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Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengusulkan indikator penilaian kinerja pada unit pengelola data pasang surut di Badan Informasi Geospasial. Konsep penerapan manajemen risiko sebagai indikator penilaian kinerja dapat dilakukan dengan mengintegrasikan manajemen risiko dan manajemen kinerja melalui tiga tahap yaitu analisis lingkungan internal dan eksternal, penilaian risiko dan penentuan indikator penilaian kinerja. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian studi kasus menggunakan teknik analisis kualitatif deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kuesioner dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa risiko proses ataupun key risk indicator yang terdeteksi dalam penilaian risiko dapat dijadikan indikator penilaian kinerja yang memenuhi kriteria spesific, measurable, achievable, relevant, dan time phase. Hasil penelitian menghasilkan beberapa indikator penilaian kinerja yang telah terintegrasi dengan manajemen risiko yang dapat membantu organisasi sektor publik meningkatkan kinerja, meningkatkan nilai maturitas SPIP dan nilai Manajemen Risiko Indeks (MRI). ......This study aims to propose the formulation of key performance indicators that have been integrated with risk management in the tidal data management unit at Badan Informasi Geospasial. The concept of implementing risk management as key performance indicators can be carried out by integreting risk management and performance management through three stages, namely analysis of the internal and external environment, risk assessment and determination of key performance indicators. The research method used is a case study research method using descriptive qualitative analysis techniques. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires and interviews. The results of the study show that process risk or key risk indicators detected in risk assessment can be used as key performance indicators that meet specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time phase criteria. The results of the study produce several key performance indicators that have been integrated with risk management which can help public sector organizations improve performance, increase the value of Government Internal Control System maturity level and Risk Management Index. 

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak covid-19 terhadap dampak penentuan risk appetite pada PT XYZ. Perusahaan merupakan sebuah UMKM yang melakukan usaha di bidang olahraga air di daerah pariwisata. Analisa dilakukan dengan menggunakan teori Quail (2012) mengenai risk appetite. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan studi kasus pada PT XYZ. Data penelitian bersumber dari wawancara yang dilakukan kepada para narasumber yang memiliki peran dalam proses operasional di PT XYZ. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis naratif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas dari pegawai di PT XYZ tidak memahami apa itu risk appetite sehingga proses pengambilan keputusan yang dilakukan hanya berdasarkan kebiasaan (pengetahuan) yang ada (memiliki asumsi bahwa risiko dan selera risiko sama). Level of risk appetite terbagi dalam delapan aspek (aspek keamanan, aspek pelanggan, aspek lingkungan, aspek perkembangan usaha, aspek pengembalian pada shareholder, aspek citra perusahaan, aspek hubungan karyawan, dan aspek inovasi teknikal) dan lima level penentuan sesuai dengan yang dikemukakan oleh teori Quail (2012), yang menghasilkan bahwa rata – rata level of risk appetite PT XYZ di masa sebelum pandemi adalah di level 3 (aspek keamanan, aspek perkembangan keuangan dan aspek hubungan karyawan) dan rata – rata level of risk appetite di masa pandemi ada di level 1 (aspek lingkungan, aspek pengembalian pada shareholder, dan aspek citra perusahaan). Perbedaan level ini dikarenakan terjadinya perubahan yang cukup signifikan pada aspek yang dianggap penting bagi perusahaan sehingga mengakibatkan turunnya level risiko PT XYZ dimasa pandemi menjadi level 1. ......This study aims to analyze the impact of Covid-19 on determining risk appetite at PT XYZ. The company is an SME that does business in the field of water sports in tourism areas. The analysis was carried out using Quail's theory regarding risk appetite levels. This type of research is descriptive qualitative with a case study at PT XYZ. The research data comes from interviews conducted with informants who have a role in the operational process at PT XYZ. This study uses narrative analysis. The results of this study indicate that most employees at PT XYZ do not understand risk appetite, so the decision-making process is carried out only based on existing habits (knowledge) (having the assumption that risk and risk appetite are the same). The level of risk appetite are divided into eight aspects (security aspect, customer aspect, environmental aspect, business development aspect, return to shareholder aspect, corporate image aspect, employee relations aspect, and technical innovation aspect) and five levels are determined according to what is proposed by the theory. Quail (2012), which results that the average level of risk appetite for PT XYZ before the pandemic was at level 3 (security aspects, aspects of financial development, and aspects of employee relations) and the average level of risk appetite during the pandemic was at level 1 (environmental aspects, returns to shareholders, and corporate image aspects). This level difference is due to significant changes in aspects that are considered important for the company, resulting in a reduction in PT XYZ's risk level during the pandemic to level 1.