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"Strktur uretra adalah kelainan berupa penyempitan lumen uretra akibat terbentuknya jaringan parut (scar) yang melibatkan epitel dan jaringan erektil korpus spongiosum. Proses patofisiologi terjadinya kelainan ini belum sepenuhnya diketahui. Di antara berbagai faktor yang terlibat, diferensiasi miofibroblas merupakan salah satu faktor kunci.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui diferensiasi miofibroblas pada proses terjadinya striktur uretra di tingkat selular dan melihat hubungan antara growth factor dan komposisi kolagen dengan diferensiasi miofibroblas.Penelitian ini adalah studi eksperimental pada kelinci New Zealand jantan dewasa yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok model penyembuhan uretra normal dan model striktur uretra.Dua kelinci pada masing-masing kelompok dilakukan eutanasia pada hari ke-2, 7, 14, 21, 30, 60, dan 90. Dilakukan pemeriksaan adanya sumbatan uretra dengan sondase bougie 8 F, pemeriksaan CRP serum darah, pemeriksaan hematoksilin-eosin, trichrome Masson, picrosirius red, TUNEL, dan RT PCR untuk melihat ekspresi gen α-SMA, TGF β, dan b-FGF. Dari hasil penelitian dijumpai adanya perbedaan dalam apoptosis miofibroblas, komposisi kolagen I/total, kadar TGF β dan b-FGF antara kedua kelompok. Terdapat korelasi positif sedang antara apoptosis miofibroblas dengan ekspresi gen TGF β dan korelasi positif lemah antara apoptosis miofibroblas dan komposisi kolagen tipe I/ kolagen total.

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Urethral stricture is a narrowing urethral lumen due to scar formation involving epithel and corpus spongiosum erectile tissue. Pathophysiology process of this abnormality is not fully understood. Among various factors involved, myofibroblast differentiation is a key factor. The purpose of this study is to investigate the process of myofibroblast differentiation on urethral stricture formation process at cellular level and observe the correlation between growth factors and collagen composition with myofibroblast.

The study was an experimental study in adult male New Zealand rabbits, divided into two groups, namely the normal urethral healing model and urethral stricture model. Euthanasia was performed in two rabbits of each group on days 2, 7, 14, 30, 60, and 90. Urethral stricture was confirmed by bougie. Several laboratory examination were done, including CRP blood serum, haematoxylin eosin, trichrome Masson, picrosirius red, TUNEL and RT PCR to look at gene expression of α- SMA, TGF β, b-FGF, dan EGF. The study found a difference in apoptosis myofibroblast, composition of collagen type I/total, TGF β and b-FGF levels between the two groups. There was also a positive moderate correlation between TGF β gene expression and myofibroblast apoptosis proportion and a positive weak correlation collagen type I/ total composition and myofibroblast apoptosis proportion."

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Pada penderita Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) terdapat defek pada sel T regulator baik dalam hal jumlah maupun fungsi sel T regulator. Pemberian probiotik dalam hal ini pemberian Lactabacillus reuteri diharapkan mampu menstimulasi timbulnya respon imun yang bersifat imunoregulator dengan cara meningkatkan jumlah sel T regulator dan menurunkan produksi IL6. Tujuan : Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian probiotik terhadap toleransi sistem imun penderita SLE melalui perubahan kadar T regulator (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) dan IL 6. Metode :30 subjek pasien SLE dengan manifestasi ringan yang datang ke poliklinik Alergi Imunologi RSCM, diberikan probiotik Lactobacillus reuteri (15 orang) dan placebo (15 orang) selama 8 minggu. CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ dan IL 6 diperiksa sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan menggunakan flowcytometri dan pemeriksaan ELISA. Hasil : Pemberian Lactobacillus reuteri selama 8 minggu meningkatkan kadarCD4+CD25+FoxP3+secara bermakna (1,38+ 8,36% VS 3,71+3,17% ; P=0,007 ; CI =-3,91 ? -0,74) . Terdapat penurunan kadar IL 6 setelah perlakuan, baik pada kelompok yang diberikan Lactobacillus reuteri (4,76+5,75 pg/ml VS 3,7 +3,36 pg/ml ; P=0,25 ; CI -0,83- 2,9) maupun pada kelompok placebo ( 2,6+2,02 pg/ml VS 2,07+2,39 ; P= 0,35 ; CI = -0,57 ? 1,52). Namun begitu, pada akhir penelitian perubahan tersebut tidak menimbulkan perbedaan bermakna kadar CD4+CD25+FoxP3+dan IL 6antara kedua kelompok. Kesimpulan :Terjadi peningkatan bermakna kadar CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ pada kelompok yang diberikan probiotik Lactobacillus reuteri selama 8 minggu.

