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"ABSTRACTCurrently airplane passengers in Indonesia have a wide selection of airplane ticket purchase applications (PTP Application). The existence of various PTP applications in Indonesia makes it easy for users to stop using the PTP application and move to another PTP application. This study aims to identify the factors that influence the customer's intention to continue the use of PTP Application. This study uses the expectation confirmation model (ECM) by adding a trust variable. 203 respondents participated in this study. The model was tested using SmartPLS 2.0. The results of the study show that satisfaction is an important variable that influences the customer's intention to continue using PTP applications. In addition, trust and perceived usefulness have a significant positive effect on the intention to continue using PTP applications. Confirmation and usefulness perceptions have a significant positive effect on satisfaction and trust. This study discusses results of research both in relation to the theoretical and practical context."

"Peningkatan penggunaan layanan mandiri telah menjadi tren di berbagai industri untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan kenyamanan pelanggan. Salah satu yang kerap dijumpai adalah penggunaan Self-Ordering Kiosk (SOK) di restoran cepat saji. SOK menawarkan berbagai jenis pembayaran nontunai, seperti kartu debit, kartu kredit, dan QRIS yang dapat menggantikan pembayaran secara tunai di kasir. Analisis dilakukan terhadap perubahan perilaku pembeli dari pembayaran tunai di kasir ke pembayaran nontunai di SOK pada restoran cepat saji McDonald’s Indonesia dengan memanfaatkan teori Push- Pull-Mooring (PPM). Peralihan pembayaran ini perlu dianalisis karena belum banyak diteliti dan memiliki potensi penting di era digital ks pembayaran tunai dan meningkatnya pembayaran nontunai. Selain itu, belum ada penelitian yang secara khusus mengeksplorasi faktor penggunaan SOK di Indonesia. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mendorong (push factor), menarik (pull factor), dan menghambat (mooring factor) perubahan tersebut. Analisis dilakukan secara kuantitatif menggunakan CB-SEM dengan data survei 744 responden dan dilanjutkan dengan analisis kualitatif menggunakan content analysis terhadap 31 narasumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa traditional payment habit memengaruhi inertia. Selain itu, inertia, transaction inconvenience, perceived usefulness, trust, perceived ease of use, dan mandatory interaction terbukti memengaruhi switching intention, serta switching intention memengaruhi switching behavior. Namun, facility constraints, employee service, dan control tidak memengaruhi switching intention. Pada faktor moderasi, inertia terbukti memoderasi seluruh hubungan faktor push dan pull terhadap switching intention, sedangkan facility constraints juga memoderasi hubungan faktor push dan pull terhadap switching intention, kecuali pada hubungan employee service dan control terhadap switching intention. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi berupa eksplorasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi perpindahan dari pembayaran tunai ke pembayaran nontunai di SOK McDonald’s Indonesia, memperkuat dan memberikan temuan baru terkait variabel untuk memahami faktor adopsi teknologi, serta memberikan justifikasi baru terkait variabel yang tidak berpengaruh terhadap perpindahan pengguna. Penelitian ini juga memberikan implikasi praktis bagi McDonald’s Indonesia untuk mengoptimalkan perangkat SOK, menawarkan pilihan pembayaran nontunai di SOK yang beragam dan terbaru, serta menginformasikan cara pembayaran nontunai yang lebih lengkap.

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The increasing use of self-service has become a trend across various industries with the aim of improving efficiency and customer convenience. One commonly seen application is the use of Self-Ordering Kiosks (SOK) in fast food restaurants. SOK offers various types of cashless payments, such as debit cards, credit cards, and QRIS, which can replace conventional cash payments at the cashier. The analysis was conducted on the shift in buyer behavior from conventional cashier payments to cashless payments at SOK in McDonald's Indonesia using the Push-Pull-Mooring (PPM) theory. The transition from cash to SOK payments needs to be analyzed in research because this change has not been widely studied and has significant potential in the digital era, characterized by a decline in cash usage and an increase in cashless payments. Moreover, no studies have specifically explored the factors of SOK usage in Indonesia. The main objective of this study is to identify the push, pull, and mooring factors of the change. The analysis was conducted quantitatively using CB-SEM with survey data of 744 respondents, followed by qualitative analysis using content analysis of 31 interviewees. The results showed that traditional payment habits affect inertia. In addition, inertia, transaction inconvenience, perceived usefulness, trust, perceived ease of use, and mandatory interaction are proven to affect switching intention, and switching intention affects switching behavior. However, facility constraints, employee service, and control do not influence switching intention. For moderating factors, the inertia factor is proven to moderate the entire relationship of push and pull factors to switching intention, while facility constraints also moderates the relationship between push and pull factors and switching intention except for the relationship between employee service and control and switching intention. This research contributes by exploring the factors influencing the shift from cash to cashless payments at SOK in McDonald's Indonesia, strengthening and providing new findings related to the variables used to understand technology adoption factors, and providing new justification related to variables that do not affect user transition. This research also provides practical implications for McDonald’s Indonesia to ensure optimization of SOK software and hardware, offer diverse and latest non-cash payment options at SOK, and provide comprehensive information on non-cash payment methods."

