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Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Akne vulgaris (AV) merupakan kelainan kulit menahun folikel pilosebasea yang banyak dijumpai remaja dan dewasa muda. Beberapa penelitian melaporkan adanya hubungan antara seng dan AV. Penelitian dengan desain kasus kontrol ini bertujuan mencari hubungan kadar seng serum dengan derajat keparahan AV berdasarkan klasifikasi Lehmann dan dengan jumlah lesi inflamasi. Tujuh puluh subyek dengan AV, terdiri atas 35 AV ringan (AVR) [kelompok A] dan 35 AV sedang (AVS) dan AV berat (AVB) [kelompok B] berdasarkan klasifikasi Lehmann diperiksakan kadar seng serum yang diukur menggunakan Atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Hasil kadar seng serum kelompok A median (min-maks) 11,15 (10,23-14,21) μmol/L dan kelompok B median (min-maks) 9,93 (6,72-10,69) μmol/L. Kadar seng serum kelompok A lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok B (p<0,001). Terdapat korelasi negatif yang bermakna antara kadar seng serum dengan jumlah lesi inflamasi pada AV(r -0,488). Sebagai tambahan didapatkan korelasi negatif kadar seng serum dengan jumlah lesi non inflamasi (r-0,582) ataupun total lesi AV (r-0,662). Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa kadar seng serum berhubungan dengan derajat keparahan AV menurut klasifikasi Lehmann, yakni kadar seng serum lebih rendah pada AV derajat berat dan sedang dibandingkan derajat ringan, dan sejalan dengan hubungannya terhadap jumlah lesi, baik inflamasi, non inflamasi, dan total lesi.

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ABSTRACT
Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic cutaneous disorder in pilosebaceous follicles affecting many of the adolescents and young adults. Several studies have reported an association between serum zinc level and acne vulgaris. This case-control study aimed to find the relationship between serum zinc level with severity of AV according on Lehmann?s classification and the number of inflamatory lesions. Seventy AV subjects, consisting of 35 subjects with mild AV (Group A) and 35 subjects with moderate and severe AV (Group B) based on Lehmann?s classification are measured their serum zinc levels with Atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In group A serum zinc level median (min-max) was 11,15 (10,23-14,21) μmol/L and in group B, median (min-max) was 9,93 (6,72-10,69) μmol/L. Serum zinc levels in group A were statistically significant higher than group B (𝑃𝑃<0,001). There was a negative correlation between serum zinc levels with the number of inflammatory lesions (r-0,488). Additional result obtained were negative correlation between serum zinc levels with number of non-inflammatory lesions (r-0,582) and total lesion of AV (r-0,662). The results of this study proved that serum zinc levels was associated with the severity of AV according to Lehmann?s classification,i.e. serum zinc levels were lower in severe and moderate acne compared with mild acne, and in line with its correlation to number of lesions, either inflammatory, non-inflammatory, and total lesions.;Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic cutaneous disorder in pilosebaceous follicles affecting many of the adolescents and young adults. Several studies have reported an association between serum zinc level and acne vulgaris. This case-control study aimed to find the relationship between serum zinc level with severity of AV according on Lehmann?s classification and the number of inflamatory lesions. Seventy AV subjects, consisting of 35 subjects with mild AV (Group A) and 35 subjects with moderate and severe AV (Group B) based on Lehmann?s classification are measured their serum zinc levels with Atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In group A serum zinc level median (min-max) was 11,15 (10,23-14,21) μmol/L and in group B, median (min-max) was 9,93 (6,72-10,69) μmol/L. Serum zinc levels in group A were statistically significant higher than group B (𝑃𝑃<0,001). There was a negative correlation between serum zinc levels with the number of inflammatory lesions (r-0,488). Additional result obtained were negative correlation between serum zinc levels with number of non-inflammatory lesions (r-0,582) and total lesion of AV (r-0,662). The results of this study proved that serum zinc levels was associated with the severity of AV according to Lehmann?s classification,i.e. serum zinc levels were lower in severe and moderate acne compared with mild acne, and in line with its correlation to number of lesions, either inflammatory, non-inflammatory, and total lesions., Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic cutaneous disorder in pilosebaceous follicles affecting many of the adolescents and young adults. Several studies have reported an association between serum zinc level and acne vulgaris. This case-control study aimed to find the relationship between serum zinc level with severity of AV according on Lehmann’s classification and the number of inflamatory lesions. Seventy AV subjects, consisting of 35 subjects with mild AV (Group A) and 35 subjects with moderate and severe AV (Group B) based on Lehmann’s classification are measured their serum zinc levels with Atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In group A serum zinc level median (min-max) was 11,15 (10,23-14,21) μmol/L and in group B, median (min-max) was 9,93 (6,72-10,69) μmol/L. Serum zinc levels in group A were statistically significant higher than group B (𝑃𝑃<0,001). There was a negative correlation between serum zinc levels with the number of inflammatory lesions (r-0,488). Additional result obtained were negative correlation between serum zinc levels with number of non-inflammatory lesions (r-0,582) and total lesion of AV (r-0,662). The results of this study proved that serum zinc levels was associated with the severity of AV according to Lehmann’s classification,i.e. serum zinc levels were lower in severe and moderate acne compared with mild acne, and in line with its correlation to number of lesions, either inflammatory, non-inflammatory, and total lesions.]

