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"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan keamanan dan efek toksik Vegeta yang diberikan secam oral selama 90 hari pada tikus. Delapan puluh tikus strain Spragite-Dawley dibagi secara acak menjadi 4 kelompok. Titip kelompok lerdiii dari 20 tikus, 10 jantan dan 10 betina. Tiap kelompok masing-masing mendapat Vegeta 0,25 g/kg BB; 0,50 g/kg BB; 1,00 g/kg BB (dilantlkan daiam akuades). dan kelompok kontrol mendapat 5,00 ml/ kg BB akuades secara oral memahii xoude lambung selama 90 hari. Berat badan dan tingkah laku tikus tiap hari dievaluasi. Pada hari ke 90 hcwan coba didekapitasi, sampel da rah diambil untuk dinilai kadar hemoglobin, lekosit, SGPT, SCOT, kreatinin, dan ureitrn. Organ daiam juga diambil, dilimbang dan diperiksa secara mikroskopis. Hasil meniinjukkan bahwa Vegeta dosis 0,25 g/kg BB; 0,50 g/kg BB; dan 1,00 g/kg BB tidak inempengarulii berat badan, fungsi luiti dan fungsi ginja! dtbandingkun kelompok kontmi Dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol, tidak didapaikan perbedaan bennakna dalam nilai hemoglobin, tefapi hilling lekosit meningkat pada kelompok yang mendapat 1,00 g/kg BB Vegeta, yang kemungkinan disebabkan oleh infeksi. Berat ofak dan limpa tikus jantan, dan berat paru dan jantung tikus betina pada kelompok Vegeta berbeda dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Tetapi karena perbedaan berat tidak dose related dan tidak didapatkan kelainan mikroskopis yang spexifik dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. ini meniinjukkan bukan merupakan efek toksik Vegeta. Nilai No observed effect level (NOEL) Vegeta 90 hart pemberian secant oral pada tikus jantan dan betina strain Sprague-Dawley adalah 1,00 g/kg BB. (Med J Indones 2006; 15:223-8).

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The objective of this study was to determine the safety and toxic effect of Vegeta giving orally for a period of 90 days in rats. Eighty rats ofSpragtie-Dawley strain were randomly devided into 4 groups. Each group consists of 20 rats, 10 male and 10 female rats. Each group received 0.25 g/kgBW; 0.50 g /kgBW; 1.00 g /kgBW Vegeta (in ac/uades! solution) respectively, and the control group received 5 niL/kgBW aquadest , given orally by gastric tube for 90 days. The rat's body weight and behavior were daily evaluated. On the 901'1 day, the rats were decapitated and the blood samples were withdrawn for evaluation of Hemoglobin, leucocyte, SGPT, SCOT, creatinine, and ureum concentration. Visceral organs were also removed, being weighted and were examined microscopically. The results showed that Vegeta with dose of 0.25 g / kgBW; 0.50 g / kgBW, and ].00 g / kgBW did not affect body weight, liver and renal function compared to control group. There was no significant difference for hemoglobin value compared to control group, but the number of leucocyte increased in 1.00 g / kgBW Vegeta dose group, which was possibly caused by infection. In Vegeta group, there was different spleen and brain weight in male rals, and different lung and heart weight in female rats compared to the control group. However, since it was not dose-related and there was no specific abnormality in microscopic examination compared to the control group, it was not indicated as Vegeta toxic effect. The No observed effect level (NOEL) value of Vegeta for 90 day oral administration in male and female rats of Sprague-Dawley strain was 1.00 g/kgBW. (Med J Indones 2006; 15:223-8)."

"Penyakit hati merupakan masalah kesehatan yang sulit diobati. Adanya masalah dalam pengobatan penyakit ini sebagian disebabkan karena tidak tersedianya obat yang terbukti herkhasiat. Kurkumin, senyawa aktif dalam ke keluarga tanaman curcuma telah diteliti dalam berbagai peyakit termasuk penyakit hati. Efek terapi kurkramin diduga berdasarkan efek antioksidatifnya. Dalam penelitian ini, kami menyelidiki efek kurkumin lerhadap swelling mitochondria yang diinduksi oleh tert-butilhidroperoksida (t-BuOOH) Mitokondria hali diisolasi secara homogen dari tikus Sprague-Dawley (relative specific activity suksinat dehidrogenase adalah 35.73 ±2.78). Pemberian 90 }M t-BuOOH menyebabkan swelling 2 fase yang khas pada mitokondria. Pola swelling dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor seperti komposisi bufer, kadar t-BuOOH, jumlah bufer isolasi dan protein mitokondria serta temperatur inkubasi. Swelling dapat dihambat sebesar 85 ±3% oleh kurkumin 2.50 jjM. Pada kadar rendah (1.25 //MJ dan tinggi (5.00 fiM), efek proteksi kurkumin terhadap swelling berkurang (bertitrut-turut 41 ±3% and 77+6%). Swelling dapat terjadi akibat terbukanya mitochondrial transition pore dan dapat mempakan petunjuk awal dan proses kematian sel. Efek inhibisi kurkumin terhadap swelling mitokondria yang diindukxi oleh t-BuOOH diduga disebabkan karena efek antioksidannya. (MedJ Indones 2006; 15:131-6)

