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"Defisiensi seng (Zn) mempunyai peran yang besar pada proses tumbuh-kembang. Hal ini terutama akan berdampak pada anak-anak kekurangan gizi. Zn penting dalam kekebalan tubuh baik yang bersifat lokal maupun sistemik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai dampak suplementasi Zn pada sitokin TNF-a dan diare pada balita dengan malnutrisi berat dari keluarga berpendapatan rendah. Desain penelitian adalah jenis controlled randomized double blind pre-test post-test pada kelompok anak berusia 12-59 bulan. Anak-anak diberi makanan biasa dan dibagi menjadi 2, kelompok kontrol (n+60) dan kelompok intervensi yang diberikan makanan mengandung 15mg/ml Zn. Kadar Zn diukur menggunakan atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS), sedangkan TNF-a menggunakan ELISA. Data masukan makanan dikumpulkan melalui cara wawancara makanan dalam 24-jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kadar Zn serum yang bermakna dan penurunan kadar TNF-a serta penurunan lama dan frekuensi diare setelah intervensi. Kadar Zn meningkat 87,0% pada kelompok intervensi, sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol peningkatan hanya sebesar 19,6%. Selain itu, terdapat penurunan bermakna baik pada kadar TNF-a serum maupun feses setelah intervensi (p<0.05). Beratnya gejala maupun lamanya diare berkurang secara bermakna pada kelompok intervensi (p<0.001). Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian suplemen Zn dapat mengurangi lama dan beratnya diare melalui peningkatan kekebalan tubuh, terutama imunitas lokal yang menggunakan TNF- a sebagai biomarker. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 247-51)

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Zinc deficiency has a great impact on growth and development, especially in malnourished children. Zinc is important in both local and systemic immunity. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of zinc supplementation on the cytokine, tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a), and diarrhea in severely undernourished under-five children of low-income families. A randomized double blind pre-test post-test controlled design was selected. A group of 12-59 month-old children were given local food, and treated as control group (n=60), and another group (n=60) were given local food with 15 mg/5 ml zinc as intervention group. Zinc concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS), and TNF-a concentration was determined by ELISA. Data on nutrient intakes were collected using 24-hour food recall method. The result of the study showed that after zinc intervention, zinc serum increased significantly, and TNF-a concentration decreased along with reduction of the duration and frequency of diarrhea. Zinc concentration increased 87.0% in the intervention group, while in the control group the increase was only 19.6%. There was a significant reduction of both serum and fecal TNF-a concentration after intervention (p<0.05). Severity and duration of diarrhea were reduced significantly in the intervention group compared to the control group (p<0.001). It was concluded that zinc intervention reduced the duration and severity of diarrhea through improvement of immunity, especially local immunity with TNF-a as biomarker. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 247-51)"

"Latar belakang: Resistensi insulin dan obesitas sentral adalah keadaan yang sering ditemukan pada wanita PCOS dan ditandai dengan abnormalitas penanda biologi yang terkait dengan terjadinya gangguan metabolik. Hubungan antara adiponektin dan resistensi insulin telah banyak diteliti, namun penelitian terhadap pasien PCOS baru sedikit yang dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kemungkinan hubungan polimorfisme T45G dengan penanda biologi PCOS dan pengaruhnya terhadap adiponektin serum pada populasi Indonesia.Metode: Lima puluh dua pasien PCOS dan 52 subjek ovulasi normal tanpa hiperandrogenisme sebagai kontrol disertakan dalam penelitian ini. Sampel darah dikumpulkan antara hari ke 3 dan 5 siklus menstruasi spontan, jam 7 hingga 9 pagi, setelah menjalani puasa. Dilakukan pengukuran kadar serum FSH, LH, testosteron, SHBG, glukosa, insulin, profil lipid dan adiponektin. Resistensi insulin ditentukan dengan HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, dan SHBG. DNA genom dari darah perifer pasien dan subjek kontrol digunakan untuk memeriksa polimorfisme T45G menggunakan metode PCR.Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok PCOS dan kontrol terhadap IMT, LH, testosteron, SHBG, dan FAI, tetapi tidak signifikan terhadap frekuensi distribusi polimorfisme gen T45G. Kadar adiponektin ditemukan lebih rendah pada kelompok PCOS daripada kontrol, dan terdapat hubungan antara resistensi insulin dengan PCOS. Pada pasien PCOS frekuensi polimorfisme T45G ditemukan lebih tinggi pada wanita dengan adiponektin kadar rendah dari pada kelompok adiponektin kadar tinggi, meskipun tidak bermakna secara statistik. Tidak ditemukan hubungan antara penanda biologi PCOS (LH, testosteron, SHBG, dan FAI) dengan polimorfisme gen T45G.Kesimpulan: Polimorfisme gen adiponektin (T45G) tidak berhubungan langsung dengan penanda biologi PCOS, namun demikian hubungannya dengan adiponektin perlu penelitian lebih lanjut.

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Background: Insulin resistance and central adiposity are frequent disorders in PCOS women, which are marked by biological marker dysregulation related to this metabolic abnormalities. Association between adiponectin and insulin resistance has been investigated in many studies, while only a few studies were done in PCOS patients. This study is to determine the association of T45G polymorphisms in Indonesian population with PCOS biological markers and their influence to adiponectin serum.

Methods: Fifty-two PCOS patients and 52 normal ovulatory women without hyperandrogenism as control subjects were included. Blood samples were collected between day 3 and 5 of a spontaneous menstrual cycle at 7 to 9 am, after overnight fasting. Serum levels of FSH, LH, testosterone, SHBG, glucose, insulin, lipid profile and adiponectin were measured. Insulin resistance was estimated by HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, and SHBG. T45G gene polymorphisms were determined by PCR after genomic DNA was obtained from peripheral blood of patients and control subjects.

Results: There were significant difference between PCOS and control group in term of BMI, LH, testosterone, SHBG, and FAI, but not significant to T45G gene polymorphisms frequency distribution. Adiponectin levels were lower in PCOS patients than control. There was an association between insulin resistance with PCOS. Among PCOS patients, no association between adiponectin LH, testosterone, SHBG, and FAI with T45G gene polymorphisms. T45G gene polymorphisms were more frequent in PCOS with low adiponectin levels compared to those with high adiponectin levels, although not significant statistically.

Conclusion: T45G gene polymorphisms has no direct association with PCOS biological markers, but its association with adiponectin needs further study."