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"Tujuan: Penelitian ini dirancang untuk mengevaluasi dampak dari model pembiayaan kesehatan pekerja terhadap produktivitas perusahaan, diukur secara tidak langsung melalui absenteeism, sick absenteeism, presenteeism dan turn-over rate pekerja. Penelitian ini juga dirancang untuk membandingkan tingkat kepuasan dari perspekstif manajemen dan pekerja serta biaya ekonomi untuk masing-masing model.Metode: Tiga proyek di dua kontraktor perusahaan tambang mengambil bagian dalam studi banding retrospektif ini. Setiap proyek menerapkan model pembiayaan kesehatan yang berbeda: managed care, swakelola dan asuransi. Efektivitas ketiga model dalam mengurangi absenteeism, sick absenteeism, presenteeism dan tingkat turn-over pekerja pada tahun 2013 dan 2014 dibandingkan. Tingkat kepuasan manajemen terhadap efektivitas strategi mereka dalam manajemen pembiayaan kesehatan diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam, tingkat kepuasan pekerja terhadap jaminan kesehatan yang diberikan perusahaan dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner. Analisis biaya dilakukan untuk menentukan rata-rata biaya tahunan per pekerja dalam dua tahun fiskal 2013-2014. Hasil: Antara tahun 2013 hingga 2014, absenteeism dan sick absenteeism sama di tiga proyek (memenuhi target di bawah 2%). Tidak ada target khusus yang ditentukan pada tingkat presenteeism, juga tidak ada data spesifik tentang turn-over pekerja karena sakit atau pengunduran diri yang disebabkan karena ketidakpuasan terhadap jaminan kesehatan perusahaan. Persepsi manajemen terhadap efektivitas program mereka sama-sama positif tetapi tingkat kepuasan pekerja berbeda. Pekerja yang menggunakan model asuransi sebagian besar merasa puas dengan tingkat rata-rata kepuasan dalam skala 1-7 adalah 5.3 untuk rawat jalan dan 5,4 untuk rawat inap, pekerja yang menggunakan model managed care sebagian besar tidak puas dengan rata-rata tingkat kepuasan 3.7 untuk rawat jalan dan rawat inap, sedangkan pada model swakelola, persepsi karyawan terhadap jaminan kesehatan yang disediakan sebagian besar netral dengan rata-rata tingkat kepuasan 4.3 untuk rawat jalan dan 4.1 untuk rawat inap. Pada biaya rata-rata per pekerja per tahun, model asuransi adalah yang tertinggi (Rp 3.876.673 pada 2013, Rp 4.333.475 pada tahun 2014), model managed care di tempat kedua (Rp 3.288.934 pada 2013, Rp 3.642.929 pada tahun 2014) dan model swakelola menjadi yang terendah (Rp 3.270.596 pada 2013, Rp 2.970.774 pada tahun 2014).Kesimpulan : Tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara ketiga model pembiayaan kesehan pekerja dalam menekan sick absenteeism dan absenteeism rate. Tidak ada data mengenai dampak pemilihan model jaminan terhadap turn over rate pekerja. Konsep presenteeism masih belum diadopsi oleh ketiga proyek yang menjadi obyek penelitian. Tingkat kepuasan pekerja terbukti berhubungan dengan pemilihan model pembiayaan. Model asuransi merupakan model dengan tingkat kepuasan tertinggi diikuti swakelola dan managed care. Model asuransi dan managed care menunjukkan kecenderungan untuk terus meningkat setiap tahun, sementara model swakelola memberikan kesempatan bagi pengurangan biaya.