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Multidrug therapy (MDT) merupakan kombinasi obat yang aman dan efektif untuk pengobatan kusta, yang antara lain bertujuan untuk mencegah resistensi obat. Resistensi obat MDT, khususnya rifampisin, penting karena dapat menggagalkan program pengendalian penyakit kusta oleh WHO. Diduga salah satu faktor pencetusnya adalah kepatuhan pengobatan pasien yang buruk, sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian guna mengetahui kejadian resistensi rifampisin pada pasien kusta tipe MB berdasarkan kepatuhan pengobatan baik dibandingkan kepatuhan kepatuhan pengobatan buruk. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbandingan kejadian resistensi rifampisin pada pasien kusta tipe MB berdasarkan kepatuhan pengobatannya. Metode: Dilakukan penelitian analitik dengan rancangan penelitian comparative cross sectional pada pasien kusta tipe multibasiler. Sampel diambil dari kerokan kulit pada pemeriksaan slit skin smear, kemudian dilakukan analisis dengan teknik PCRsequencing. Hasil: Terdapat 57 subyek penelitian (SP) yang diikutsertakan pada penelitian ini. Pada kelompok kepatuhan pengobatan baik (29 SP), resistensi rifampisin terjadi pada 1 SP (3,4%). Sedangkan pada kelompok kepatuhan pengobatan buruk (28 SP), ditemukan 8 sampel (28,6%) dengan M. leprae yang resisten terhadap rifampisin. Kejadian resistensi M. leprae terhadap rifampisin pada kepatuhan pengobatan buruk lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kepatuhan pengobatan baik (OR= 11,2; 95% IK=1,296-96,787; p=0,012). Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan kejadian resistensi M. leprae terhadap rifampisin pada kepatuhan pengobatan buruk 11 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kepatuhan pengobatan baik. ...... Background: Multidrug therapy (MDT) is a combination of safe and effective drugs for the treatment of leprosy which have additional aim to prevent drug resistance. MDT resistance, especially to rifampicin, is very important as it could prevent the target to eliminate leprosy by the WHO. One of the suspected causes of resistance is poor drug compliance by the patient; therefore it is necessary to perform a study to assess the prevalence or rifampicin? resistance on multibacillary (MB) type leprosy patients based on good compare to poor drug compliance. Purpose: To compare the prevalence of rifampicin? resistance on MB type leprosy patients based on drug compliance. Methods: Analytical study was performed with comparative cross sectional design on MB type leprosy patients. Samples were taken from skin smear on slit skin smear examination, which then analyzed with PCR sequencing technique. Results: 57 study subjects were enrolled in this study. On good drug compliance group (29 subjects), only 1 resistance (3,4%) was found. Meanwhile on poor drug compliance group (28 subjects), there are 8 resistance (28,6%) cases found. Mycobacterium leprae resistance to rifampicin? was found significantly higher on poor compliance patient group compared to the good compliance group. (OR= 11,2; 95% IK= 1,296-96,787; p=0,012). Conclusion: This study revealed that the prevalence of Mycobacterium leprae resistance to rifampicin? group of patients with po.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Prevalensi akne vulgaris (AV) pada perempuan dewasa tinggi dengan morbiditas psikososial bermakna. Akne vulgaris yang timbul saat remaja dan berlanjut hingga umur lebih dari 25 tahun disebut sebagai AV menetap (AVM). Hormon androgen memiliki peranan terpenting dalam patogenesis AVM. Indeks Androgen Bebas (IAB) adalah metode yang bagus untuk mengevaluasi kadar hormon androgen. Perbedaan ras berpengaruh pada variasi kadar hormon androgen antara individu. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui perbandingan nilai IAB dalam darah pada perempuan dewasa dengan AVM dan tanpa AV. Metode: Penelitian kasus kontrol. Hasil: Nilai IAB dalam darah pada perempuan dewasa dengan AVM memiliki median 1,93 (minimum 0,46 - maksimum 9,88). Nilai IAB dalam darah pada perempuan dewasa tanpa AV memiliki median 1,05 (minimum 0,24 - maksimum 2,42). Nilai IAB dalam darah pada perempuan dewasa dengan AVM lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanpa AV, dengan perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik (p=0,014). Kesimpulan: Nilai IAB dalam darah pada perempuan dewasa dengan AVM lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanpa AV. ...... Background: The prevalence of acne vulgaris (AV) in adult women is high with significant psychosocial morbidity. Acne vulgaris which occur in adolescence and continue until age more than 25 years is mentioned as persistent acne vulgaris (PAV). Androgen hormone has the most important role in PAV pathogenesis. Free Androgen Index (FAI) is a good methode to evaluate androgen hormone level. Race difference influent the variation of androgen hormone level between individual. Objective: To investigate the comparison of blood FAI in adult women with PAV and without AV. Methods: Case control study. Result: The blood FAI in adult women with PAV has median 1,93 (minimum 0,46 - maksimum 9,88). The blood FAI in adult women without AV has median 1,05 (minimum 0,24 - maksimum 2,42). The blood FAI in adult women with PAV is higher than without AV, with difference which is statisticaly significant. (p=0,014). Conclusion: The blood FAI in adult women with PAV is higher than without AV.