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Abstrak :
Skripsi ini membahas mengenai persepsi ibu terhadap kesehatan gigi mulut dan status kesehatan gigi mulut anak prasekolah. Penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik potong lintang. Data persepsi ibu tentang kesehatan gigi dan mulut diambil dengan pengisian kuesioner Hiroshima University Dental Behaviour Inventory (HU-DBI) yang dimodifikasi. Data status kesehatan gigi mulut anak diambil menggunakan oral rating index dan oral debri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan status kesehatan gigi mulut anak lebih baik dibandingkan dengan ibunya dan ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara beberapa persepsi ibu mengenai kebiasaan ibu dalam menjaga kesehatan gigi mulut anaknya dengan status kesehatan gigi mulut anak. ......The focus of this study is maternal perception of oral health and oral health status in preschool children. This research is cross-sectional analytic. Data about maternal perception of oral health was carried out by using Hiroshima University Dental Behaviour Inventory that has been modified. Data about oral health status was carried out by using oral rating index and oral debri. The results showed oral health status of children is better than their mother and found a significant association between some maternal perceptions about taking care their children`s oral health with oral health status of children.

Abstrak :
Dental black stain merupakan diskolorisasi gigi berupa garis pigmen hitam atau kumpulan titik hitam pada sepertiga servikal mahkota gigi. Plak pada gigi dengan dental black stain memiliki kadar kalsium dan fosfat yang lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan plak pada gigi tanpa dental black stain. Komposisi kalsium dan fosfat pada saliva dicurigai merupakan penyebab tingginya kadar kalsium dan fosfat plak pada gigi dengan dental black stain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar kalsium dan fosfat pada saliva anak dengan dental black stain dengan saliva anak tanpa dental black stain. Subjek penelitian berusia 4-8 tahun, sebanyak 30 anak yang terdiri dari 15 anak dengan dental black stain dan 15 anak tanpa dental black stain. Pengukuran kadar kalsium dan fosfat dilakukan dengan metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar kalsium dan fosfat pada saliva anak dengan dental black stain lebih tinggi secara bermakna jika dibandingkan dengan saliva anak tanpa dental black stain. ......Dental black stain is discoloration of the teeth which appears as black pigmented line or collection of black dots on the cervical third of the tooth crown. Plaque on tooth with dental black stain has calcium and phosphate concentrations that were higher when compared to plaque on tooth without dental black stain. Calcium and phosphate composition in saliva suspected as the cause of calcium and phosphate level elevation in dental black staion plaque. This study aims to determine the level diffrence of calcium and phosphate in the saliva of children with dental black stain and without dental black stain. The subjects were children aged 4-8 years, as many as 30 children which consist of 15 children with dental black stain and 15 children without dental black stain. The samples were calcium and phosphate levels which obtained from children’s saliva. The levels of calcium and phosphate were measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that the levels of calcium and phosphate in the saliva of children with dental black stain were significantly higher when compared to the one without dental black stain.