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"Latar Belakang: Stunting merupakan gangguan pertumbuhan yang disebabkan oleh masalah gizi kronis. Stunting dapat menyebabkan terjadinya ketidakseimbangan antara radikal bebas dan enzim antioksidan seperti Superoksida Dismutase. Menurut DIAAS, sumber protein hewani memiliki kualitas protein sebagai sumber asam amino yang baik, seperti telur. Asam amino yang terkandung di dalam telur dapat meningkatkan pembentukan dan aktivitas SOD.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efek pemberian telur terhadap aktivitas SOD total pada anak stunting.Metode: Penelitian ini dengan desain RCT non-blinded dilakukan di Buton, pada bulan Januari sampai Februari 2024. Dua puluh anak pada kelompok intervensi yang diberikan 1 butir telur per hari dengan edukasi protein hewani dan dua puluh anak pada kelompok kontrol dengan edukasi protein hewani. Pengambilan data asupan makanan dan sampel darah dilakukan pada pre-post intervensi.Hasil penelitian: Perubahan aktivitas SOD total pada kelompok intervensi sebesar 9.1 U/mL dan pada kelompok kontrol sebesar 16.8 U/mL. Perubahan aktivitas SOD total lebih kecil pada kelompok intervensi dibanding kelompok kontrol.Kesimpulan: Pemberian telur 1 butir per hari menunjukan perbedaan signifikan perubahan aktivitas SOD total pada kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol dengan p = 0.030 (p<0.05).

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Background: Stunting is a growth disorder caused by chronic nutritional problems. Stunting can cause imbalance between Reactive Oxygen Species and antioxidant enzymes such as Superoxide Dismutase. According to DIAAS, animal protein sources have protein quality as a good source of amino acids, such as egg. The amino acids contained in egg can increase the formation of enzymatic antioxidant such as SOD and increase the activity of SOD to counteract ROS.

Objectives: This study aims to see the effect of egg on total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in stunted children.

Methods: This study with non-blinded RCT design, conducted in Buton Regency, January until February 2024. 20 children in the intervention group who were given 1 egg per day in 1 month with animal protein education and 20 children in the control group with animal protein education. Nutritional assesment and blood samples were taken at the pre-post intervention.

Result: There was a change in total SOD activity in the intervention group which was 9.1 U/mL while in the control group it was 16.8 U/mL. Changes in total SOD activity were smaller in the intervention group.

Conclution: There was a significant difference in changes of total SOD activity in the intervention group and the control group (p=0.030)."

"Latar belakang. Prevalensi preeklampsia masih tinggi pada ibu hamil dan janin di negara berkembang. Patofisiologi preeklampsia masih belum dapat dipahami sepenuhnya. Stres oksidatif, inflamasi dan malnutrisi masih menjadi hipotesis utama yang dihubungkan dengan kejadian preeklampsia. Koenzim Q10 merupakan komponen penting dalam tubuh sebagai antioksidan.Tujuan. Studi ini merupakan studi potong lintang komparatif pertama di Indonesia. Subjek penelitian diambil dari dua rumah sakit di Jakarta. Studi untuk menilai status gizi ibu hamil di Indonesia, asupan koenzim Q10, dan kadar koenzim Q10 plasma pada ibu hamil yang dihubungkan dengan kejadian preeklampsia.Metode. Sebanyak 72 subjek preeklampsia dan non-preeklampsia direkrut dari RS Cipto Mangunkusumo dan Koja, Jakarta pada bulan September 2018 sampai November 2018. Kriteria inklusi meliputi subjek usia >18 tahun, usia kehamilan >34 minggu dan in partu, kehamilan tunggal, intrauterin, hidup, dan kriteria ekslusi meliputi riwayat penyakit kronik misalnya hipertensi kronik, diabetes mellitus, dan penyakit ginjal sebelum dan saat hamil. Data karakteristik, data klinis, sampel plasma darah, kuesioner food recall 1x24 jam dan FFQ semikuantitatif diambil pada peneltian ini. Data dianalisis statistik menggunakan SPSS versi 20.0.Hasil. Kejadian preeklampsia lebih banyak terjadi pada usia yang lebih tua yaitu >35 tahun (p = 0,001). Tingkat pendidikan, pekerjaan, usia kehamilan, riwayat obstetri yaitu paritas, dan status gizi antara perempuan hamil dengan preeklampsia dan non-preeklampsia secara statistik tidak berbeda bermakna. Semua subjek pada kelompok preeklampsia dan non-preeklampsia (termasuk hamil normal) memiliki kadar koenzim Q10 plasma yang rendah. Kadar koenzim Q10 di plasma pada kelompok preeklampsia cenderung lebih rendah daripada non-preeklampsia tetapi secara statistik tidak berbeda bermakna.Kesimpulan. Semua subjek pada kelompok preeklampsia dan non-preeklampsia (termasuk hamil normal) memiliki kadar koenzim Q10 plasma yang rendah, walaupun asupan koenzim Q10 adalah kategori cukup namun kualitasnya rendah pada sebagian besar subjek preeklampsia dan non-preeklampsia.