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Liver diseases have been a medical problem which is difficult to manage. Some of the problems in the treatment of these diseases lie in the lack of reliable drug available. Curcumin, an active ingredient of the rhizomes of plant Curcuma has been investigated in the treatment of various disorders incuding liver diseases. The therapeutic effects of curcumin on liver diseases have been thought to be associated to its antioxidative properties. In the present study, we investigated the effects of curcumin on mitochondrial swelling in vitro induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BuOOH). Liver mitochondria were homogeneously isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats (the relative specific activity of succinate dehydrogenase was 35.73 ±2.78). Addition of 90 fj.M oft-BuOOHcauseda typical 2-phase swelling of the mitochondria. The pattern of swelling was influenced by various factors such as buffer composition, concentrations of t-BuOOH, amount of isolation buffer and mitochondrial proteins and incubation temperature.The swelling could be reduced by as much as 85 ±3% by 2.50 uM of curcumin. At lower (1.25 ^M) or higher (5.00 fjM) concentrations, the protection against swelling by curcumin were less effective (respectively were 41 ±3% and 77 ±6%). Swelling might occur due to the opening of mitochondrial transition pore and could be an initial indication in the cascade process leading to cell death. The inhibition of t-BuOOH-induced mitochondrial swelling by curcumin might be because of the antioxidant effects of the compound. (Med JIndones 2006; 15:131-6)."

"Ruang lingkup dan metodologi: Glukokortikoid telah lama digunakan sebagai antiiflamasi dan imunosuppresan. Penggunaan yang panjang dengan dosis tinggi menyebabkan efek samping yang cukup serius. Dewasa ini telah dikembangkan berbagai pembawa obat yang dapat membawa obat langsung ke target obat atau ke reseptornya. Dengan menginkorporasikan obat ke pembawa obat, contohnya liposom, efek samping sistemik dapat ditekan. Purwaningsih dkk telah berhasil membuat sediaan baru yakni Liposom-metilprednisolon palmitat (L-MPLP). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari efek farmakologi dari L-MPLP, terutama efek antiinflamasinya. Parameter yang dilihat adalah penurunan produksi interferon gamma pada kultur limfosit T setelah distimulasi dengan concanavalin A secara in vitro maupun in vivo. Hasil dan Kesimpulan : Terjadi penurunan kadar interferon gamma setelah pemberian L-MPLP secara in vivo pada dosis 2, 8 dan 16 mg/kgBB secara signifikan dibandingkan kontrol tanpa perlakuan sedangkan pemberian MPL tidak terjadi penurunan kadar interferon gamma. Pada kultur in vitro, pemberian L-MPLP maupun MPL pada kadar 5.10 -1, 5.10-2 dan 5.10-3 keduanya mampu menekan produksi interferon gamma, dimana penekanan oleh L-MPLP lebih baik dibanding MPL secara signifikan.

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The Improving of Methylprednisolone Palmitate Potency After Incorporated With Liposome. An Antiinflammation Study In Culture Of Mice?s Splenocytes. Glucocorticoid has been used as an antiinflammatory and immuno-suppresive drug. Longterm utilisation at high dose of glucocorticoid is associated with serious side effects. In recent years, many attempts have been performed in searching the appropiate vehicles to deliver the drug directly into the target organ or the receptor. By incorporating the drug into its vehicle such as liposome, the systemic side effect can be minimized. Purwaningsih et al has successfully synthetized a novel preparation of liposome methylprednisolone palmitate (L-MPLP). The aim of the study was to learn the pharmacological effect of L-MPLP, especially on antiinflammatory effect of this novel preparation, compared with the standard methylprednisolone (MPL). The parameter was the potency of L-MPLP in reducing gamma-interferon production in T-lymphocyte culture after stimulation with concanavalin A in vitro as well as in vivo. Gamma-interferon was assayed by ELISA method. The reduction of gamma interferon, in vivo, after the administration of L-MPLP at the dose of 2,8 and 16 mg/kgBW respectively, showed significant difference than a control group, while MPL did not. The addition of both L-MPLP and MPL in in vitro culture at the concentration of 5.10-3, 5.10-2 and 5.10-1 mM have proved to suppress the gamma-interferon production, where the suppression of L-MPLP was more effective than MPL, significantly."