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Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the impact of employees health benefit models on worker productivity, measured indirectly in terms of absenteeism, sick absenteeism, presenteeism rate and employees turn over rate. This study was also designed to compare the level of satisfaction from management and worker perspective as well as the economic cost of each model. Methods: Three projects in two mining contractors companies take part in this retrospective comparative study. Each project implementing different models of health benefit system: managed-care, self-funded and insurance. Effectiveness of these three models on reducing absenteeism, sick absenteeism, presenteeism and employees turn-over rate in 2013 and 2014 were compared. Managements level of satisfaction on the effectiveness of their projects strategy on health benefit management were collected via in-depth interviews, employee's level of satisfaction toward health benefit provided were collected via questionnaires. Cost analyses were performed to determine the average annual cost per employee within the financial years of 2013 and 2014.

Results: Between 2013 to 2014, absenteeism and sick absenteeism rates were similar in the three projects (meet the target of below 2%). No specific target were determined on the presenteeism rate, there is also no specific data on employee turn-over due to sickness or employee resignation which caused by dissatisfaction toward the company health benefit. Managements perception on the effectiveness of their program were similarly positive but employees level of satisfaction were different. Employees which using the insurance model mostly were satisfied with the average rate of satisfaction in the scale of 1-7 was 5.3 for outpatient and 5.4 for inpatient, employees using the managed-care model were mostly dissatisfied with the average rate of satisfaction of 3.7 for both outpatient and inpatient, while on self-funded model, employees perception toward the health benefit provided were mostly neutral with the average rate of satisfaction of 4.3 for outpatient and 4.1 for inpatient. On the average cost per employee per annum, insurance was the highest (Rp 3.876.673 in 2013, Rp 4.333.475 in 2014), managed care comes second (Rp 3.288.934 in 2013, Rp 3.642.929 in 2014) and self funded was the lowest (Rp 3.270.596 in 2013, IDR 2.970.774 in 2014). Insurance and managed-care model shown tendency to increase every year, while self funded provides opportunity for cost reduction. Conclussion : There is no significant differences between the three models in suppressing employee sick absenteeism and absenteeism rate. There are no data available on the impact of model selection toward worker turn-over rate . The concept of presenteeism still not been adopted by all three projects. The level of employee correlated with the selection of employee health benefit models. Insurance is the model with the highest satisfaction rates followed by self-funded model and managed-care. Insurance and managed care models show a tendency to increase every year, while self-funded provides opportunities for cost reduction."

"Pengaruh suplementasi Astaxamin terhadap kadar Malondialdehida plasma dan skor National Institute of health Stroke Scale (NU-ISS) pada penderila stroke iskemik. Mengetahui efek pcmberian suplementasi Astaxantin selama tujuh hari terhadap kadar malondialdehida plasma dan skor NIHSS pada penderita stroke iskemik Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis pamlel, acak, tcrsamar ganda antara kelompok yang znendapat suplementasi astaxantin (P) dengan kelompok yang mendapat plasebo (K), Sebanyak 24 orang pasien stroke iskemik akut dengan onset < 48 jam di RSUPNCM Jakarta memenuhi kriteria dan diikutkan dalam penelitian, dilakukan alokasi random menggunakan randomini blok untuk menemukan kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol. Kelompok perlakuan mendapatkan suplementasi Astaxantin 2 x 8mg/had peroml selama tujuh hari, sementara kelompok kontrol mendapat plascbo. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi data demografi (usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pcndidikan, tingkat penghasilan), onset serangan, faktor risiko, IMT, analisis asupan zat gizi, kadar malondialdehida plasma, serta skor NIHSS. Analisis dam menggunakan uji 1 tidak berpasangan atau uji Man Whitney dengan batas kemaknaan p < 0,05. Rerata usia subjek penelitian ini adalah 56,0l=i:6,44 tahun. Sebagian besar subyek berjenis kelamin laki-laki, berpendidikan rendah dan tingkat penghasilan di bawah garis kemiskinan. Faktor risiko stroke yang paling banyak dimiliki subyek penelitian adalah hipertensi, diikuti kebiasaan merokok, dislipidemia, obesitas, diabetes mellitus, dan penyakit jantung. Selama perlakuan, asupan energi dan protein subyek penelitian tergolong cukup, asupan lemak tergolong lebih, asupan vitamin C tergolong cukup, sedangkan asupan vitamin E dan beuz kanaten tagolong kurang pada kedua kelompok. Terdapat penurunan kadar MDA plasma dan skor NIHSS pada kedua kelompok selama perlakuan. Rerata penurunan kadar MDA plasma pada kelompok perlakuan adalah -0,3l6i0,l8 normal dan secara bermakna lebih bcsar dibandingkan kelompok kontrol yaitu -0,1241 0,I08 nmol/mL (p<0,05). Penurunan skor NIHSS pada kelompok perlakuan sebesar -5,67=|=l,37 secara bermakna lebih besar dibandingkan kelompok kontrol yaitu ~3,‘25:&0,87 (p <0,0S). Suplcmentasi aataxantin sebanyak 2 x 8 mg solama 7 hari sccara bermakna dapal menurunkan kadar MDA plasma dan skor NIHSS penderila stroke iskemik. Astaxantin, antioksidan, malondialdehida plasma, skor Nll-ISS, stroke iskemik.