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Fotografi kedokteran gigi semakin umum digunakan dalam praktik. Salah satu tujuan fotografi kedokteran gigi adalah untuk evaluasi perawatan. Kualitas foto digital dipengaruhi oleh resolusi foto. Restorasi GIC sering digunakan pada gigi anak dan perlu dievaluasi secara berkala. Di era digital ini, evaluasi restorasi melalui foto digital menjadi pilihan. Evaluasi restorasi menggunakan kriteria FDI efektif digunakan dalam klinis. Tujuan: Untuk membandingkan perbedaan resolusi foto digital dan klinis sebagai media evaluasi restorasi GIC pada gigi sulung. Metode Penelitian: Terdapat 40 buah gigi molar pertama sulung rahang bawah dari 31 pasien anak usia 4-9 tahun di RSKGM FKG UI. Seluruh gigi diperiksa dan dievaluasi secara klinis, kemudian diambil foto menggunakan kamera dSLR sebanyak tiga kali dengan resolusi rendah (8 MP), resolusi sedang (15,3 MP), dan resolusi tinggi (32 MP). Kemudian hasil foto dievaluasi. Restorasi GIC klinis dan foto digital dievaluasi menggunakan kriteria FDI. Seluruh data yang terkumpul dianalisa dengan uji komparatif kategorik Pearson Chi-Square dengan kemaknaan p<0,05. Hasil: Dengan uji komparatif, didapatkan hasil berbeda tidak bermakna secara statistik pada kelompok klinis dengan foto digital resolusi rendah, sedang, dan tinggi sebagai media evaluasi restorasi GIC pada gigi sulung. Kesimpulan: Fotografi digital dapat menjadi alat yang berguna untuk menilai status restorasi. Foto digital dapat mewakili keadaan klinis restorasi GIC gigi sulung. Dalam pemanfaatannya pada praktik kedokteran gigi, penelitian ini merekomendasikan untuk menggunakan foto digital di antara resolusi rendah dan sedang (8-15,3 MP) sebagai media evaluasi restorasi GIC pada gigi sulung, yaitu setara dengan kamera smartphone ataupun kamera poket. ......Background: Dental photography is increasingly being used in practice. One of the purposes of dental photography is for treatment evaluation. Photo resolution affects the picture quality. GIC restorations are frequently used on pediatric teeth and need to be evaluated periodically. In this digital era, evaluation of restoration through digital photos is an option. Evaluation of restorations using FDI criteria is effective in clinical use. Purpose: To compare differences in digital photo resolution and clinical as an evaluation of GIC restioration in primary teeth. Material and Methods: There were 40 mandibular primary first molars from 31 pediatric patients aged 4-9 years at RSKGM FKG UI. All teeth were examined and clinically evaluated, then three photos were taken using a dSLR camera with low resolution (8 MP), medium resolution (15 MP), and high resolution (32 MP). Then the photos are evaluated. Clinical GIC restorations and digital photographs were evaluated using FDI criteria. All collected data were analyzed using the Pearson Chi-Square categorical comparative test with a significance p<0.05. Result: With comparative test, there were no statistically significant differences in clinical groups with low resolution, clinical with medium resolution, and clinical with high resolution as media for evaluating GIC restorations in primary teeth. Conclusion: Digital photography can be used as a supporting tool to evaluate reatoration status. Digital photos can represent the clinical state of GIC restorations. In dental practice, this study recommends using digital photos between low and medium resolution (8-15.3 MP) as media for evaluating GIC restorations in primary teeth, which are equivalent to smartphone cameras or pocket cameras.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Obesitas merupakan kondisi patologis akibat terjadinya penimbunan lemak yang berlebih dibandingkan dengan keadaan normal. Leptin (Ob) merupakan salah satu hormon yang dapat menggambarkan jumlah jaringan lemak di dalam tubuh sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai indikator biologis untuk mengukur tingkat obesitas. Anak obesitas diketahui memiliki pertumbuhan tulang kraniofasial yang lebih cepat. Salah satu pengukuran pertumbuhan tulang kraniofasial dapat dilakukan dengan menghitung besar sudut gonial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar hormon leptin saliva dengan sudut gonial anak obesitas. Seluruh subyek dinilai kadar hormon leptin saliva menggunakan metode ELISA dan penghitungan besar sudut gonial dilakukan dari interpretasi foto panoramik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hubungan yang negatif sangat lemah tidak bermakna antara kadar hormon leptin saliva dan sudut gonial (r= - 0.02, p=0.490). Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat korelasi yang bermakna antara kadar hormon leptin saliva dan sudut gonial.