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ABSTRACTBackgroud : In patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) there areabnormality on T lymphocytes, including the existence of a defect in the regulatory Tcells both in terms of number and function. Giving probiotic, in this caseLactabacillus reuteri administration, is expected to stimulate the immune response tobe more tolerance by increasing the number of regulatory T cells and decreasing theIL6 production.Aim : To know the effect of probiotic (Lactobacillus reuteri ) on the immune systemof patients with SLE through changes in the levels of regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) and IL 6Method :Thirty ofSLE patients with mild manifestations, who came to Allergy andImmunology Clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, were given the probioticLactobacillus reuteri (15 people) and placebo (15 people) for 8 weeks. CD4+ CD25 +FoxP3+ and IL 6 were examined before and after exposure using flowcytometri andELISA. We then analyzed the levels of CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + and IL6 before andafter exposure.Result : Administration of Lactobacillus reuteri for 8 weeks brought statisticallysignificant improvement on CD4+ CD25 + FoxP3 +level (1,38+ 8.36% + 3.17% vs.3.71; P = 0.007; CI = -3.91 - -0.74). There were decreased level of IL 6 inLactobacillus reuteri group (4.76 + 5.75 pg / ml VS3,71 + 3.36 pg / ml; P = 0.25; CI -0,83- 2, 9) and the placebo group (2.6 + 2.02 pg / ml vs. 2.07 + 2.39; P = 0.35; CI = -0.57 - 1.5). However,at the end of study, those changes didn?t make statisticallysignificant difference of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ and IL 6 level between two group.Conclusion : A significant increase of the levels of CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + were foundafter 8 weeks Lactobacillus reuteri administration, Backgroud : In patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) there areabnormality on T lymphocytes, including the existence of a defect in the regulatory Tcells both in terms of number and function. Giving probiotic, in this caseLactabacillus reuteri administration, is expected to stimulate the immune response tobe more tolerance by increasing the number of regulatory T cells and decreasing theIL6 production.Aim : To know the effect of probiotic (Lactobacillus reuteri ) on the immune systemof patients with SLE through changes in the levels of regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) and IL 6Method :Thirty ofSLE patients with mild manifestations, who came to Allergy andImmunology Clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, were given the probioticLactobacillus reuteri (15 people) and placebo (15 people) for 8 weeks. CD4+ CD25 +FoxP3+ and IL 6 were examined before and after exposure using flowcytometri andELISA. We then analyzed the levels of CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + and IL6 before andafter exposure.Result : Administration of Lactobacillus reuteri for 8 weeks brought statisticallysignificant improvement on CD4+ CD25 + FoxP3 +level (1,38+ 8.36% + 3.17% vs.3.71; P = 0.007; CI = -3.91 - -0.74). There were decreased level of IL 6 inLactobacillus reuteri group (4.76 + 5.75 pg / ml VS3,71 + 3.36 pg / ml; P = 0.25; CI -0,83- 2, 9) and the placebo group (2.6 + 2.02 pg / ml vs. 2.07 + 2.39; P = 0.35; CI = -0.57 - 1.5). However,at the end of study, those changes didn’t make statisticallysignificant difference of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ and IL 6 level between two group.Conclusion : A significant increase of the levels of CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + were foundafter 8 weeks Lactobacillus reuteri administration]"