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Bilects of Astaxantin suplcmentation on malondialdehyde plasma level and National Institute of health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of ischemic stroke patients To investigate the effects of Astaxantin supplementation during seven days on Malondialdchida plasma level and NIHSS score of ischemic strokc patients. This is a parallel randomized double-blind clinical study between interventional group which has astaxantin supplementation (P) and control group which has placebo (K). Twenty-four acute ischemic stroke patients with onset < 48 hours in RSUPNCM Jakarta had fullilled the criteria and recruited in the research. Subjects were random allocated by block randomimtion into intervention and control group. Intervention group treated by Astaxnntin 2 x Sing,/day supplementation orally during 7 days, while control group treated by placebo. Data collection includes demographic characteristic (nge, sex, educational level, income level), stroke onset, risk factors, body mass index (BMI), daily nutrient analysis, malondialdchida plasma level, and Nil-lSS score. Statistical analysis is using unpaired t test or Mann Whitney test with significant level at p < 0,05. The mean age of subjects were 56,0li6,44 years old. Majoritics of suljects were male, low educational level and below poverty level income. The most liequent stroke risk factors in subjects were hypertension, followed by smoking habit. dyslipidemia, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and heart diseases. During intervention, energy and proteins intake were adequate, fat intake tends to be excess, vitamin C intake was adequate, whiie vitamin E and beta kamten tends to be low in both two groups. 'lhere was decreasing in MDA plasma level and NI]-ISS score in both two groups during intervention. The mean decreasing of MDA plasma in interventional group was -0,3lG.k0,l8 nmol/mL which significantly greater than control group -0,1242 0,108 nmol/mL (p<0,05). The mean decreasing ofNlHSS score in interventional group was -5,67=el,37 which significantly greater than control group -3,25i0,87 (p <0,05). Astaxantin supplementation 2 x 8 mg during 'l days is signiiicant on decreasing MDA plasma level and NH-ISS score in ischemic stroke patients. Astaxantin, antioxidant, rnalondialdehicla plasma, NIHSS score, ischemic stroke. "

