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Abstrak :
[Penelusuran kolagen dari lapisan dalam rempela ayam kampung dan ayam negri diidentifikasi dengan cara tanpa perendaman dan dengan perendaman basa NaOH. Sifat fisiokimia kolagen dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) dan Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate – Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS PAGE). Keberadaan kolagen dari sampel tanpa perendaman diketahui dari gugus fungsi molekul khas yang menyerap radiasi infra merah pada bilangan gelombang tertentu. Pada sampel dengan perendaman basa NaOH, memperlihatkan hilangnya gugus amida pada beberapa daerah jangkauan bilangan gelombang. Selain itu, perendaman juga mengurangi semua komponen kolagen dalam sampel. Kolagen yang berasal dari lapisan dalam rempela ayam merupakan kolagen tipe I dari hasil pemeriksaan bobot unit molekul sampel dengan uji SDS PAGE. Bentuk morfologi dari kolagen ini adalah berbentuk serat kecil dengan partikel-partikel kecil yang teramati menutup serat pada perbesaran kecil. Sementara kandungan atom penyusunnya merupakan susunan umum atom yang terdapat pada protein yaitu karbon, oksigen, fosfor dan sulfur dengan sedikit unsur pengotor. ......The collagen resulted from inner layer of free-range chicken and broiler chicken gizzard were identified by means of submersion with NaOH base and without submersion. The physiochemical of collagen were characterized with Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) andSodium Dodecyl Sulphate – Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS PAGE). The presence of collagens in sample without submersion were observed from typical molecular functional group absorbing infrared radiation at a particular wave number. Futhermore, in the sample with NaOH base submersion demonstrated that the loss of amide groups in some range areas of wave number. In addition, the submersion bring about decreating all component of collagen in sample as well. The collagens derived from inner layer of gizzard chicken were type I of collagen resulted from examination the sample unit weight with SDS PAGE. The morphology of collagens were a small fibers with small particles covered fibers in small magnification. The content of the contituent atoms were general arrangement of atoms in the protein such as oxygen, phospor and sulphur with slight impurities.;The collagen resulted from inner layer of free-range chicken and broiler chicken gizzard were identified by means of submersion with NaOH base and without submersion. The physiochemical of collagen were characterized with Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) andSodium Dodecyl Sulphate – Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS PAGE). The presence of collagens in sample without submersion were observed from typical molecular functional group absorbing infrared radiation at a particular wave number. Futhermore, in the sample with NaOH base submersion demonstrated that the loss of amide groups in some range areas of wave number. In addition, the submersion bring about decreating all component of collagen in sample as well. The collagens derived from inner layer of gizzard chicken were type I of collagen resulted from examination the sample unit weight with SDS PAGE. The morphology of collagens were a small fibers with small particles covered fibers in small magnification. The content of the contituent atoms were general arrangement of atoms in the protein such as oxygen, phospor and sulphur with slight impurities.;The collagen resulted from inner layer of free-range chicken and broiler chicken gizzard were identified by means of submersion with NaOH base and without submersion. The physiochemical of collagen were characterized with Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) andSodium Dodecyl Sulphate – Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS PAGE). The presence of collagens in sample without submersion were observed from typical molecular functional group absorbing infrared radiation at a particular wave number. Futhermore, in the sample with NaOH base submersion demonstrated that the loss of amide groups in some range areas of wave number. In addition, the submersion bring about decreating all component of collagen in sample as well. The collagens derived from inner layer of gizzard chicken were type I of collagen resulted from examination the sample unit weight with SDS PAGE. The morphology of collagens were a small fibers with small particles covered fibers in small magnification. The content of the contituent atoms were general arrangement of atoms in the protein such as oxygen, phospor and sulphur with slight impurities.;The collagen resulted from inner layer of free-range chicken and broiler chicken gizzard were identified by means of submersion with NaOH base and without submersion. The physiochemical of collagen were characterized with Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) andSodium Dodecyl Sulphate – Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS PAGE). The presence of collagens in sample without submersion were observed from typical molecular functional group absorbing infrared radiation at a particular wave number. Futhermore, in the sample with NaOH base submersion demonstrated that the loss of amide groups in some range areas of wave number. In addition, the submersion bring about decreating all component of collagen in sample as well. The collagens derived from inner layer of gizzard chicken were type I of collagen resulted from examination the sample unit weight with SDS PAGE. The morphology of collagens were a small fibers with small particles covered fibers in small magnification. The content of the contituent atoms were general arrangement of atoms in the protein such as oxygen, phospor and sulphur with slight impurities., The collagen resulted from inner layer of free-range chicken and broiler chicken gizzard were identified by means of submersion with NaOH base and without submersion. The physiochemical of collagen were characterized with Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) andSodium Dodecyl Sulphate – Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS PAGE). The presence of collagens in sample without submersion were observed from typical molecular functional group absorbing infrared radiation at a particular wave number. Futhermore, in the sample with NaOH base submersion demonstrated that the loss of amide groups in some range areas of wave number. In addition, the submersion bring about decreating all component of collagen in sample as well. The collagens derived from inner layer of gizzard chicken were type I of collagen resulted from examination the sample unit weight with SDS PAGE. The morphology of collagens were a small fibers with small particles covered fibers in small magnification. The content of the contituent atoms were general arrangement of atoms in the protein such as oxygen, phospor and sulphur with slight impurities.]