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji standar akuntansi nasional pada periode sebelum dan sesudah konvergensi IFRS untuk menentukan apakah standar tersebut menjadi bersifat lebih principles-based. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa jumlah karakteristik rules-based meningkat signifikan pada standar akuntansi nasional Hong Kong, Malaysia, Indonesia dan Singapura pada periode 1999-2013. Perbandingan antara tingkat karakteristik rules-based pada standar akuntansi nasional dan IFRS menunjukkan bahwa standar di Indonesia, Malaysia, dan Singapura tidak berbeda signifikan dengan IFRS. Hong Kong, dilain pihak, memiliki tingkat karakteristik rules-based yang lebih tinggi secara signifikan dibandingkan IFRS.Pengujian empiris menunjukkan bahwa terdapat asosiasi positif antara standar yang bersifat principles-based dan manajemen laba akrual. Asosiasi positif ini melemah ketika perusahaan diaudit oleh auditor yang berkualitas tinggi. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa manajemen laba riil dengan menggunakan aktivitas produksi atau kombinasi pengeluaran SGA dan aktivitas produksi menjadi lebih tinggi dalam konteks standar yang bersifat rules-based. Auditor yang berkualitas tinggi tidak berpengaruh terhadap keputusan manajemen untuk menggunakan manajemen laba riil dalam konteks standar yang bersifat rules-based. Manajemen laba akrual tidak berbeda signifikan pada tingkat proteksi investor yang berbeda ketika standar akuntansi bersifat principles-based.Tingkat proteksi investor memperkuat dampak standar rules-based terhadap keputusan manajemen untuk menggunakan aktivitas produksi atau kombinasi pengeluaran SGA dan aktivitias produksi untuk mencapai target laba.

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The objective of this study is to examine national accounting standards prior to and after IFRS convergence to determine whether those standards are moving towards relatively more principles based standards. The results indicate that the number of rules based characteristics contained in the national standards of Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore increases significantly in the period of 1999 through 2013. Comparison of the level of rules based characteristics between national standards and IFRS reveals that the level of rules based characteristics contained in the standards of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore is not significantly different from those of IFRS. Hong Kong, however, has significantly more rules based characteristics compared to IFRS.Empirical tests show that there is a positive association between principles based standards and accruals earnings management method. This positive association is weaker in firms audited by high quality auditors compared to firms audited by low quality auditors. With regard to real earnings management, this study provides evidence of higher real earnings management using production activities or a combination of SGA expenditures and production activities in the context of relatively more rules based standards. However, high quality auditors does not influence managers rsquo tendency to engage more in real earnings management as the accounting standards become relatively more rules based. Accruals earnings management are not significantly different for firms operating in strong versus weak investor protection as the accounting standards get relatively more principles based.In contrast, evidence on the incremental effect of investor protection regime on firms real earnings management is found on real earnings management through production activities or a combination of SGA expenditures and production activities.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan meneliti dampak penerapan IFRS instrumen keuangan terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan bank-bank di Indonesia. Kualitas laporan keuangan ditinjau dari dimensi kualitas informasi akuntansi dan pengungkapan instrumen keuangan. Dampak penerapan IFRS instrumen keuangan ditinjau dari kegunaan informasi akuntansi instrumen keuangan terhadap efektifitas market discipline.  Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi literatur tentang dampak penerapan standar akuntansi instrumen keuangan di industri keuangan dalam konteks negara berkembang.  