"Efikasi Pasta Gigi yang Mengandung Nano Kalsium dalam Memperbaiki Karies Dini. Menyikat gigi dengan pasta gigi adalah cara mekanis yang paling efektif dalam menghilangkan plak, mencegah karies gigi dan memperbaiki karies dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektifitas pasta gigi yang mengandung nano kalsium sebagai komponen aktif untuk memperbaiki karies dini dalam dua minggu. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain double-blind randomized parallel group clinical trial. Delapan belas orang secara acak diberikan pasta gigi yang diuji, dan delapan belas lainnya diberikan pasta gigi kontrol. Pengukuran karies dini dilakukan dengan menggunakan DIAGNOdent Pen pada saat sebelum dan sesudah dua minggu pemakaian pasta giginya. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pasta gigi uji secara signifikan efektif dalam memperbaiki karies dini dalam jangka waktu dua minggu, dibandingkan dengan pasta gigi kontrol. Pasta gigi yang mengandung nano-calcium memiliki potensi yang tinggi dalam mempercepat penyembuhan dari karies dini.

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Brushing teeth with toothpaste is the most effective method of removing plaque, preventing dental caries and repairing early caries. This research aims to conduct an efficacy test of toothpaste containing nano calcium as an active ingredient in repairing early caries over two weeks. A double-blind randomized parallel group clinical trial was conducted. Eighteen people were randomly assigned to use the test toothpaste, and eighteen others were assigned to use the control toothpaste. Assessments of early caries with DIAGNOdent Pen were performed before and after two weeks of toothpaste use. The results showed that the test toothpaste was more effective in repairing early caries over two weeks than the control toothpaste. Toothpaste containing nano-calcium has the potential to accelerate the healing of early dental caries.;Brushing teeth with toothpaste is the most effective method of removing plaque, preventing dental caries and repairing early caries. This research aims to conduct an efficacy test of toothpaste containing nano calcium as an active ingredient in repairing early caries over two weeks. A double-blind randomized parallel group clinical trial was conducted. Eighteen people were randomly assigned to use the test toothpaste, and eighteen others were assigned to use the control toothpaste. Assessments of early caries with DIAGNOdent Pen were performed before and after two weeks of toothpaste use. The results showed that the test toothpaste was more effective in repairing early caries over two weeks than the control toothpaste. Toothpaste containing nano-calcium has the potential to accelerate the healing of early dental caries."

"Pengukuran frekuensi, waktu dan lamanya sikat gigi pada populasi dewasa dan anak di Jakarta, Indonesia. Studi Epidemiologi sangatlah penting untuk mengevaluasi kesehatan gigi dan mulut suatu negara.Tujuan: Mendapatkan data frekuensi, waktu, dan lamanya menyikat gigi orang dewasa dan anak-anak di Jakarta, Indonesia.Metode: Sikat gigi yang telah berisi pencatat data dijital disebar secara acak pada 120 keluarga di Jakarta untuk mendapatkan data menyikat gigi dalam keluarga tersebut. Keluarga yang dianalisis adalah bapak, ibu dan dua orang anak yang berusia antara 6 ? 15 tahun.Hasil: Rerata frekuensi sikat gigi populasi penelitian adalah 1.27 kali per hari. Sebagian besar individu (46%) menyikat gigi pada pagi hari. Rerata waktu lamanya menyikat gigi adalah 57.29 detik. Frekuensi menyikat gigi ibu cenderung lebih tinggi daripada anggota keluarga yang lain, sementara bapak cenderung menyikat gigi lebih lama.Simpulan: Pendidikan efektif yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan lamanya dan frekuensi menyikat gigi dari satu kali menjadi dua kali masih sangat penting dilakukan di Indonesia.

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Epidemiological study of tooth brushing is essential to evaluate dental health of a country.

