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"Kompleks Gunungapi Rawa Danau berada di Provinsi Banten terbentuk akibat letusan dari gunungapi purba. Tersusun atas lava yang berumur kuarter berasal dari Gunung Karang, Gunung Parakasak, Gunung Tukung Gede, Gunung Marikangen dan Gunung Dano Purba yang berkaitan dengan subduksi lempeng Indo-Australia dan Eurasia di selatan Pulau Jawa. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini untuk mengetahui jenis dari lava penyusun gunungapi, mengetahui evolusi magma serta tatanan tektonik pada daerah penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode petrografi dan geokimia dengan analisis X-ray Fluorescence (XRF). Daerah penelitian terdiri dari mineral plagioklas, piroksen, olivin, dan amfibol serta terdapat mikro-tekstur plagioklas berupa coarse sieve, glomerocryst, oscillatory, fine sieve, dan clear. Jenis batuan yang berada di daerah penelitian adalah andesit-basaltik, basaltik trachyandesite, andesit, trachyandesite, dasit, dan trachyte trachydacite. Daerah penelitian memiliki jenis magma yaitu kalk-alkalin. Berdasarkan diagram Harker, terlihat tren yang jelas sehingga magmanya bersifat ko-genetik. Berdasarkan keberadaan amfibolnya terbagi menjadi 3 tren yaitu tren Gunung Karang yang merupakan amfibol bearing, tren Gunung Parakasak merupakan amfibol free, dan tren Gunung Tukung Gede yang merupakan amfibol free dan amfibol bearing. Proses magmatisme yang dominan terjadi pada daerah penelitian berupa fraksinasi kristal dan Proses tektonik yang terjadi adalah subduksi busur benua yang memiliki kedalaman zona Benioff-Wadati sekitar ±118 Km - ±138 Km.

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The Rawa Danau Volcanoes complex is located in Banten Province. This volcano complex was formed by ancient volcanoes eruptions. It is Composed by quarterly lava originating from Mount Karang, Mount Parakasak, Mount Tukung Gede, Mount Marikangen and Mount Dano Purba which are associated with the subduction zone of the Indo-Australian plate and Eurasian plate in the southern Java. The purpose of this study is to find out the type of lava constituents of this volcano complex, to know the evolution of magma, and the tectonic history of Rawa Danau Volcanoes Complex as the study area. This study uses petrographic method and geochemical methods with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis. The study area consists of plagioclase, pyroxene, olivine, and amphibole minerals. There are also micro-textures of plagioclase in the form of coarse sieve, glomerocryst, oscillatory, fine sieve, and clear. Divided into two groups of rocks, namely the group of amphibole bearing rocks and amphibole free rocks. The SiO₂ content of this area is 55% to 71%, that is why the rock are andesite-basaltic, basaltic trachyandesite, andesite, trachyandesite, dacite, and trachyte trachydacite. The type of magma is calc-alkaline. Based on the Harker diagram, the study area has a clear trend so that the magma is co-genetic, then that trend is divided into two, namely positive trend and negative trend. However, based on the presence of amphibole mineral, it is divided into three trends, namely Karang trend, which is an amphibole bearing zone, Parakasak trend is an amphibole free zone, and Tukung Gede trend, which is an amphibole free zone and amphibole bearing zone. The dominant process of magmatism in the study area was fractional crystallization and the tectonic processes that occurred was continental arc subduction which had a Benioff-Wadati zone depth of approximately ± 118 Km - ± 138 Km."

"Daerah Sukatani berada di Selatan Jawa memiliki potensi terjadi bencana tsunami yang diakibatkan oleh gempa bumi besar dari proses pergerakan di zona subduksi. Catatan sejarah kejadian tsunami di Selatan Jawa masih terbatas, sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian identifikasi endapan paleotsunami. Daerah Sukatani dipilih sebagai lokasi penelitian karena belum ada penelitian mengenai paleotsunami di daerah ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui sejarah kejadian paleotsunami di daerah Sukatani yang masih sangat terbatas. Pengambilan sampel kode KRB 03 sepanjang 193 cm dilakukan di Pantai Karang Bolong, Kecamatan Surade, Kabupaten Sukabumi. Untuk mengetahui lapisan endapan paleotsunami dilakukan beberapa analisis laboratorium seperti analisis ukuran butir (granulometri), loss on Ignition (LOI), geokimia unsur jejak, dan analisis foraminifera. Dari analisis yang terlah dilakukan didapatkan satu lapisan endapan paleotsunami di kedalaman 164 hingga 186 cm. Hasil analisis ukuran butir diketahui lapisan endapan paleotsunami memiliki rata-rata ukuran butir antara kerikil halus hingga pasir halus, sortasi sedang hingga sangat buruk, kurtosis tipe very platykurtic hingga very leptokurtic, dan skewness tipe very fine skewed hingga very coarse skewed. Hasil analisis Loss on Ignition (LoI) diketahui lapisan endapan paleotsunami memiliki kandungan material organik yang rendah dan material karbonat yang lebih tinggi. Hasil analisis geokimia unsur jejak diketahui lapisan endapan paleotsunami memiliki kandungan unsur Ca dan Sr yang lebih tinggi. Hasil analisis foraminifera didapatkan foraminifera bentonik dengan lingkungan neritik tengah yang diperkirakan sebagai sumber endapan paleotsunami.

