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"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis distribusi liposomal-metilprednisolon palmitat (L-MPLP) di beberapa organ pada mencit C3H setelah pemberian secara intra-peritoneal. Sebagai formula baru, L-MPLP pada membran liposom meningkat dari 70% menjadi 95% setelah digunakan tetra eter lipid dalam komposisi liposom sebagai penstabil membran. Atas dasar penelitian tersebut, L-MPLP akan terdistribusi dengan lebih baik di beberapa organ pada mencit dibandingkan control yaitu MPLP sebagai obat bebas, metilprednisolon (MPL) sebagai standar dan liposom tanpa obat. Empat puluh dua mencit C3H dibagi ke dalam 5 grup penelitian. Setiap grup dibagi ke dalam 6 waktu penelitian. Setiap obat disuntikkan intra-peritoneal. Darah diambil dari vena ekor (menit ke 10; 30; 60; 90; 180 dan jam ke 48) dan dilakukan ekstirpasi organ (hepar, limpa, timus, ginjal dan sumsum tulang) pada menit ke setalah mencit dimatikan dengan eter. Distribusi L-MPLP dalam organ tampak jelas pada menit ke 180 dan menurun setelah 48 jam. Distribusi obat atau metabolitnya tampak menonjol pada hepar, diikuti secara berurutan oleh limpa, timus, ginjal dan sumsum tulang.

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The Distribution of Liposomal-Methylprednisolone Palmitate (L-MPLP) in Several Organs in Mice after Intra-Peritoneal Injection. This study was to analyze the distribution of liposomal-methylprednisolone palmitate (L-MPLP) as a new drug formulation, in several organs of mice after intra-peritoneal injection. In a previous study, in vitro, the stability and the incorporation of methylprednisolone palmitate into liposome membranes were increased, from 70% to approximately 95% using tetra-ether lipid as a stabilizer of the liposome membrane. Based on this result, the stability of L-MPLP should also be proved, in vivo, that the drug, methylprednisolone palmitate, could be distributed into several organs more effective than in a control group (methylprednisolone palmitate and methylprednisolone as a standard of drug and liposome). Forty-two mice of C3H were divided into 5 study groups. Each group of animals was divided into 6 sub-groups of time from 10 minutes to 48 hours. Each drug was injected intra-peritoneal, blood was drawn from the vein of the tail and the organs i.e. liver, kidneys, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow were extirpated after sacrificing the mice using ether. The distribution of the drug or their metabolites was higher at the minute of 180 and tended to decrease at the time of 48 hours after injection. The higher distribution was shown in the liver and rather high in the spleen, thymus, kidney, and bone-marrow respectively."

"Membran arkea memiliki lipid fitanil eter yang berbeda dengan ester asam lemak-gliserol dari sel bakteri dan sel eukariotik. Spesies Sulfolobus dan spesies Thermoplasma memiliki tetraeter lipid (TEL) unik sepanjang membran yang membentuk liposom stabil. Spesies Thermoplasma dari Tangkuban Perahu sudah berhasil dikultur dan TEL diisolasi. Pada penelitian ini, kami mengamati secara in vitro transfer carboxyfluorescein (CF) dari liposom TEL yang stabil ke sel karsinoma kolon dalam kultur"

