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"Geographically, Kabung Bay coastal waters is located at 100° 22'24? - 100°20?79? EL and 01° 06?22?- 01° OT45? SL. This region consists of intertidal areas, shallow sea waters (mudflats, gravel-sandflats, and sandflats), mangrove ecosystem, and coral reef. In the vicinity of Kabung Bay, there are many small islands that have been used as ecotourism sites such as Pasumpahan, Sikuai and Serandah islands. In those areas, there are some clam species which are commonly consumpted by local people such as Anadara antiquate, Katalysia japonica, and Gafrarium tumidum. Gafranium tumidum, known as kerang Kopah, is the most abundant in those areas and has been the most utilized by communities. However, their population density may be decreased due to the recent open access for those islands especially the tourism purposes."

"Mangrove ecosystem has been studied by many researchers in several topics, such as mangrove density, litter production and decomposition rate, nutrients dynamic, and structure of aquatic organism communities. Since their studies are incomplete, the comprehensive study about mangrove ecology as a unity of vegetations, water and sediment environments, and their relationships on the aquatic organisms, specifically plankton and infernal macrobenthic need more attention. The research was conducted at Blanakan mangrove pond from March - October 2008 which diveded into 4 sampling site such as tambak terbuka (TB), tambak tumpang sari (TS), tambak tanah timbul (IT) and tambak perhutani (TP). The aims of this research were to know and to analysis; (1) standing stock, structure, and composition of mangrove vegetation at Blanakan mangrove pond, (2) production and decomposition of mangrove litter, (3) abiotic factors, (4) the potency of nutrients, (5) the structure of plankton and infaunal macrobenthic Blanakan mangrove pond."

"Keberlanjutan ekosistem pesisir rentan terhadap bebagai aktivitas manusia, dan bencana alam salah satunya tsunami. Pada Desember 2018, tsunami akibat dari longsoran dinding Anak Krakatau, mengakibatkan 207 orang meninggal dunia dan 11.453 orang mengungsi di Kabupaten Pandeglang. Masalah pada penelitian ini adalah tsunami berdampak pada menurunnya kemampuan ekosistem menghasilkan jasa sehingga diperlukan perencanaan spasial yang tepat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membangun skenario model perencanaan spasial untuk pengurangan risiko bencana tsunami. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis spasial, valuasi ekonomi jasa ekosistem, analisis statistik bivariat, dan permodelan system dynamics untuk menyusun skenario model perencanaan spasial. Hasil penelitian menunjukan 16 kelas jasa ekosistem yang telah dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat pesisir Pandeglang. Tsunami Anak Krakatau 2018 menggenangi 5.793 hektar daerah pesisir, dengan nilai kerugian sebesar 133.204.353.760 Rupiah. Sebanyak 47% masyarakat memiliki tingkat pengetahuan jasa ekosistem menengah, sementara 45% masyarakat memiliki tingkat pengetahuan bencana tsunami yang rendah. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah sekenario intervensi peningkatan partisipasi masyarakat terhadap pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove dengan memanfaatkan produk olahan mangrove, serta pengurangan konversi mangrove menjadi tambak dapat menaikan luas area mangrove, dan luas pesisir terlindung.

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Sustainability of coastal ecosystems is threatened by various human activities, and natural disasters, such as tsunami. In December 2018, tsunami resulted from Anak Krakatau flank collapsed caused in 207 casualties and 11,453 people being displaced in Pandeglang Regency. Research problem is that the tsunami reducing the ecosystem's ability to produce services, therefore, appropriate spatial planning is needed. This research aims to build a spatial planning model scenario for tsunami disasters risk reduction. Methods used in this research are spatial analysis, economic valuation of ecosystem services, bivariate analysis to assess relationships between variables, and system dynamics modeling to develop spatial planning model scenarios. This research shows 16 classes of ecosystem services have been utilized by Pandeglang coastal community. The 2018 Anak Krakatau tsunami inundated 5,793 hectares of coastal areas, and caused economic loss 133,204,353,760 Rupiah. 47% of coastal community have a medium knowledge of ecosystem services level, while 45% of people have a low tsunami disaster level knowledge. In conclusion, scenario of increasing community participation in mangrove ecosystem management by cultivating mangrove products, as well as reducing the conversion of mangroves able to increase mangroves area, and coastlines protection."