Sampel yang digunakan adalah 64 bank  yang terdaftar dan  tidak terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI)  dengan periode penelitian 2007-2013. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terjadi penurunan sebagian dimensi kualitas relevansi informasi akuntansi  setelah penerapan IFRS instrumen keuangan. Namun di sisi lain terjadi peningkatan dimensi kualitas informasi akuntansi pada dimensi reliability dan relevansi risiko (pasar) laba komprehensif.  Penerapan IFRS instrumen keuangan terbukti menurunkan manajemen laba melalui loan loss provision namun demikian penurunan manajemen laba ini tidak diikuti oleh peningkatan kemampuan prediktabilitas loan loss provision. Hasil pengujian dengan moderasi mekanisme monitoring menunjukan penerapan IFRS instrumen keuangan terbukti mengurangi efek negatif dari kepemilikan terkonsentrasi terhadap sebagian besar dimensi kualitas informasi akuntansi. Hasil pengujian juga menunjukan pengungkapan instrumen keuangan bedasarkan IFRS berpengaruh positif terhadap kualitas informasi loan loss provision dalam laporan keuangan bank. Hasil pengujian dampak penerapan IFSR instrumen keuangan dari perspektif stakeholder utama bank (deposan/kreditor) menunjukan penerapan IFRS instrumen keuangan terbukti berpengaruh positif terhadap market discipline di perbankan di Indonesia ex ante dan expost.  Penerapan IFRS instrumen keuangan meningkatkan transparansi risiko bank-bank di Indonesia sehingga meningkatkan kemampuan stakeholder bank yaitu deposan, creditor, dan regulator dalam memonitor tingkat risiko yang diambil bank. Bank menjadi lebih hati-hati dalam pengambilan risiko dan menjaga tingkat capital buffer nya pada tingkat yang lebih memadai dibandingkan sebelum penerapan IFRS instrumen keuangan. Kualitas loan loss provision dan pengungkapan instrumen keuangan terbukti meningkatkan efektifitas market discipline di perbankan Indonesia. Hal ini menunjukan keandalan (reliability) informasi akuntansi dan pengungkapan instrumen keuangan berdasarkan IFRS berperan dalam berjalannya market discipline di perbankan di Indonesia.

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ABSTRACT
This paper studies the impact of IFRS for financial instruments implementation on the quality of financial statements of banks in Indonesia. The impact of IFRS for financial instruments is viewed from the usefulness of financial instrument accounting information to the effectiveness of market discipline in Indonesian banking industry. This study contributes the literature on the impact of applying financial instrument accounting standards in the financial industry in the context of developing countries. This study used a sample of 64 banks from 2007-2013. The results of the study showed a decrease in the quality of accounting information on some dimension of relevance after the application of IFRS financial instruments. On the other hand, there is an increase in the quality of accounting information on the dimensions of reliability and risk relevance of comprehensive profits (market risk). IFRS for financial instruments implementation has proven to reduce earnings management through loan loss provision. However, the decline in earnings management is not followed by an increase in predictability of loan loss provision.  The implementation of IFRS for financial instruments has proven to reduce the negative effects of concentrated ownership on most dimensions of accounting information quality. Disclosure of financial instruments has a positive effect on the quality of loan loss provision information. The result also shows the implementation of IFRS for financial instrument positively effects market discipline in Indonesian banking, ex ante and ex post. The implementation of IFRS for financial instruments increases the risk transparency of banks in Indonesia, thereby increasing the capability of bank stakeholders, namely depositors, creditors, and regulators in monitoring the level of risk taken by banks. Banks are becoming more cautious in taking risks and maintaining their capital buffer levels at a more adequate level than before the implementation of IFRS for financial instruments. The quality of loan loss provision information and the disclosure of financial instruments proved to increase the effectiveness of market discipline in Indonesian banking. This results shows the reliability of accounting information and disclosure of financial instruments based on IFRS play a role in the effectiveness of market discipline in Indonesia banking industry

