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"Dampak penting dari semburan Lumpur panas adalah pencemaran lingkungan salah satunya adalah kenaikan intensitas bau. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui konsentrasi H2S, persepsi masyarakat tentang gangguan kesehatan dari H2S, menghitung perkiraan risiko dan pencegahannya. Variabel penelitian adalah konsentrasi H2S, persepsi tentang gangguan kesehatan (iritasi mata, sakit kepala, dizzines, hyperpnoea, apnoea, asphyxia).Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengukuran langsung dan kuesioner. Pemilihan lokasi adalah purposive dan responden dengan simple random. Hasil dan pembahasan dari penelitian ini adalah konsentrasi H2S diatas bakumutu Kep-50/MENLH/11/1996. Uji Pearson Chi Square adalah Ҳ<0,05 antara konsentrasi H2S dengan iritasi mata, sakit kepala, dizzines dan hyperpnoea (Ҳ<0,05). Pajanan risiko tinggi sebesar 0?0,91 mgkg-1hari-1 (HQ 0- 1825,3) dan risiko rendah 0-0,0011 mgkg-1hari-1 (HQ 0-3,29). Pencegahan risiko dengan meningkatkan kondisi, nutrisi dan penggunaan APD.Kesimpulan dan saran penelitian ini rata-rata konsentrasi H2S di atas 0,2 ppm. Karakterisasi risiko pajanan sebagaian besar adalah diatas dosis harian yang aman, untuk itu disarankan meningkatkan kondisi dan tidak sering kontak langsung pada sumber.

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The major impacts of the Torrent of Hot Mud which happened in May 2006 in Sidoarjo are the changes in environment, social and economy. Another impact which has been identified is the increase of odor intensity which is suspected to be originated from an air pollutan H2S. A smelling disorder happened in which the intensity of odor is predicted to have caused the air pollution in areas surrounding the spewing of hot mud in Sidoarjo.Based on the result of the test conducted by Ministry of Environmental (KLH), it is discovered there are a number pollutants the concentration which are above the standard quality of odor and H2S is one of them. H2S gas is a colorless gas with a strong odor similar to the smell of a rotten egg. A high concentration of H2S can react with tears and sweat resulting sulfuric acid and bring about impacts such as eyes and skin irritation. In addition, exposure to H2S with the concentration 0f 0,025?25 ppm in human requires human to use breathing aid. Problem this research is there isn?t environmental pollution for study of health risk mon environment.Based on evaluation result of the acquired data, the topics of the destination in this research are 1) to find out about the concentration of H2S in the affected areas and to find out about the difference of H2S concentration in the areas with a high risk and the areas with a low risk, 2) to find out about perception of community about odor intensity 3) to find out about perception of community about health problems or not and whether there is a difference between concentration of H2S with the distribution 6 health problems and the duration of stay, age, education, income and job, 4) to calculation about the level of exposure from the pollutan indicator H2S, 5) to calculation about the level characterization of risk from the pollutan indicator H2S,6) to choice about alternative prevention and control. The variables of this research are H2S, distance from the center of torrent of the mud to the points of sampling location, the data on the 6 health problems (eyes irritation, headache, dizziness, asphyxia, apnea and hyperpnoea) which the community suffer and the data consisting of duration of stay, age, sex, education, job and income.The data collection is conducted by direct measurement, and interview with a xii questionnaire. The calculation of exposure and risk characterization (hazard quotient (HQ)) is to determine the exposure level of the pollutan H2S. The selection of location for the research is based on the areas affected by purposive sampling. The size of sample is determined by the size of the population and 10% of trust level, and the selection of respondents is based on the simple random.The data analysis is conducted to find out about the significant difference on the fourth problems. Result for this research is concentration of H2S in that location is above the standard quality as established by the decree of Kep-50/MENLH/11/1996 especially for Siring District, perception of community about health problems gotten there is different significant between concentration of H2S with eye irritation, headache, dizziness and hyperpnoea (Ҳ<0,05). Pollution of H2S not influence with losing of job, education and income. Risk assessment with a high risk had intake 0-0,91 mgkg-1day-1(HQ=0-1825,3) and area with a low risk had intake 0,0011 mgkg-1day-1. Average HQ score above from reference concentration. To control effort with wear self protection equipment, masks, glasses and avoiding frequent, direct contacts with the source.Conclusion from this research are 1) The result of the analysis in the location with a low risk shows that the concentration of H2S in that location is above the standard quality as established by the decree of Kep-50/MENLH/11/1996, 2) perception of community in high risk area about smell of odor is seldom (57%) smell (57%) and in the low risk area is often (63%) strong of smell (76%), 3) Pearson Chi square test show there is significant difference in concentration of H2S with 4 health problems are eye irritation, headache, dizziness and hyperpnoea (Ҳ<0,05), 4) The calculation of the exposure score in the area with the highest risk is 0-0,91 mgkg- 1day-1 and in an area with a low risk it is 0, 0011 mgkg-1day-1, 5) the HQ score in a high risk is 0-1825,3 and in a low risk it is 0-3,29. In a high risk environment, it shows that the HQ score is much bigger than the HQ score in a low risk environment, 6) HQ score > 1 shows that there is a risk of health problems in the affected community. For the reason, it is necessary to carry out the alternative control effort both in areas with a high risk and in areas with a low risk with to wear self protection equipment, masks, glasses and avoiding frequent, direct contacts with the source and decides desease vector are to correct environment , quality of drinking and to correct immune of host. From the result and the discussion, the recommendation is: Regulatory of H2S had intake above reference concentration, avoid recommending re-investigate and necessary to integrated study of environment risk assessment."