"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai proses penyembuhan luka dengan menggunakan ekstrak metanol daun Jatropha multifida L. berdasarkan mekanisme penurunan jumlah leukosit PMN dan peningkatan jumlah sel fibroblas.Metode: bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah ekstrak metanol dari daun Jatropha multifida Subyek penelitian terdiri dari 36 ekor tikus putih jantan galur Spraque Dawlay umur 2 bulan dengan berat badan sekitar 150-200 g. Hewan coba dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok. Kelompok I (negatif kontrol merupakan kelompok hewan coba yang dilukai tanpa diobati; kelompok II (kontrol positif) merupakan kelompok hewan coba yang diobati dengan Bethasone-N; Kelompok III (kontrol pelarut) merupakan kelompok yang diobati dengan alkohol 70% sedangkan kelompok IV (kelompok perlakuan) merupakan kelompok yang diobati dengan meneteskan 10 mg ekstrak metanol daun Jatropha multifida. Setiap kelompok terdiri dari 3 ekor tikus yang masing-masing dibagi lagi menjadi kelompok waktu dekapitasi pada hari ke 3, 6, dan 13. Pada jaringan luka dibuat sediaan histologi dengan pewarnaan HE dan dilanjutkan dengan menghitung jumlah leukosit PMN dan fibroblas.Pada penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa penurunan jumlah leukosit PMN pada kelompok perlakuan dengan ekstrak metanol daun Jatropha multifida relatif lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif, kontrol positif dan kontrol pelarut. Peningkatan jumlah fibroblas terjadi pada hari ke 6 dan 13 setelah perlakuan. Simpulan: ekstrak metanol daun Jatropha multifida dapat mengobati luka sayat lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif, kontrol positif dan kontrol pelarut.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of methanol extract of Jatropha multifida leaves on the wound healing process and to investigate the wound healing activity based on reduced numbers of PMN (polymorpho nuclear) leukocytes and increased numbers of fibroblasts.Method: methanol extract of dried leaves of Jatropha multifida was used in the wound healing activity studies. The study subjects were 36 white male Sprague Dawlay rats aged 2 months with 150-200 gram body weight. The subjects were divided into 4 groups and experimentally injured: Group I (negative control) underwent injury without subsequent treatment; group II (positive control) received topical treatment with Bethasone-N after injury; group III (solvent control) was treated with 70% methanol; group IV (treatment group) was treated with 10 mg methanol extract of Jatropha multifida Each group consisted of 3 rats, which were decapitated on days 3, 6, and 13 after the start of treatment. Histological preparation was stained with hematoxyline-eosin (HE) and was continuously examined by counting the numbers of PMN leukocytes and fibroblasts as indicators of wound healing on days 3, 6, and 13 of treatment.The study showed lower numbers of PMN leukocytes in subjects treated with the extract of Jatropha multifidaas compared to the other groups. The numbers of fibroblasts were significantly higher on days 6 and 13 of treatment. In conclusion, the treatment of injuries with methanol extract of leaves from Jatropha multifida provided better results compared to the other groups in our study."

"Background: This study aims to determine the association between neuroinflammation and oxidative stress with prognosis of brain injury patients and the association between neurosurgical procedure with neuroinflammation and oxidative stress condititons.

Methods: The study design is a prospective observation of 40 brain injury patients who underwent surgery. IL-6, uric acid, MDA, NR2A antibodies and GSH serum level of pre- and 1 day post-operation on brain injury patients were measured, and their association with GCS, GOS and neurosurgical procedures were analyzed.

Results: The post-operative IL-6 serum level showed a downward trend compared to pre-operative value (mean decrease: -190.61 pg/mL). The post-operative IL-6 level was significantly associated with GCS 7 days post-operation (p = 0.006), with OR 24. The post-operative IL-6 serum level was significantly associated with GOS 3 months post-trauma (p = 0.016) with OR 11.6. The post-operative uric acid serum level showed a downward trend compared to pre-operative value (mean decrease: -0.26 mg/dL). There was a significant difference between the mean value of post-operative uric acid serum level in patients with 7 days post-trauma with GCS ≤ 8 (mean: 4.16 mg/dL) and GCS > 8 (mean: 2.71 mg/dL), (p = 0.042). The post-operative MDA serum level showed a downward trend compared to pre-operative value (mean decrease: -0.08 nmol/mL). There is no significant association between MDA serum level, GCS and GOS and no significant association of NR2A antibody and GSH serum level with GCS, GOS and neurosurgical procedure. From the multivariate analysis, the most important neuroinflammatory variable associated with GCS and GOS is IL-6.

Conclusion: Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress may have prognostic values in brain-injured patients, in particular IL-6. Neurosurgical procedures may decrease the neuroinflammation process."