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ABSTRACT
Obesity is a pathological condition resulting from the occurrence of excess bodyfat compared to normal circumstances. Leptin (Ob) is one of the hormones that could describe the amount of fatty tissue in the body so it could be used as biological indicators to measure the degree of obesity. Obese children were known to have a faster craniofacial bone growth. The measurement of craniofacial bone growth could be conducted by calculating the gonial angle. This study aimed to investigate relationship of salivary leptin hormone concentrations with gonial angle in obese children. All subjects were assessed by ELISA method for the salivary leptin hormone concentrations and measurement of the gonial angle by using interpretation of a panoramic radiographs. An insignificant very weak negative correlation was found between salivary leptin hormone concentrations and gonial angle (r= -0.02, p=0.490). This study concluded that between salivary leptin hormone concentrations and gonial angle has insignificant correlation.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Dimensi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan skeletomaksilofasial ke arah transversal, sagittal dan vertikal, dan dimensi sinus frontalis merupakan bagian dari skelotomaksilofasial. Sampai saat ini, Maturasi Vertebra Servikalis (MVS) digunakan sebagai salah satu indikator pertumbuhan skeletomaksilofasial pada anak, serta menentukan saat yang tepat dimulainya perawatan ortopedik. Sinus Frontalis dikatakan dapat menjadi alternatif indikator pertumbuhan dan perkembangan skeletomaksilofasial selain MVS, namun masih diperlukan pembuktian lebih lanjut melalui analisis secara komperehensif. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara maturasi vertebra servikalis Baccetti dengan dimensi sinus frontalis Ertuk pada kelompok usia 8-16 tahun terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan skeletomaksilofasial. Metode Penelitian: Studi ini menggunakan 90 radiograf sefalometri lateral anak kelompok usia 8-16 tahun. Metode penelitian, deskriptif analitik, dan cross-sectional. Sampel radiograf sefalometri lateral dikelompokkan dalam 3 kelompok, yaitu pre-pubertal, pubertal, dan post-pubertal sesuai dengan metode maturasi vertebra servikalis Baccetti, dan dimensi sinus frontalis Ertuk merupakan pengukuran tinggi dan lebar sinus frontalis. Hasil: Analisis data, dengan uji korelasi spearman menunjukkan pada kelompok pre-pubertal, tingkat korelasi antara maturasi vertebra servikalis dengan tinggi sinus frontalis, sedang (r=0,433) dan bermakna (p £ 0.05), pada kelompok peak-pubertal tingkat korelasi antara maturasi vertebra servikalis dengan tinggi sinus frontalis lemah (r=0,147), tidak bermakna (p 3 0.05), dan pada kelompok post-pubertal, tingkat korelasi tingkat korelasi antara maturasi vertebra servikalis dengan tinggi sinus frontalis kuat (r=510), dan bermakna (p £ 0.05). Sedangkan korelasi maturasi vertebra servikalis per-pubertal, peak-pubertal, dan post-pubertaldengan lebar sinus frontalis lemah (r=0,195-0,288), dan tidak bermakna (p3 0.05). Kesimpulan: Tinggi sinus frontalis Ertuk masa pre-pubertal dan post-pubertal mempunyai korelasi sedang-kuat dengan maturasi vertebra servikal Baccetti, sehingga dapat digunakan indikator pertumbuhan dan perkembangan skeletomaksilofasial ......Background: The dimensions of growth and development of skeletomaxillofacial towards transverse, sagittal, vertical, and the dimensions of the frontal sinus are part of skeletomaxillofacial. Until now, Cervical Vertebra Maturation (CVM) is one indicator of skeletomaxillofacial growth in children, and determining the appropriate time to start orthopedic treatment. The frontal sinus is said to be an indicator growth and development in addition to CVM, but further evidence is still needed through comprehensive analysis. Objective: To analyze the relationship between Baccetti cervical vertebral maturation and Ertuk's frontal sinus dimensions in the 8-16 years age group on skeletomaxillofacial growth and development. Research Methods: This study used 90 lateral cephalometric radiographs of children aged 8-16 years. Research methods, analytic descriptive, and cross-sectional. These samples of lateral cephalometric radiographs were grouped into 3 groups, namely pre-pubertal, pubertal, and post-pubertal according to the Baccetti cervical vertebra maturation method, and the Ertuk frontal sinus dimension was a measurement of frontal sinus height and width. Results: Data analysis, with the Spearman correlation test showed in the pre-pubertal group, the level of correlation between cervical vertebral maturation with frontal sinus height, moderate (r=0.433) and significant (p≤ 0.05), in the peak-pubertal group the level of correlation was the degree of correlation between maturation of the cervical vertebra with the height of the frontal sinus are low (r=0.147), unsignificant (p≥ 0.05), and in the post-pubertal group, the degree of correlation between the maturation of the cervical vertebra with the height of the frontal sinus is strong (r=0.510), and significant (p≤0.05). Meanwhile, the correlation of pre- pubertal, peak-pubertal and post-pubertal cervical vertebra maturation with width of the frontal sinus was weak (r=0.195-0.288) and unsignificant (p≥ 0.05). Conclusion: Height of the pre pubertal and post pubertal frontal sinuses have moderate- strong relationship with Baccetti cervical vertebra maturation can be used as an indicators of skeletomaxillofacial growth and development.