"Latar Belakang: Sejak tahun 1993, WHO menyatakan bahwa TB merupakan kedaruratan global bagi kemanusiaan. Walaupun strategi DOTS telah terbukti sangat efektif untuk pengendalian TB, tetapi beban penyakit TB di masyarakat masih sangat tinggi. Dengan berbagai kemajuan yang dicapai sejak tahun 2003, diperkirakan masih terdapat sekitar 9,5 juta kasus baru TB, dan sekitar 0,5 juta orang meninggal akibat TB diseluruh dunia. Jumlah penderita TB di pabrik sepatu PT X di Balaraja pada Januari 2012 sebanyak 17 orang karyawan yang menderita TB, sedangkan data sampai Juni 2013 didapatkan total jumlah penderita TB di PT X sebanyak 29 orang. Hal ini perlu mendapat perhatian sebab jumlah penderita TB di Indonesia yang mulai menurun, sedangkan di PT X jumlah penderita TB meningkat.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan evaluasi program dengan pendekatan sistem. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui data sekunder yang sudah ada diperusahaan yang berada dibagian HR (Human Resource), dan dari klinik perusahaan.Hasil: Didapatkan beberapa prioritas jalan keluar yaitu pengadaan PMO (Pengawas Minum Obat), edukasi, kebijakan manajeman dan kepatuhan dan pengawasan penggunaan APD.Kesimpulan: Program TB di PT X masih kurang, sehingga didapatkan empat prioritas pemecahan masalah agar jumlah penderita TB di PT X tidak meningkat. Prioritas terpenting yaitu adanya Pengawas Minum Obat dan diikuti oleh edukasi untuk pekerja bagian produksi dan diikuti oleh kebijakan manajemen dan kepatuhan dan pengawasan penggunaan APD

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Background: Since 1993, the WHO declared that TB is a global emergency for humanity. Although the DOTS strategy has proven highly effective for the control of TB, but the burden of TB disease in the community is still very high. With the advances achieved since 2003, it is estimated there are approximately 9.5 million new cases of TB, and about 0.5 million people died from TB worldwide. Number of patients with TB in the shoe factory PT X in Balaraja in January 2012 as many as 17 employees who suffer from TB, while the data until June 2013 obtained the total number of TB patients in PT X by 29 people. It is critical because the number of TB patients in Indonesia are starting to decline, whereas in PT X number of people with TB increased.

Methods: This study uses a systems approach to program evaluation. Data collected through the existing secondary data that the company is at the HR (Human Resource), and from the company clinic.

Results: Got some way out that procurement priorities PMO (Supervisory Drink Drugs), education, policy and compliance management and monitoring of the use Personal Protective equipment

Conclusion: TB program in PT X is still lacking, so we get four priorities problem solving that the number of TB patients in PT X is not improved. That is the most important priority Drinking and Drugs Supervisory followed by education for production workers and followed by management and compliance policies and monitoring the use of personal protective equipment."

"ABSTRAKModernisasi kota-kota besar di Indonesia terutama Jakarta meningkatkan jumlahperempuan bekerja dengan pcrubahan terhadap gaya hidup terutama dalam jumlahdan komposisi asupan makanan. Hal tersebut bila disertai dengan mulaimeourunnya honnon estrogen pada perempuan di awal masa klimakterlum,dikhawatirkan telah teljadi perubahan profil lipid dan distribusi lemak. Tujuanpcnalitian ini adalah diketahuinya asupan total energi dan asupan makronutrienserta profit lipid karyawati di awal rna.- klimakterium yaitu usia 35-45 tahun,serta hubungannya dengan ukuran lingkar pinggang. Stodi ini adalah studi potonglingtang yang dilakukan di Poliklinik Departemen Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata RJ.Sebanyak 66 orang karyawati menandatangani lembar persetujuan menjadisubyek pcnelitian, dengan 52 orang (78,8%) subyek menyelesaikan studi ini.Pengumpulan data ditakukan dengan wawancara, pcngukuran antropometri danpcaitaian asupan makanan menggunakan merode food record 3x24 jam.Dilakukan juga pemeriksaan tahoratorium untuk mengukur kadar kolesterol LDL,HDL dan trigliserida serum. Rerata ulruran lingkar pinggang subyek adalah 84,8 ±9,42 em dengao sebagian besar subyek (67,3%) tennasuk dalarn kategori lebih.Rerata asupan total energi subyek penelitian adalah 1571 ± 303,2 kkal, dengansebagian besar subyek tennasuk dalarn kategori cukup jika dibandingkan dengankebutoba energi total. Rerata asupan makronutrien untuk karbohidrat adalah 213,7± 40,73 gr (54,7 ± 6,24 o/oE), sera! 11,2 ± 4,52 gr, protein 54,0 ± 13,25 gr (13,7 ±1,89 %E), lemak 56,0 ± 17,76 gr (31,6 ± 5,62 %E), SAFA 25,8 ± 8,84 gr (14,6 ±3,44 %E), MUFA 14,1 ± 5,07 gr (8,0 ± 2,02 %E), PUFA 12,3 ± 5,85 gr (6,9 ±2,84 %E) dan kotesterol 242,2 ± 118,36 mg per hari. Berdesarkan aujuran asupanoleh PERKENI, asupan kaibohidrat, protein, MUF A dan PUF A sebagian besarsubyek dikategorlkan cukup. Sementara asupan lemak, SAP A dan kotesterolsebagian besar subyek dikategorikan lebih dan asupan serat kurang. Kadarkolesterol LDL, HDL dan trigliserida subyek berturut-turut adalah 126,3 ± 29,71m8fdL, 58,2 ± 9,46 mg/dL dan 84,7 ± 35,81 mg/dL. Kadar ko1esterol LDL dantrigliserida serum sebagian besar subyek dalam kategori normal. Kader kolesterolHDL serum seluruh subyek dahun kategori normal. Tidak terdapat hubunganbermakna antara jumlah asupan energi total dan masing-masing makronutrienterhadap ukuran lingkar pinggang. Namun terdepat korelasi derajat lemak antara kadar trigliserida serum dan ukuran lingkar pinggang.