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan bukti empiris terkait pengaruh penerapan sistem pengendalian manajemen (SPM) dan enterprise risk management (ERM) terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan. SPM dan ERM merupakan dua sistem yang memiliki tujuan untuk meningkatkan kinerja. Rancangan SPM harus mempertimbangkan risiko yang dihadapi perusahaan yang akan berdampak pada kinerjanya. Risiko harus dikelola dalam ERM karena berkaitan dengan pengambilan keputusan keuangan dan pengendalian manajemen. Penelitian terhadap penerapan kedua sistem tersebut diharapkan dapat memberikan bukti bahwa penerapan yang efektif akan meningkatkan kinerja keuangan perusahaan. Kuesioner survei dibagikan kepada manajemen puncak dari berbagai perusahaan non-keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2019 menghasilkan 118 responden. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan model regresi OLS. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa penerapan SPM dan ERM berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan. Penggunaan levers of control yang baik dan efektif untuk mengimplementasikan SPM menghasilkan kinerja keuangan yang baik. Penerapan ERM melalui manajemen risiko yang efektif juga ditemukan dapat meningkatkan kinerja keuangan perusahaan. Secara terpisah, penerapan bersama SPM (Levers of Control) dan ERM ternyata berdampak positif terhadap peningkatan kinerja keuangan perusahaan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa SPM dan ERM saling mendukung dan melengkapi dalam meningkatkan kinerja keuangan perusahaan. ......This study aims to provide empirical evidence related to the effect of implementing a management control systems (MCS) and enterprise risk management (ERM) on company financial performance. Management Control System and Enterprise Risk Management are two systems that have the aim of improving performance. The design of an MCS must consider the risks facing the company that will impact its performance. Risk must be managed within the ERM system because it relates to financial decision-making and management control. Meanwhile, the contingency approach through environmental uncertainty, corporate culture, industry competition and the monitoring effectiveness of the board and audit committee is important to determine the effectiveness of MCS and ERM and their suitability to influence the company's financial performance. Research on both systems and their application using the contingency approach is expected to provide evidence that effective implementation will improve the company's financial performance. A survey questionnaire is distribute to the top management of various non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019 yielding 118 respondents. Hypothesis testing is conduct using the OLS simple regression and residual regression. The study find that the implementation of an MCS and ERM had a positive and significant effect on company financial performance. Indicating that the use good and effective levers of control to implement an MCS results in good financial performance. The implementation of ERM through effective risk management is also found to improve company financial performance. Separately, the joint implementation of MCS (Levers of Control) and ERM was found to have a positive effect on improving company financial performance. This finding demonstrates that MCS and ERM support and complement each other in improving company financial performance. However, testing the misfit of several contingency factors with MCS and ERM has not been able to affect the company's financial performance.

Abstrak :
Studi ini menguji relevansi nilai atas pengakuan dan pengungkapan nilai wajar aset tetap dan properti investasi. Relevansi nilai atas pengakuan diuji dengan membandingkan relevansi nilai atas nilai wajar properti investasi dengan aset tetap. Untuk aspek pengungkapan, selain menguji relevansi nilai pengungkapan nilai wajar aset tetap dan properti investasi secara umum, juga menguji relevansi nilai atas pengungkapan nilai wajar aset tetap dan properti investasi yang diukur oleh penilai independen dan manajemen. Selain itu, diuji pengaruh kualitas audit, praktik tata kelola perusahaan, dan karakteristik negara terhadap relevansi nilai atas pengakuan dan pengungkapan nilai wajar aset tetap dan properti investasi. Kualitas audit menggukanakan proksi ukuran auditor (Big 10). Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 6.660 observasi firm years pada 18 negara dengan kapitalisasi pasar modal terbesar pada kurun waktu 2011-2014. Pengujian dilakukan dengan metode regresi panel data (balanced panel). Studi ini menemukan bukti bahwa secara umum nilai wajar aset tetap dan properti investasi yang diukur oleh penilai independen memiliki relevansi nilai. Relevansi nilai atas nilai wajar properti investasi lebih tinggi dibandingkan aset tetap. Pada aspek pengakuan, kualitas audit, praktik tata kelola perusahaan, dan kualitas dan penegakan hukum terbukti meningkatkan relevansi nilai atas pengakuan nilai wajar aset tetap dan properti investasi. Berdasarkan hasil uji sensitivitas ditemukan bukti bahwa pengaruh Big 4 dan Second tier tidak berbeda dalam meningkatkan relevansi nilai tersebut. Pada aspek pengungkapan, nilai wajar aset tetap dan properti investasi tidak memiliki relevansi nilai, baik yang diukur oleh penilai independen maupun manajemen. Berdasarkan hasil uji sensitivitas, hanya pengungkapan nilai wajar aset tetap dan properti investasi yang diukur oleh penilai independen serta diaudit oleh Big 4 yang memiliki relevansi nilai.