Objective: To obtain data on tooth brushing frequency, time of day and duration from adults and children in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Methods: Toothbrushes containing data loggers were distributed to 120 random families in Jakarta to record how many times a day, when and for how long subjects brushed their teeth. The families were each composed of a mother, father and two children aged between 6 and 15 years.

Results: The mean brushing frequency of the population was 1.27 times per day. The majority of the tooth brushing (46%) was performed in the morning. The mean tooth brushing duration of this population was 57.29 seconds. The mothers? tooth brushing frequencies tended to be higher than that of the other family members, and the fathers tended to brush their teeth longer.

Conclusion: Effective education aimed at increasing both the duration and frequency of tooth brushing from once to twice per day is urgently required in Indonesia."

"Pada era pandemi COVID-19 seperti ini, sistem pembelajaran dialihkan menjadi pembelajaran jarak jauh yang dilaksanakan secara online, tak terkecuali dengan kegiatan ujian. Sistem pembelajaran jarak jauh membutuhkan berbagai sarana teknologi yang dapat mendukung proses penilaian keseluruhan pembelajaran seperti sistem Computer-Based Test (CBT). Salah satu sarana yang mendukung dalam pengukuran pemahaman siswa yaitu dengan concept map. Penilaian pada concept map biasanya sulit dilakukan karena tidak ada batasan bagaimana concept map harus dibangun. Oleh karena itu, terdapat pendekatan alternatif lain yaitu framework Kit-Build concept map. Saat ini, sudah ada plugin question type pada Moodle untuk jawaban berupa concept map, namun belum terdapat plugin question type pada Moodle berupa concept map yang menerapkan metode Kit-Build. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dosen dan mahasiswa terkait pelaksanaan ujian online dengan menciptakan plugin question type pada Moodle berupa concept map dengan metode Kit-Build. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Waterfall untuk pengembangan dan User-Centered Design untuk perancangan desain antarmuka. Dengan ini, penelitian menghasilkan plugin question type pada Moodle dengan metode Kit-Build untuk dosen dan mahasiswa. Selanjutnya, dilakukan evaluasi untuk menilai usability perancangan desain secara kualitatif dengan usability testing dan kuantitatif melalui kuesioner System Usability Scale. Selain itu, dilakukan functional test untuk melakukan validasi apakah kebutuhan fungsional yang dikembangkan sudah terpenuhi atau tidak. Hasil perhitungan dari evaluasi SUS menunjukkan skor 86.428 dengan predikat A yang artinya sudah cukup baik.

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In the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, the systems of learning that we normally use has shifted towards a more online and distance learning, an example of this is the implementation of online exam activities held through zoom. Distance learning systems require various technological tools that can support the overall learning assessment process such as the Computer-Based Test (CBT) system. One of the tools that supports the measurement of student understanding is the concept map. Assessment of a concept map is usually difficult because there are no limits as to how the concept map should be constructed. However, there is an alternative approach to solve this issue which is through the Kit-Build concept map framework. Currently, there is a question type plugin on Moodle for answers in the form of concept maps, but there is no question type plugin on Moodle in the form of concept maps that apply to the Kit-Build method. This study aims to meet the needs of lecturers and students regarding the implementation of online exams by creating a question type plugin on Moodle in the form of a concept map using the Kit-Build method. This research uses the Waterfall Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) method for development and User-Centered Design for interface design. With this, the research resulted in a question type plugin on Moodle with the Kit-Build method for lecturers and students. Furthermore, an evaluation was carried out to assess the usability of the design qualitatively through usability testing and quantitatively through the System Usability Scale questionnaire. In addition, a functional test is conducted to validate whether the functional requirements developed have been met or not. Using the SUS evaluation, we also managed to accumulate a score of 86,428 with an A predicate, this number indicates an excellent result."