"Permasalahan pencemaran udara dari sumber kendaraan bermotor di Indonesia sampai saat ini belum dapat diatasi dengan sempurna, disebabkan oleh upaya pengendalian pencemaran udara dari sumber tersebut memerlukan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi, salah satunya adalah belum adanya nilai faktor emisi dari kendaraan bermotor yang original dari kondisi transportasi di Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji nilai faktor emisi dan menghitung beban pencemaran emisi dari kendaraan bermotor serta menganalisis kondisi udara ambien dengan volume kendaraan bermotor dan variasi perjalanan dalam sehari sehingga dapat dilakukan upaya pengendalian pencemaran udara secara maksimal. Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif dan deskriptif. Lokasi penelitian untuk pengamatan volume kendaraan dilakukan di jalan Jenderal Sudirman, Jakarta. Sumber data primer meliputi volume dan karakteristik kendaraan bermotor di DKI Jakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa komposisi kendaraan bermotor 97% didominasi oleh jenis sepeda motor dan mobil berpenumpang dengan kecepatan rata-rata kendaraan yang dihitung 25-40 km/jam pada pagi, siang dan sore hari. Nilai faktor emisi dan beban emisi terbesar adalah dari jenis mobil berpenumpang dengan polutan utama CO2. CO dan NOX. Emisi dari kendaraan bermotor dipengaruhi oleh faktor kondisi lalu lintas seperti idling, percepatan, jelajah dan perlambatan, yang akan mempengaruhi konsentrasi polutan di udara ambien. Kesimpulan penelitian menunjukan bahwa (1) Semakin besar kapasitas kendaraan bermotor maka nilai faktor emisinya semakin besar; (2) Semakin panjang jarak tempuh kendaraan bermotor maka nilai beban pencemaran emisinya semakin besar; (3) Konsentrasi polutan di udara ambien dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lalu lintas, volume kendaraan dan kondisi meteorologi; (4) Rekomendasi upaya pengendalian (a) Penggunaan bahan bakar yang lebih bersih; (b) Pengaturan jam masuk keija dan sekolah yang dilaksanakan per wilayah sehingga tidak terjadi kesamaan aliran lalu lintas yang dapat membuat kemacetan lalu lintas.; (c) Pentaatan hukum dan peraturan dengan program rewards and punishmenl; (d) Peningkatan dan perbaikan penggunaan infrastruktur jalan raya.

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The problem of air pollution from motor vehicle sources in Indonesia have not maximal yet, caused by air pollution control efforts of these sources requires the factors that influence, one of them is the absence of emission factor values from the original vehicle of transport conditions in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to assess the value of emission factors and calculate the load of pollution emission from motor vehicle and analize the ambient air conditions with the volume and variety of motor vehicle in one day trip so that air pollution control efforts can be done maximally. This is a quantitative and descriptive research. This research took place in Jenderal Sudirman Street as a place of observation of volume of motor vehicles. Primary data sources include the volume of vehicles and vehicle characteristics in Jakarta. The results showed that the composition of motor vehicles 97% dominated by the type of motorcycle and passenger car with an average speed of vehicles counted 25-40 km/hour in the moming, aftemoon and evening. Value of emission factors and the greatest load of pollution emission come from passenger car with the main pollutants CO2, CO and NOX. Emissions from motor vehicles is influenced by factors such as traffic conditions (idling, acceleration, cruising and deceleration), which will affect the concentration of pollutants in the ambient air. The research conclusion have shown that (1) The greater the capacity of the motor vehicle so the value of emissions factor is greater too; (2) The longer the distance of the motor vehicle so the value of pollution emission load is greater too; (3) The concentration of pollutants in the ambient air is affected by traffic conditions, the volume of vehicle and conditions of meteorology; (4) Recommendations control efforts (a) Use of fuel cleaner (a) Increasing and improving the use of infrastructure, roads, (b) setting an hour into work and school held a territory that does not occur in common traffic flow can create traffic congestion. (c), Improving the laws and regulations with the program rewards and punishment; (d) Increasing and improving the use of infrastructure, roads."