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AbstractModernization on some major cities in Indonesia specially Jakarta bas raised thenumber of working women from year to year, and alter their !!restyle includingtheir total nutrition intake and macronutrient composition. Accompanied withdecreasing estrogen level in early climacteric women, there was big concern thatthere had been alteration on lipid profile and fat distribution among these women.The aim of the study was to evaluate daily intake of total energy, macronutrientsand lipid profile among healthy female government employee on earlyclimacteric phase (aged 35-45 years), and their association with waistcircumference. This cross sectional study took place in Cultural and TourismDepartment of Republic Indonesia. Sixty six women have provided consent,while 52 subjects (78.8%) have completed the study. Data collection wereconducted from interviews, anthropometric measurements and dietary assessmentusing 3 x 24 hours food record. Serum triglyceride, LDL, HDL cholesterol levelwere assessed as well. Mean value of waist circumference was 84.8 ± 9.42 em,and categorized as high, as well as on the majority of subjects (67.3 %).Meanvalue and standard deviation of to!al energy intake was 1571 ± 303,2 kcal, andcategorized as moderate. The mean intake value of carbohydrate was 213,7 ±40,73 g (54,7 ± 6,24 %E), fiber 11,2 ± 4.52 gr, protein 54.0 ± 13.25 g (13.7 ± 1.89%E), fut 56.0 ± 17.76 g (3L6 ± 5.62 %E), SAFA 25.8 ± 8.84 gr (14.6 ± 3.44%E), MUFA 14.1 ± 5.o7 gr (8.0 ± 2.02 %E), PUFA 12.3 ± 5.85 gr (6.9 ± 2.M%E) and cholesterol 242.2 ± 118.36 mg!day. Based on PER.KENIrecommendation for macronutrient intake, majority of subject's intake ofcarbohydrate, protein, MUFA and PUF A were categorized as moderate, the intakeof daily fat, SAFA and cholesterol were high, and all subject's intake of fiber waslow. Subject's serum LDL and HDL cholesterol level were 126.3 ± 29.71 mg/dLand 58.2 ± 9.46 mg/dL respectively, while serum triglyceride level was 84.7 ±35.81 mg!dL. Majority of subject's lipid profile categorized as normal. Nosignificant associations were found among total energy as well as macronutrientswith waist circumference. Nevertheless, there was weak significant associationbetween triglyceride serum level and waist circumference."