"Pada era pandemi COVID-19 seperti ini, sistem pembelajaran dialihkan menjadi pembelajaran jarak jauh yang dilaksanakan secara online, tak terkecuali dengan kegiatan ujian. Sistem pembelajaran jarak jauh membutuhkan berbagai sarana teknologi yang dapat mendukung proses penilaian keseluruhan pembelajaran seperti sistem Computer-Based Test (CBT). Salah satu sarana yang mendukung dalam pengukuran pemahaman siswa yaitu dengan concept map. Penilaian pada concept map biasanya sulit dilakukan karena tidak ada batasan bagaimana concept map harus dibangun. Oleh karena itu, terdapat pendekatan alternatif lain yaitu framework Kit-Build concept map. Saat ini, sudah ada plugin question type pada Moodle untuk jawaban berupa concept map, namun belum terdapat plugin question type pada Moodle berupa concept map yang menerapkan metode Kit-Build. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dosen dan mahasiswa terkait pelaksanaan ujian online dengan menciptakan plugin question type pada Moodle berupa concept map dengan metode Kit-Build. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Waterfall untuk pengembangan dan User-Centered Design untuk perancangan desain antarmuka. Dengan ini, penelitian menghasilkan plugin question type pada Moodle dengan metode Kit-Build untuk dosen dan mahasiswa. Selanjutnya, dilakukan evaluasi untuk menilai usability perancangan desain secara kualitatif dengan usability testing dan kuantitatif melalui kuesioner System Usability Scale. Selain itu, dilakukan functional test untuk melakukan validasi apakah kebutuhan fungsional yang dikembangkan sudah terpenuhi atau tidak. Hasil perhitungan dari evaluasi SUS menunjukkan skor 86.428 dengan predikat A yang artinya sudah cukup baik.

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In the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, the systems of learning that we normally use has shifted towards a more online and distance learning, an example of this is the implementation of online exam activities held through zoom. Distance learning systems require various technological tools that can support the overall learning assessment process such as the Computer-Based Test (CBT) system. One of the tools that supports the measurement of student understanding is the concept map. Assessment of a concept map is usually difficult because there are no limits as to how the concept map should be constructed. However, there is an alternative approach to solve this issue which is through the Kit-Build concept map framework. Currently, there is a question type plugin on Moodle for answers in the form of concept maps, but there is no question type plugin on Moodle in the form of concept maps that apply to the Kit-Build method. This study aims to meet the needs of lecturers and students regarding the implementation of online exams by creating a question type plugin on Moodle in the form of a concept map using the Kit-Build method. This research uses the Waterfall Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) method for development and User-Centered Design for interface design. With this, the research resulted in a question type plugin on Moodle with the Kit-Build method for lecturers and students. Furthermore, an evaluation was carried out to assess the usability of the design qualitatively through usability testing and quantitatively through the System Usability Scale questionnaire. In addition, a functional test is conducted to validate whether the functional requirements developed have been met or not. Using the SUS evaluation, we also managed to accumulate a score of 86,428 with an A predicate, this number indicates an excellent result."

"Dalam era digital saat ini, Indonesia mengalami pergeseran signifikan dalam metode pembayaran dari tunai ke non-tunai. Bank Indonesia bersama Asosiasi Sistem Pembayaran Indonesia (ASPI) meluncurkan Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) untuk memfasilitasi pembayaran kode QR di Indonesia. UMKM yang juga mendominasi merchant pengadopsi QRIS, memiliki andil besar terhadap perkembangan perekonomian Indonesia di masa mendatang. Ditinjau dari jenis usaha, salah satu sektor UMKM terbesar adalah industri kuliner, 70% dari UMKM di Indonesia bergerak di industri pangan atau kuliner. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor yang mempengaruhi niat perpindahan metode pembayaran dari tunai ke QRIS pada UMKM bidang kuliner dari perspektif pelaku usaha dengan menggunakan framework Push-pull-mooring (PPM). Melalui framework ini, faktor- faktor yang memengaruhi niat beralih pengguna dikelompokkan menjadi tiga faktor, yaitu faktor yang mendorong (push), menarik (pull), dan menghambat (mooring). Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data dengan Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS- SEM), melibatkan 227 responden valid yang merupakan pelaku usaha UMKM di bidang kuliner. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang push perpindahan metode pembayaran dari tunai ke QRIS pada UMKM bidang kuliner meliputi perceived risk, transaction inconvenience. Faktor pull perpindahan metode pembayaran meliputi ease of use, mobile usefulness, social influence, dan QRIS perceived benefit. Faktor mooring yang menghambat perpindahan metode pembayaran meliputi perceived distrust dan perceived switching cost. Kegunaan aplikasi QRIS memengaruhi niat beralih pelaku usaha untuk menggunakan QRIS secara signifikan, sehingga penyedia layanan QRIS diharapkan meningkatkan kualitas fitur notifikasi dan riwayat transaksi. Dengan demikian, pelaku usaha dapat lebih mudah memantau dan mengelola transaksi mereka, meningkatkan efisiensi operasional sehari-hari.

