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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Gallstone is a crystal deposit which is formed in the gallbladder or bile duct. Gallstone is classified into cholesterol stone, pigment stone (black and brown), and mixed stone. Mechanism which underlies the formation of cholesterol or pigment gallstone is different. Information on chemical component of the stone will assist the management and prevention of its recurrence. Analysis of gallstone component can be performed by colorimetry method or even gas liquid chromatography (GLC). Chemical component analysis of gallstone by colorimetry includes examination of cholesterol, bilirubin, and calcium. Stone is classified as cholesterol stone if the cholesterol content is > 80%, pigment stone if cholesterol content is < 20%, and mixed stone if cholesterol content is 25-80%. Gallstone analysis by GLC method is conducted by separation of fatty acid chain and evaluation of fatty acid quantity in the methylester derivatives form, which is fatty acid methyl estered. Fatty acid content in cholesterol stone (310.09 + 49.7 mg/gram) is higher compared to pigment stone (55.59 +7.71 mg/gram). Saturated to unsaturated fatty acid (S/U) ration in cholesterol stone (8.6 + 3.1) is higher compared to pigment stone (4.8 + 1.5).

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Growth today of slums is a challenge of urbanization. The slums characterized by limited basic housing infrastructure, including the lack of adequate waste management infrastructure. Bandung also faces the challenge, so that three areas are selected as representatives of slum areas as research objects. There are the areas with three typologies of slums: Tamansari (heavy), Babakan Ciamis (medium), and Cihaurgeulis (light). Analysis of the existing condition of waste management is done by calculating the Soil Quality Index or Indeks Kualitas Tanah (IKT). The possibility of waste management infrastructure improvement is done by using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which helps decision making by priorities comparison from experts in the field of environmental management. IKT calculation results show that the worst soil quality is Tamansari with IKT value of 18.5, the IKT of Babakan Ciamis value 47.5, and Cihaurgeulis best at IKT value of 73.5. The analysis with AHP shows that the best waste management infrastructure for all three areas is by providing composting unit to manage organic waste and waste bank to manage the inorganic. A respective number of units required is 20 units for Tamansari, 8 units for Babakan Ciamis, and 11 units for Cihaurgeulis.

Abstrak :
The ability of adolescents to cope with stressful life events has not been well developed. Facing stressful situations might trigger them to engage in many dangerous and self-destructive behaviors. Life skills program in improving mental health of adolescents has been proven in many countries, as it has in Indonesia. In post disaster situation, there is rarely any community program which focuses on adolescent mental health. Life skills program is a psychological intervention to teach adolescents to improve their skill to cope with stress, develop self esteem, deal with peer pressure, think critically, communicate appropriately and act assertively. Teachers and local health professionals who have already been trained about life skills program apply this program in adolescents experiencing a stressful event, a natural disaster from the eruption of Mount Merapi in Yogyakarta-Indonesia. This study attempts to apply and evaluate the effectiveness of the program for adolescents who had survived a natural disaster in Yogyakarta Indonesia. Three weeks life skills training was conducted in 2012 on 40 junior and senior high school students, post Mount Merapi eruption in Yogyakarta and Magelang. Subjects were assessed for their self image using Rosenberg self image questionnaire, and their emotional behavioral problems and mental strength using Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), before and after the train-ing. SPSS was used for the statistical analysis. The average age of the subjects was 14.48 + 1.21 years old. There were significant differences on the self-esteem and mental strength aspects of the subjects before and after intervention. Score on low self-esteem was improved (p=0.005), negative self perception also became better (p<0.001), and prosocial behavior was increased (p=0.001). There were also decreasing difficulties and emotional behavioral problem score after intervention, and other aspects of self esteem such as instability and self consciousness. Life skills training has several positive effects in improving mental strength and self-image and decreasing emotional and behavioral problems of adolescents post disaster.