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The Sukatani area in southern Java has the potential for a tsunami disaster caused by a large earthquake from the movement process in the subduction zone. The historical record of tsunami events in southern Java is still limited, so it is necessary to conduct research on the identification of paleotsunami deposit. The Sukatani area was chosen as the research location because there was no research on paleotsunami in this area. This research was conducted to determine the history of ancient tsunami events in the Sukatani area which is still very limited. Sampling code KRB 03 along 193 cm was carried out at Karang Bolong Beach, Surade District, Sukabumi Regency. To determine the paleotsunami sediment layer, several laboratory analyzes were carried out such as grain size analysis (granulometry), loss on Ignition (LOI), trace element geochemistry and foraminifera analysis. From the analysis that has been carried out, it is found that one paleotsunami deposit layer is at a depth of 164 to 186 cm. The results of grain size analysis show that the paleotsunami sediment layer has an average grain size of fine gravel to fine sand, moderate to very poor sorting, very platykurtic to very leptokurtic types of kurtosis, and very fine skewed to very coarse skewed types of skewness. The results of the loss on Ignition (LOI) analysis show that the paleotsunami sediment layer has a low content of organic material and higher carbonate material. The results of trace element geochemistry analysis show that the paleotsunami sediment layer has higher levels of Ca and Sr. The results of foraminifera analysis obtained bentonic foraminifera with middle neritic environments which are thought to be the source of paleotsunami deposits."

"Pantai Bagedur berada di Kabupaten Lebak, Banten memiliki karakteristik sedimen yang diduga terendapkannya endapan tsunami purba. Daerah penelitian termasuk ke dalam Endapan Aluvium (Qa) dan Endapan Undak Pantai (Qc) pada Peta Regional Lembar Cikarang (Sudana & Santoso, 1992). Sampel sedimen lepas bawah permukaan diambil menggunakan metode lubang bor tangan pada delapan stasisun penelitian dengan kedalaman yang bervariasi. Penelitian kali ini berfokus terhadap studi provenance dari endapan tsunami purba dan juga karakteristiknya berdasarkan geokimia. Metode analisis yang digunakan berupa analisis petrografi, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), dan X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). Hasil analisis petrografi menunjukkan bahwa tipe provenance utama dari daerah penelitian menurut diagram Q-F-L dan Qm-F-Lt (Dickinson & Suzcek, 1979) adalah recycled orogen. Kerangka tektonik yang mempengaruhi dari tipe provenance recyceled orogen merupakan zona subduksi dan diinterpretasikan ada kaitannya dengan subduksi di selatan Pulau Jawa. Berdasarkan analisis XRD dan XRF, didapatkan bahwa didominasi oleh senyawa SiO2, Al2O3, dan Fe2O3 dan pada stasiun BG 06 memiliki unsur yang dominanas berasal dari Laut. Endapan tsunami mengalami erosi dan pelapukan yang cukup tinggi.

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Bagedur Coast in Lebak Districts, Banten has sediment characteristic that assumed as deposit of paleotsunami deposit. The Research area consisted of Alluvium Deposit (Qa) and Beach Terrace Deposit (Qc) from Geological Map of Cikarang (Sudana & Santoso, 1992). Loose Sediment sample have collected using Hand Auger drilling methods from eight observation stations with various depth. This research is focused in provenance study from paleotsunami deposit and geochemistry characteristics. The method that used is petrography analysis, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). The result of petrography analysis show the type of provenance from research area according to Q-F-L dan Qm-F-Lt diagram (Dickinson & Suzcek, 1979) is recycled orogen. Geological setting that control provenance type of recycled orogen is subduction tectonic regime and interpreted to be related with subduction in South of Java. Based on XRD and XRF analysis, SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 are the dominating compound and from BG 06 station can be concluded the dominant deposit is originate from marine environment. Paleotsunami deposit have been undergone extreme erosion and weathering."