"Pemerintah Indonesia menganjurkan alternatif penggunaan briket batubara dalam kegiatan rumah tangga, dan industri skala kecil dan menengah. Penggunaan briket batubara sebagai alternatif untuk mengurangi penggunaan minyak tanah yang banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat sedangkan persediaannya terbatas. Jika dibandingkan dengan minyak tanah sumber daya batubara berlimpah (61.3 Milyar ton). Penggunaan briket batubara dapat menimbuikan dampak negatif bagi kesehatan masyarakat dan lingkungan, karena dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi pencemaran udara diantaranya Total Suspended Particulat (TSP), nitrogen dioksida (NO2), sulfur dioksida (SO2), karbon monoksida (CO), hidrokarbon (HC), senyawa organik seperti benzo[a]pyrene dan benzene. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas udara ambien akibat pembakaran briket batubara.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen. Pembakaran briket batubara dengan cara simulasi, contoh uji udara ambien diambil sebelum dan sesudah pembakaran dengan menggunakan alat High Volume Air Sampling (HVAS) untuk TSP dan B[a]P, dan dengan impinjer untuk parameter gas Iainnya seperti yang diuraikan diatas.Hasil penelitian analisis udara ambien adalah sebagai berikut. Parameter anorganik:1. Sulfur dioksida (SO2) : 5,50 1.i.g/Nm3 - 225 µg/Nm3,2. Karbon monoksida (CO): 228 1.Lg/Nm3 - 508 µg/Nm3,3. Total Suspended Particulat (TSP) : 105 ug/Nm3 - 115 1.tg/Nm3,4. Nitrogen dioksida (NO2): 16,1 1.ig/Nm3 - 20,5 µg/Nm3, Parameter organik,5. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P):485 ng/g - 4518.1 ng/g,6. Benzena (C5H6): 0 µg/Nm3 - 1µg/Nm3.Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji t dengan alpha (a)= 0,05. Berdasarkan uji ini, semua parameter konsentrasinya 'dinyatakan berbeda nyata sebelum dan sesudah percobaan, kecuali untuk parameter hidrokarbon (HC) yaitu 1,53 µg/Nm3 - 1,61 µg/Nm3Pada penelitian ini disarankan bahwa penggunaan briket batubara sebagai alternatif dapat digunakan namun perlu hati-hati pencemaran udara dari emisi yang ditimbulkan.

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The Government of Indonesia suggests that the use of coal briquette as an alternative energy needs to be applied to domestic activity, and small and medium scale industries. The use of coal briquette as an alternative energy is to reduce domination of kerosene since the kerosene is abundantly used by society while its supply is limited. comparing to kerosene coal resource is copious (61,3 ton billion). The used of coal briquette as an alternative energy could generate negative impact on human health and environment, because it would raise the concentration of air pollution, such as Total Suspended Particulate (TSP), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (502), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), the organic compound like benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and benzene. The aim of this research is to know the effect of combustion of coal briquette to ambient air quality due to emission of air pollutants.This research used experimental method. The combustion of coal briquette in this test used simulation technique. The sampling of ambient air quality was taken before and after combustion using High Volume Air Sampler for TSP and B[a]P, as well as grab impinge for other gases mentioned above. The air sample was analyzed in laboratory according to standardized method.The results of ambient air analyses are as follows.Inorganic parameters:1. Sulphur dioxide (502): 5,50 µg/Nm3 - 225 µg/Nm3,2. Carbon monoxide (CO): 228 µg/Nm3 - 508 µg/Nm33. Total Suspended Particulate (TSP): 105 ug/Nm3 -115 jig/Nm34. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2): 16,1 1.tg/Nm3 - 20,5 1.1g/Nm3, Organic parameters:5. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P): 485 ng/g - 4518, 1 ng/g,6. Benzene (C6H6) : 0 µglNm3 - 1 µg/Nm3.These data were analyzed using t test with an alpha (a) of 0, 05.Base on this test, all parameters indicate that there are significant concentration differences before and after experiments were conducted, except for hydrocarbon (HC):1,53 µglNm3 - 1,61 µglNm3.For these results, it is suggested that the use of coal briquette as an alternative fuel-could be applied with precautions on gaseous pollutants emitted."