Abstrak :
Sindroma Down disebabkan abnormalitas kromosom yaitu nondisjuction kromosom 21 dengan karakteristik tertentu. Anak sindroma Down memiliki resistensi yang baik terhadap karies. sIgA di dalam saliva merupakan tanda diaktivasinya respon imun humoral di dalam rongga mulut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar sIgA saliva dengan karies anak sindroma Down. Subjek penelitian berusia 15-17 tahun, sebanyak 34 orang yang tediri dari 17 anak sindroma Down dan 17 anak normal. Seluruh subjek penelitian dinilai kadar sIgA saliva menggunakan ELISA tidak langsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukan hubungan negatif kuat bermakna antara kadar sIgA saliva dan karies anak sindroma Down (r=-0.628, p=0.007). Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar sIgA saliva dan karies anak sindroma Down.

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Down syndrome is caused by chromosomal abnormalities nondisjuction chromosome 21 with particular characteristics. Down syndrome children have a good resistance against caries. sIgA in the saliva is a sign activated humoral immune response in the oral cavity. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of salivary sIgA concentrations with caries Down syndrome children. Subjects aged 15-17 years, a total of 34 people consisting of 17 Down's syndrome children and 17 normal children. All subject of the study assessed the concentratios of salivary sIgA using indirect ELISA. The results showed an significant strong negative correlation was found between salivary sIgA concentration and caries Down syndrome children (r = -0628, p = 0.007). This study established that salivary sIgA concentration and caries Down syndrome children was significant correlation.

Abstrak :
Background: Protein is one of the nutrients that teeth need during growth, maturation and, after eruption. Protein consists of plantprotein and animal protein. Plantprotein has the highest average percentage of daily protein consumption inIndonesia.Plantprotein is found in nuts, tofu, and tempeh. The content of food sources of plantprotein has many benefits that are good for oral health.At the age of 8-9 years permanent first molar teeth have erupted they can experience caries within 1-2 years after eruption because of their morphological and functional characteristics. In children, dental caries is one of the most frequent chronic infectious diseases occur and have close links with nutrition.While snacks may also contribute to oral health problems.Aim: To determine the relationship between the level of consumption of plant protein and cariogenic food with the occurrence of permanent dental first molar teeth in children aged 8-9 years in Central Jakarta. Methods: This study isa cross-sectional observational analytic study. The subjects of the study were 109 children aged 8-9 years who were studying State Primary School in Central Jakarta. Teeth examined for permanent first molar teeth that have been erupted. The measuring instrument used was a questionnaire and caries assessment using classification (ICDAS). Result:.The results of the study showed the frequency distribution of caries as follows; 1.8% caries free, 63.3% enamel caries, and 34.9% dentin-pulp caries. Meanwhile, consumption of vegetable protein with caries depth and consumption of snack foods with depth of caries both showed very weak correlation results (r = 0.00-0.199) and there was no statistically significant difference (P> 0.05).Conclusion: There is a very weak correlation between consumption of vegetable protein and snack food with the depth of caries in permanent first molars in children aged 8-9 years in Central Jakarta, and there is no statistically significant difference