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This study examines the value relevance of the recognition and disclosure of the fair value of fixed assets and investment properties. The value relevance of recognition is examined by comparing the value relevance of fair value of investment properties values with fixed assets. For the disclosure aspect, this study examines the value relevance of the disclosure of fair value of fixed assets and investment properties in general, and also examines the value relevance of the disclosure of the fair value of fixed assets and investment properties as measured by independent appraisers and management. In addition, this study also examines the effect of audit quality, corporate governance, and country-specific characteristics on the relevance of values for both recognition and disclosure of the fair value of fixed assets and investment properties. This study uses auditor size (Big 10) as the proxy of audit quality. The sample consisted of 6,660 firm-years of observations in 18 countries with the largest capital market capitalization during 2011-2014. Using the panel data regression method (balanced panel), the findings of the study reveal that in general fair value of fixed assets and investment properties as measured by independent appraisers are value relevant. The value relevance of the fair value of investment properties is higher than that of fixed assets. In recognition aspect, audit quality, corporate governance, the combination of regulatory quality and rule of law increase the value relevance of fair value of fixed assets and investment properties. Based on sensitivity test, this study found that the effect of Big 4 and Second Tier is not different in increasing that value relevance. In disclosure aspect, the disclosure of the fair value of fixed assets and investment properties are not value relevant, whether measured by independent appraisers or management. Based on the sensitivity test, only disclosure of fair value of fixed assets and investment properties as measured by independent appraisers and audited by Big 4 which are proven to be value relevant.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh strategi diversifikasi, tingkat penggunaan utang leverage , dan set kesempatan investasi IOS terhadap kinerja dan kualitas laba perusahaan multi segmen. Selain itu, akan diuji pula dampak keberadaan pelaporan segmen berdasarkan PSAK No.5 revisi 2000 dan kepemilikan keluarga terhadap hubungan antara strategi diversifikasi, leverage dan IOS terhadap kualitas laba perusahaan multi segmen. Pengukuran kinerja menggunakan excess value proksi kinerja pasar dan ROA proksi kinerja akuntansi . Kualitas laba diukur menggunakan manajemen laba akrual, manajemen laba transaksi riil dan koefisien respon laba. Ukuran tingkat diversifikasi menggunakan indeks herfindahl dan jumlah segmen perusahaan. Strategi diversifikasi terbagi atas diversifikasi related dan unrelated terhadap bisnis inti. Penelitian menggunakan sampel 120 perusahaan multi segmen 1320 firm years yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada periode 2000 ndash; 2010. Hasil uji menemukan semakin kecil jumlah segmen dan related dengan bisnis inti, semakin baik kinerja pasar dan kinerja akuntansi. Pengujian menemukan hubungan kuadratik antara strategi diversifikasi dan kinerja, yaitu bertambahnya jumlah segmen, setelah mencapai titik optimal tertentu akan menimbulkan efek diskon kepada nilai perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan strategi multi segmen tidak berpengaruh terhadap manajemen laba akrual, namun berpengaruh positif terhadap manajemen laba transaksi riil melalui diskresi biaya produksi dan arus kas operasi abnormal . Pilihan untuk melakukan manajemen laba transaksi riil dipengaruhi oleh peningkatan jumlah segmen dan tingkat penggunaan utang serta kesempatan investasi.Pelaporan segmen menurunkan manajemen laba akrual dan transaksi riil di perusahaan dengan IOS tinggi. Namun pelaporan segmen tidak mampu menekan praktik diskresi biaya produksi dan arus kas operasi di perusahaan dengan banyak utang. Hasil ini menunjukkan pelaporan segmen berperan meningkatkan kualitas laba perusahaan multi segmen dengan kesempatan pertumbuhan tinggi, namun tidak pada perusahaan dengan utang yang tinggi.Kepemilikan keluarga menekan manajemen laba akrual di perusahaan yang meningkat jumlah segmennya. Sebaliknya, pada perusahaan dengan IOS tinggi, kepemilikan keluarga justru dapat mendorong diskresi akrual. Sebagian bukti menunjukkan adanya respon positif pasar terhadap pelaporan segmen di perusahaan dengan tingkat utang yang meningkat, namun respon negatif pasar pada perusahaan dengan IOS tinggi dengan kepemilikan keluarga yang mendominasi. ...... This study examines the impact of diversification strategies, the level of use of debt leverage and the investment opportunity set IOS on the performance and earnings quality of diversified firms. This research also examines the impact of segment reporting based on PSAK 5 revised 2000 and family ownership as moderating factors of the relationship between diversification strategy, leverage and IOS on the earnings quality of multi-segment corporations. Performance measurements using excess value a proxy of market performance and ROA a proxy of accounting performance are also discussed. Earnings quality is