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In today's digital era, Indonesia is experiencing a significant shift in payment methods from cash to non-cash. Bank Indonesia, together with the Indonesian Payment System Association (ASPI), launched the Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) to facilitate QR code payments in Indonesia. MSMEs, which dominate merchants adopting QRIS, play a significant role in the future development of the Indonesian economy. Among various business types, the culinary industry stands out, with 70% of MSMEs in Indonesia engaged in food or culinary activities. This study aims to identify factors affecting the switching intention of payment methods from cash to QRIS in culinary MSMEs from the perspective of business owners' using the Push-Pull-Mooring (PPM) framework. Through this framework, the factors influencing user switching intentions are categorized into three groups: push factors, pull factors, and mooring factors. This research employs Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) for data analysis, involving 227 valid respondents who are MSME business owners' in the culinary field. The results indicate that the push factors for shifting payment methods from cash to QRIS in culinary MSMEs include perceived risk and transaction inconvenience. Pull factors include ease of use, mobile usefulness, social influence, and QRIS perceived benefit. Mooring factors that hinder the switch include perceived distrust and perceived switching cost. The usefulness of the QRIS application significantly influences business actors' intention to switch to QRIS. Therefore, QRIS service providers are encouraged to improve the quality of notification features and transaction history, enabling businesses to monitor and manage their transactions more effectively and improve daily operational efficiency."

"Dalam era digital saat ini, Indonesia mengalami pergeseran signifikan dalam metode pembayaran dari tunai ke non-tunai. Bank Indonesia bersama Asosiasi Sistem Pembayaran Indonesia (ASPI) meluncurkan Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) untuk memfasilitasi pembayaran kode QR di Indonesia. UMKM yang juga mendominasi merchant pengadopsi QRIS, memiliki andil besar terhadap perkembangan perekonomian Indonesia di masa mendatang. Ditinjau dari jenis usaha, salah satu sektor UMKM terbesar adalah industri kuliner, 70% dari UMKM di Indonesia bergerak di industri pangan atau kuliner. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor yang mempengaruhi niat perpindahan metode pembayaran dari tunai ke QRIS pada UMKM bidang kuliner dari perspektif pelaku usaha dengan menggunakan framework Push-pull-mooring (PPM). Melalui framework ini, faktor- faktor yang memengaruhi niat beralih pengguna dikelompokkan menjadi tiga faktor, yaitu faktor yang mendorong (push), menarik (pull), dan menghambat (mooring). Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data dengan Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS- SEM), melibatkan 227 responden valid yang merupakan pelaku usaha UMKM di bidang kuliner. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang push perpindahan metode pembayaran dari tunai ke QRIS pada UMKM bidang kuliner meliputi perceived risk, transaction inconvenience. Faktor pull perpindahan metode pembayaran meliputi ease of use, mobile usefulness, social influence, dan QRIS perceived benefit. Faktor mooring yang menghambat perpindahan metode pembayaran meliputi perceived distrust dan perceived switching cost. Kegunaan aplikasi QRIS memengaruhi niat beralih pelaku usaha untuk menggunakan QRIS secara signifikan, sehingga penyedia layanan QRIS diharapkan meningkatkan kualitas fitur notifikasi dan riwayat transaksi. Dengan demikian, pelaku usaha dapat lebih mudah memantau dan mengelola transaksi mereka, meningkatkan efisiensi operasional sehari-hari.

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In today's digital era, Indonesia is experiencing a significant shift in payment methods from cash to non-cash. Bank Indonesia, together with the Indonesian Payment System Association (ASPI), launched the Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) to facilitate QR code payments in Indonesia. MSMEs, which dominate merchants adopting QRIS, play a significant role in the future development of the Indonesian economy. Among various business types, the culinary industry stands out, with 70% of MSMEs in Indonesia engaged in food or culinary activities. This study aims to identify factors affecting the switching intention of payment methods from cash to QRIS in culinary MSMEs from the perspective of business owners' using the Push-Pull-Mooring (PPM) framework. Through this framework, the factors influencing user switching intentions are categorized into three groups: push factors, pull factors, and mooring factors. This research employs Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) for data analysis, involving 227 valid respondents who are MSME business owners' in the culinary field. The results indicate that the push factors for shifting payment methods from cash to QRIS in culinary MSMEs include perceived risk and transaction inconvenience. Pull factors include ease of use, mobile usefulness, social influence, and QRIS perceived benefit. Mooring factors that hinder the switch include perceived distrust and perceived switching cost. The usefulness of the QRIS application significantly influences business actors' intention to switch to QRIS. Therefore, QRIS service providers are encouraged to improve the quality of notification features and transaction history, enabling businesses to monitor and manage their transactions more effectively and improve daily operational efficiency."