkan ketepatan lokasi foramen apikalis pada dua tipe apex locator dan menilai pengaruh pelebaran koronal saluran akar. Metode: Panjang kerja 16 gigi premolar satu mandibula diukur secara visual, menggunakan dua jenis apex locator saat sebelum dan setelah dilakukan pelebaran korona saluran akar. Hasil: Berbeda bermakna ketepatan pada tiap jenis apex locator setelah dilakukan pelebaran korona, namun tidak berbeda bermakna pada keduanya setelah pelebaran koronal saluran akar. Kesimpulan: pelebaran korona saluran akar meningkatkan ketepatan apex locator mengukur lokasi foramen apikalis.

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Background: Only a few studies on the effect of coronal preflaring to the accuracy of apex locator. Objective: To compare the accuracy of two types of apex locators and evaluate the influence of coronal preflaring in them. Method: working length of sixteen first mandibular bicuspids were measured visually, using two types apex locator at before and after coronal preflaring. Result: statistically significant of two type apex locators at before and after coronal preflaring, no statistically significant at both types after coronal preflaring. Conclusion: coronal preflaring will increase the accuracy of apex locator in locating the apical foramen.

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Latar Belakang: Ekstrak biji anggur (GSE) mengandung 74-78% proantosianidin yang berfungsi sebagai pengikat silang kolagen. Tujuan: menganalisis kemampuan GSE sebagai larutan irigasi saluran akar dalam membersihkan smear layer pada daerah sepertiga apeks. Metode: lima puluh gigi dibagi menjadi lima kelompok. Kelompok 1 meggunakan aquades, kelompok 2 menggunakan GSE 3.25%, kelompok 3 menggunakan GSE 6.5%, kelompok 4 menggunakan GSE 13% dan kelompok 5 menggunakan EDTA 17%. Kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan tingkat kebersihan sepertiga apeks menggunakan SEM dan diberi skor. Analisis data menggunakan uji kolmogorov-smirnov. Hasil: Skor 0 terbanyak pada GSE 13% (40%), skor 1 terbanyak pada GSE 6.5% (70%) dan skor 2 terbanyak pada aquades (80%). Kesimpulan: Larutan ekstrak biji anggur mempunyai potensi dapat membersihkan smear layer pada daerah sepertiga apeks dinding saluran akar. ......Background: Grape seed extract (GSE) consisting of 74-78% proanthocyanidin, is a cross linking agent. Purpose: investigate the ability of GSE in removing smear layer on apical third of root canal wall. Materials and Method: fifty five extracted incisors were divided into 5 groups. Grup 1 used aquadest, group 2 used 3.25% GSE, group 3 used 6.5% GSE, group 4 used 13% GSE and group 5 used 17% EDTA. The cleanliness of smear layer were evaluated by SEM and scored. The data were analyzed using kolmogorov-smirnov test. Results: Score 0 maximum in group GSE 13% (40%), score 1 maximum in group GSE 6.5% (70%) and score 2 maximum in group aquadest (80%). Conclusion: Grape seed extract solution has a potential to remove smear layer on apical third of root canal wall.

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Tesis ini membahas mengenai bagaimana tingkatan sensualitas pada suatu iklan yang dicerminkan dalam high, medium, dan low sensuality serta penggunaan model sensual tunggal (single) dan berpasangan (couple) berpengaruh pada variabel-variabel yang mengacu pada cognitive response model yang terdiri dari variabel source thought, message thought, ad execution thought, attitude toward brand (Ab), attitude toward ad (Ad), dan purchase intention. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen yang dilakukan dengan pemisahan kelompok melalui factorial design 3x2 (tiga tingkat sensualitas dan dua jenis penggunaan model). Dengan jumlah total responden 210 responden yang keseluruhannya adalah wanita dengan 35 reponden pada masing-masing sel, diketahui adanya perbedaan rata-rata yang signifikan terhadap Ab, Ad, dan minat beli dengan keterangan bahwa semakin rendah tingkat sensualitas maka semakin tinggi rata-rata yang diperoleh untuk ketiga variabel tersebut. Sementara itu untuk hasil perbandingan rata-rata antara model single dan couple banyak variabel yang dinyatakan tidak berbeda secara signifikan. Hal ini dikarenakan penggunaan model mengarah pada bagian dari source yang merupakan variabel kognitif. Sementara itu diketahui bahwa pengaruh variabel-variabel kognitif terhadap variabel sikap tidak mempunyai pengaruh yang cukup besar apabila dibandingkan pengaruh sikap terhadap minat beli untuk kasus iklan dengan sensual appeals menurut sudut pandang wanita. ......This research discusses how the sensuality level in an advertisement which is reflected in high, medium, and low sensuality along with the utilization of single and couple sensual model affects the variables, which refer to cognitive response model consisting of source thought, message thought, ad execution thought, attitude toward brand (Ab), attitude toward ad (Ad), and purchase intention. This is an experimental research which is applying group separation through factorial design 3x2 (three levels of sensuality and two types of model utilization). After receiving answers from 35 respondents in each cell, the research found that there is an average significant difference toward Ab, Ad, and purchase intention, with additional information that the lower the sensuality levels, the higher the average value to the three variables mentioned above. Furthermore, the comparison between the single and couple model shows that there are many variables which are not significantly different. This is caused by the model utilization which is directed to the source part which is a cognitive variable. In addition, the research also shows that there is no significant effect of the cognitive variables toward attitude variable, comparing to the effect toward purchase intention for the case of sensual appeals advertisement in woman's point of view.