measured by accrual earnings management, real earnings management and earnings response coefficients. Diversification level is measured by Herfindahl index and number of corporate segments. The diversification strategies in this study are divided into 2 groups, namely related and unrelated diversification. Samples of this study are 120 multi-segment companies 1,320 firm years listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange for an 11-year period from 2000 to 2010.The test results indicate that the smaller the number of segments related to the core business, the better the market performance and accounting performance. The study also indicates that there is a quadratic relationship between diversification strategy and performance, i.e. increasing the number of segments, after reaching a certain optimum point will discount the value of the company. The results of the study also find that multi-segment strategy does not affect the accrual earnings of the firm, but a positive effect on real earnings transactions via discretionary costs of production and abnormal operating cash flow . The option to perform transactions in real earnings management is significantly influenced by the increase in the number of segments and the level of debts as well as the use of investment opportunities set IOS .Segment-reporting reduce the accrual earnings management and real earnings management in companies with high IOS. However, the segment reporting is not able to reduce the practice of discretionary of production costs and operating cash flow of the company with high indebtedness level. These results indicate that the segment reporting take an active part in improving the earnings quality of multi-segment companies with high growth opportunity, instead of companies with high level of indebtedness. The family ownership able to reduce accrual earnings management in companise with higher number of segments. In contrast, in companies with high IOS, family ownership is actually able to encourage discretionary accruals. The are some evidence of a positive market response to the segment reporting in companies with increasingly indebtedness level , but indicate a negative response of market for family-ownership-dominated companies with high IOS.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh variabel makro, yaitu suku bunga, dan variabel mikro, yaitu investasi dan arus kas, terhadap persistensi laba pada 1.082 perusahaan non keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek negara ASEAN-5 (yaitu: Indonesia, Malaysia, Filipina, Thailand, dan Singapura) selama periode 2005-2015. Penelitian ini juga menguji melalui jalur mana mekanisme transmisi suku bunga dalam mempengaruhi persistensi laba. Hasil estimasi model dengan menggunakan Data Panel Dinamis (DPD) menunjukkan suku bunga berpengaruh negatif terhadap persistensi laba, investasi yang dilakukan perusahaan periode sekarang akan meningkatkan persistensi laba di periode berikutnya, dan arus kas perusahaan juga berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan persistensi laba perusahaan. Mekanisme transmisi suku bunga dalam mempengaruhi persistensi laba melalui jalur suku bunga (investasi) signifikan ketika pengujian menggunakan jeda waktu. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa suku bunga yang rendah dimanfaatkan oleh perusahaan untuk berinvestasi sehingga memperkuat pengaruh positif investasi terhadap persistensi laba di periode berikutnya. Hasil estimasi mekanisme transmisi melalui jalur arus kas signifikan yang berarti penurunan suku bunga semakin memperkuat pengaruh positif arus kas terhadap persistensi laba. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa arus kas dan persistensi laba sangat sensitif terhadap perubahan nilai suku bunga, sehingga suku bunga yang rendah dan stabil menjadi dibutuhkan. ...... This study examines the effect of macroeconomic variables (interest rates) and microeconomic variables (investment and cash flow), on earnings persistence on 1,082 non-financial companies listed in ASEAN-5 countries Stock Exchanges (i.e. Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Singapore) during the period 2005-2015. This study also examines the transmission mechanism of interest rates affects the earnings persistence. The estimation results of the model using the Dynamic Data Panel (DPD) show that interest rates as important macro variables have a negative effect on earnings persistence, the investment has a positive effect on earnings persistence with a time lag, and the company's cash flow also has a positive effect on earnings persistence. The transmission mechanism through interest rate (investment) is significant with a time lag. These results indicate that lowinterest rates areusedby companies to makeprofitable investments thereby the positive effect of investment on earnings persistence in the next period increases. The transmission mechanism through a cash flow is significant which means a decrease in interest rates further strengthens the positive effect of cash flow on earnings persistence. These results indicate that cash flow and earnings persistence are sensitive to changes in interest rates, thus the low and stable interest rates are preferred.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap IC disclosure di berbagai negara. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menguji pengaruh IC disclosure terhadap likuiditas saham dan nilai kapitalisasi pasar perusahaan dan perbedaan pengaruh IC disclosure terhadap likuiditas saham dan nilai kapitalisasi pasar perusahaan di berbagai negara. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada perusahaan sektor perbankan di 6 (enam) negara yaitu Indonesia, Malaysia, Hongkong, Taiwan, Singapura, dan Thailand. Lima negara tersebut memiliki struktur keuangan yang berbeda, ada yang market based dan ada yang bank based. Metode yang digunakan adalah regresi dengan pool data analysis. Beberapa kontribusi penelitian ini adalah: (i) menyajikan pendekatan baru dalam mengukur intellectual capital disclosure dengan cara memberikan skor atas item pengungkapan dengan mempertimbangkan bentuk, isi atau makna, keragaman dan volume informasi dari sebuah pengungkapan IC, (ii) menyajikan pengukuran baru untuk variabel karakteristik komite audit dan variabel independensi komisaris, (iii) menyajikan bukti empiris mengenai pengaruh IC disclosure terhadap likuiditas saham, (iv) menyajikan bukti empiris mengenai perbedaan dampak IC disclosure terhadap likuiditas saham dan nilai kapitalisasi pasar perusahaan di berbagai negara dengan struktur keuangan yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel CG indeks, karakteristik komite audit, usia listing, dan nilai kinerja IC perusahaan berpengaruh positif terhadap IC disclosure. Sementara itu, variabel konsentrasi kepemilikan berpengaruh negatif terhadap IC disclosure, dan variabel-variabel ukuran komisaris, independensi komisaris, kepemilikan institusional, profitabilitas, dan leverage perusahaan tidak berpengaruh terhadap IC disclosure. Hasil pengujian juga menunjukkan bahwa IC disclosure tidak berpengaruh terhadap likuiditas saham, namun struktur keuangan negara berpengaruh terhadap likuditas saham. Sementara itu, IC disclosure berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan baik ketika diukur dengan market capitalizations maupun market to book ratio. Hasil penelitian memberikan implikasi bahwa kondisi CG dan struktur keuangan negara merupakan variabel yang harus dipertimbangkan dalam penelitian mengenai IC disclosure. Selain itu, adanya respon pasar terhadap pengungkapan informasi IC memberikan implikasi bahwa perusahaan memiliki insentif untuk melakukan IC disclosure. Penegakan hukum dan praktik CG yang baik dapat mendorong perusahaan untuk melakukan pengungkapan informasi IC. Penelitian ini memiliki keterbatasan yang sekaligus merupakan peluang bagi penelitian selanjutnya yaitu pengukuran variabel IC disclosure belum memisahkan pengungkapan yang bersifat mandatory dan voluntary. ...... This study aims to examine the factors that influence IC disclosure in various countries. In addition, this study also examines the effect of IC disclosure on stock liquidity and the value of the company's market capitalization and the difference in the effect of IC disclosure on stock liquidity and the market capitalization value of companies in various countries. This study was conducted on companies in the banking sector in 6 (six) countries, including Indonesia, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, and Thailand. The five countries have different financial structures, some are market based and some are bank based. The method used is regression with pool data analysis. Some of the contributions of this study are: (i) to present a new approach in measuring intellectual capital disclosure by giving a score on disclosure items by considering the form, content or meaning, diversity and volume of information from an IC disclosure, (ii) to present new measurements for the audit committee characteristic variables and the independence of the board of commissioners, (iii) to present empirical evidence regarding the effect of IC disclosure on stock liquidity, and (iv) to present empirical evidence regarding the different impact of IC disclosure on stock liquidity and the market capitalization value of companies in various countries with different financial structures. The study found that the CG index variable, audit committee characteristics, listing age, and the company's IC performance value had a positive effect on IC disclosure. Meanwhile, the ownership concentration variable has a negative effect on IC disclosure, and the variables of commissioner size, commissioner independence, institutional ownership, profitability, and leverage company have no effect on IC disclosure. The test results also showed that IC disclosure has no effect on stock liquidity, but the state's financial structure has an effect on stock liquidity. In addition, IC disclosure has an effect on firm value both when measured by market capitalizations and market to book ratio. The results of this research implies that CG condition and state financial structure are variables that must be considered in study on IC disclosure. In addition, the market response to the disclosure of IC information implies that companies have incentives to carry out IC disclosures. Law enforcement and Good CG practices can encourage companies to disclose IC information. Finally, the study has limitations which are also opportunities for further researches, which are the measurement of the IC disclosure variable that has not separated the disclosures between mandatory and voluntary.