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Implan biodegradable merupakan implan yang diharapkan dapat mengalami korosi secara bertahap di in vivo dan dapat terlarut secara sempurna ketika jaringan yang disokong dapat berfungsi secara normal tanpa implant serta hasil korosi tersebut tidak bersifat toksik. Magnesium (Mg) merupakan kandidat yang baik untuk diaplikasikan sebagai implan biodegradable karena bersifat korosi dan biokompatibel dengan tubuh. Penambahan Hidroksi Apatit ke dalam Mg, menjadi implant komposit Mg-HA dapat mengurangi tingkat korosi dari paduan tersebutmasih bersifat toksik. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan Hidroksi apatit dari bahan alam yaitu tulang sapi karena memiliki karakteristik mekanik dan struktur yang hampir sama dengan tulang manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesa implan biodegradable komposit Magnesium-Hidroksi Apatit (Mg-HA) dimana HA bersumber dari bahan alam yaitu tulang sapi. Tahap pertama HA disintesa dari tulang sapi yang dikalsinasi dengan variasi suhu 2000C, 3000C, 3500C, 4000C, 5000C, 6000C, 7000C, 8000C, 8500C, 9000C dan 10000C. Secara kualitatif tulang sapi yang dikalsinasi mulai suhu 7000C ke atas terkristalisasi dengan lebih baik dan menunjukkan karakteristik yang sesuai dengan karakteristik HA referensi di mana hasil analisis didukung dengan menggunakan Karakterisasi FTIR, XRD, BET, SEM-EDX. Derajat Kristalinitas Hidroksi apatit dari tulang sapi meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan suhu sinter. Hasil yang optimal di dapat pada tulang sapi yang dikalsinasi pada suhu 850 0C di mana Ca/P yang di dapat yaitu sebesar 1.651 variasi suhu (850 0C) dan variasi waktu (5 jam) sebesar 1.679 yang mendekati Ca/P HA referensi stoikiometri sebesar 1.67. HA dari tulang sapi yang dikalsinasi pada suhu 8500C dan waktu 5 jam ditambahkan pada komposit Mg- HA dari tulang sapi dengan 4 variasi komposisi. Penambahan Hidroksiapatit dari tulang sapi pada komposit Mg-HA dapat menjadi material komposit dengan nilai laju korosi yang diizinkan sebagai material implant (0.235 MPY) dan juga mempercepat laju degradasi. Penambahan juga meningkatkan densitas serta kekerasan, hingga penambahan 5 % berat. Namun, ketika penambahan HA lebih besar dari 5 % berat , densitas dan kekerasan menurun karena aglomerasi partikel HA. Penambahan HA dari tulang sapi pada komposit juga bersifat tidak toksik sehingga aman bila digunakan sebagai material implan

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ABSTRACT
Biodegradable implant is an implant that is expected to corrosion gradually in vivo and can be dissolved completely when the bone tissue can function normally without implants and the results are not toxic corrosion. Magnesium (Mg) is a good candidate to be applied as biodegradable implants because it is corrosive and biocompatible with the body. The addition of HA into Mg, became implant composite Mg-HA can reduce the corrosion rate of these composites, but the rate of corrosion is still quite high (8 MPY) and they are toxic, therefore it is necessary Hydroxy Apatite from natural material. The material is cow bone because it has the mechanical and structural characteristics similar to human bone. This study aims to synthesize the composite biodegradable implant Magnesium- Hydroxy Apatite (Mg-HA) where HA derived from natural materials are cow bone. The first stage HA synthesized from cow bones calcined with temperature variations are 2000C, 3000C, 3500C, 4000C, 5000C, 6000C, 7000C, 8000C, 8500C, 9000C and 10000C. The qualitatively calcined cow bones start at temperature 7000C to the top of the crystallized with better and show the characteristics corresponding to the characteristics of HA commercial in which the analysis results are supported by using FTIR characterization, XRD, BET, SEM-EDX. Hydroxy apatite crystallinity degree from bovine bones increases with increasing sintering temperature. The natural HA obtained by calcining with temperature variations shows the desired quality in which Ca/P was found 1.651 (at 850 °C) and with time variations was found 1.679 (5 hours) were approaching the Ca/P HA commercial stoichiometry of 1.67 HA from cow bones are calcined at a temperature of 8500C ( 5 hours) added to the Mg-HA composite with four variations of composition. The addition of hydroxyapatite from cow bone to the composite can be Mg-HA composite materials with a value of corrosion rate allowed as implant materials (0.235 MPY) and also accelerate the rate of degradation. The addition also increases the density and hardness, add up to additional 5% by weight. However, when the addition of HA is greater than 5% by weight, density and hardness decreases due to the agglomeration of HA. The addition of HA from cow bones to composites also are not toxic so it is safe when used as an implant material.;