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Saat ini, masih banyak ibu yang belum melakukan perawatan pada gigi anaknya yang mengalami trauma gigi. Penelitian sebelumnya menyatakan bahwa kondisi sosiodemografi ibu (pendapatan, jarak tempat tinggal-fasilitas kesehatan, orang yang berpengaruh) mempengaruhi keputusan ibu dalam perawatan kesehatan anak. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara status sosiodemografi ibu dan keputusan perawatan pada kasus trauma gigi anterior anak. Metode: Studi analitik potong lintang. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 50 ibu dari anak yang mengalami trauma gigi permanen anterior usia 8-12 tahun di sekolah dasar negeri di Johar Baru, Jakarta Pusat. Hasil: Terdapat hubungan antara aspek sosiodemografi pendapatan, jarak rumah dan orang yang mempengaruhi ibu dengan keputusan perawatan trauma pada gigi permanen anterior anak (p<0,05).

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ABSTRACT
Background: Nowadays, most mothers have not seek the treatment on children’s traumatized permanent anterior teeth. Previous research stated that mothers’ sociodemographic conditions (income, home-health facility distance, influencing person) affect mothers’ decision of children health care. Aim: Determine the relationship between mothers’ sociodemographic status and treatment decisions on children’s traumatized permanent anterior teeth. Method: Cross-sectional analytic study. Research subjects were 50 mothers of children aged 8-12 years old with traumatized permanent anterior teeth in public elementary school at Johar Baru, Central Jakarta. Result: There is a relationship between sociodemographic aspects of income, home-health facility distance, and influencing person with trauma care decisions on permanent anterior teeth of children (p<0.05).

Abstrak :
Metode manajemen perilaku modelling dan Tell-Show-Do dapat difasilitasi media,salah satu media yang efektif adalah video. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahuiperbedaan tingkat kecemasan sebelum dan sesudah penayangan video restorasigigi pada anak usia 7-8 tahun. Tahapan penelitian berupa uji kualitas video dankuesioner FIS yang dimodifikasi dan uji kuantitatif terhadap perbedaan tingkatkecemasan dengan prosedur berupa pengisian kuesioner FIS yang dimodifikasisebelum dan sesudah penayangan video pada 57 anak. Analisis statistikmenggunakan uji Wilcoxon dengan batas kemaknaan 0,05. Terdapat perbedaantingkat kecemasan sebelum dan sesudah penayangan video restorasi gigi padaanak usia 7-8 tahun, namun perbedaan tersebut tidak bermakna. ......Modelling and Tell Show Do can be facilitated by media, one of effective mediais video. This study aimed to determine difference in anxiety level before andafter dental restoration video view in children aged 7 8 years. Research procedures were video and modified FIS questionnaire quality test and quantitative test of anxiety level difference by filling modified FIS questionnaire before and after video view by 57 children. Statistical analysis was done using Wilcoxon test with a significance limit of 0.05. There is difference in anxiety level before and after dental restoration video view, but the difference is not significant.

Abstrak :
Modelling dan Tell-Show-Do termasuk dalam metode tata laksana perilaku kecemasan dental anak. Video efektif digunakan dalam bidang kesehatan. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui perbedaan tingkat kecemasan sebelum dan setelah penayangan video restorasi gigi anak yang diujikan pada usia 10-11 tahun. Responden berjumlah 66 anak dengan pengukuran tingkat kecemasan menggunakan Facial Image Scale modifikasi. Penelitian terdiri dari uji kualitatif terhadap kuisioner dan video dan uji kuantitatif terhadap tingkat kecemasan anak. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji Wilcoxon dengan batas kemaknaan 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna tingkat kecemasan sebelum dan setelah penayangan video restorasi gigi anak. Video tidak menimbulkan tingkat kecemasan yang lebih buruk. ......Modelling and Tell Show Do are included as child dental anxiety management. Video is effective to be used in health field. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference of anxiety level before and after video viewing for children aged 10 11 years. The study was divided into qualitative test for validating Modified FIS and video, and quantitative test for anxiety level on 66 children. Statistical analysis was using Wilcoxon test with significance level of 0.05. The results showed significant difference between anxiety level before and after child dental restoration video viewing. The video does not cause worse anxiety level.