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Background: Preeclampsia remains a major issue in developing countries. Studies on this disease have yet to clearly elucidate the precise mechanism of its pathogenesis. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and malnutrition have been correlated with preeclampsia. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a vital nutrient for pregnant women as an antioxidant.

Aim: This was the first comparative cross-sectional study in two hospitals in Jakarta to investigate the nutrition status of pregnant women in Indonesia, CoQ10 intake and plasma levels during pregnancy, and correlation with the incidence of preeclampsia.

Methods: Seventy-two preeclamptic and non-preeclamptic pregnant mothers were enrolled in this study. We included patients above 18 years old, gestational age >34 weeks, singleton pregnancy, and excluded patients with history of chronic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and renal diseases before or during current pregnancy. Clinical data and 24-hour food recall and semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire were collected. Plasma CoQ10 levels were also obtained. Data was statistically analyzed using SPSS version 20.0.

Results: Age (above 35 years old) was significant when comparing preeclampsia and non-preeclampsia group (p = 0.001). Education, work status, gestational age, pregnancy history, BMI, dietary intake, and nutrition status were not statistically significant between both groups. The plasma CoQ10 levels in preeclampsia group were lower than non-preeclampsia group, albeit not statistically significant. The main results show all subjects were patients with severe late-onset preeclampsia with decreased plasma CoQ10 level.

Conclusions: Both preeclamptic and non-preeclamptic subjects in Indonesia show reduced plasma CoQ10 levels. Despite adequate intake, plasma CoQ10 levels in pregnant women remain low."

"Objektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian dark chocolate 30 g/hari selama 15 hari berturut-turut terhadap kadar NOx serum dan tekanan darah karyawan administrasi laki-laki dan perempuan penderita prahipertensi. Metode. Penelitian ini adalah suatu uji klinis paralel. Sebanyak 32 subyek penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria dibagi dalam dua kelompok secara randomisasi blok. Sebanyak 16 orang mendapat dark chocolale 30 g/hari disertai dengan penyuluhan gizi dan 16 orang mendapat white chocolate 25 g/hari disertai dengan penyuluhan gizi. Data yang diambil meliputi usia aktivitas fisik, indeks massa tubuh, asupan energi, natrium, dam polifenol, kadar NOx scrum dan tekanan darah. Pemeriksaan kadar NOx serum dilakukan pra perlakuan (HO) dan pasca perlakuan (H+l6), sedangkan pengukuran tekanan darah dilakukan pra perlakuan (HO), selama perlakuan (I-I+8) dan pasca perlakuan (H+l 6). Hasil. Asupan polifenol selama perlakuan lebih tinggi pada kelompok perlakuan dibanding kelompok kontrol. Pasca perlakuan, didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna pada kadar NOx serum antara kelompok P dengan kelompok K (p=0,00l). Tekanan darah pada kedua kelompok mengalami penurunan. Tekanan darah sistolik pasca perlakuan berbeda bermakna antara kelompok P dan kelompok K (p=0,00l), sedangkan tekanan darah diastolik menurun tidak bermakna (p=0,308). Tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik pra dan pasca perlakuan kelompok P menurun bermakna (p<0,000), sedangkan tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik pra dan pasca perlakuan pada kelompok K menurun tidak bermakna. Kesimpulan. Setelah 15 hari perlakuan, terjadi peningkatan asupan polifenol di kelompok perlakuan yang disertai peningkatan kadar NOx serum dan penurunan bermakna tekanan darah sistolik, sedangkan tekanan darah diastolik menurun tidak bermakna.

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Objective. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dark chocolate 30 g/day for fifteen day on NOx serum level and blood pressure in male and female administration employee with prehypertension.

Methods. The study was a parallel clinical trial. A total of thirty two subjects who were selected using certain criteria divided into two groups using block randomization. Sixteen subjects received 30 g/day dark chocolate and dietary counseling (Treatment Group) and other 16 subjects received white chocolate 25 g/day and dietary counseling (Control Group) for fifteen days. Data collected in this study consist of age, physical activity, body massa index, intake of energy, sodium, and polyphenol, NOx serum levels and blood pressure. Assessment on NOx serum level were done in pre treatment and after treatment, while blood pressure were assessed in pre treatment, in treatment period and after treatment.

Results. Polyphenol intake in treatment periode in treatment group was significantly higher compared with control groups. After 15 days treatment, NOx scrum level between treatment and control groups was significantly different (p=0,00l). Both group had decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Systolic blood pressure was decreased significantly between groups after treatment (p=0,001), while diastolic blood pressure was not significant (pr0,308). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure pre and after treatment in ueatment group were significantly decreased, while it was not significant in control group.

Conclusions. There was increased polyphcnol intake in treatment group which increased serum NOx level, significantly decreased systolic blood pressure while no significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure after 15 days treatment."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah pemberian minuman karbohidrat berkafein (MKK) lebih baik dibanding minuman isotonik (MI) terhadap status hidrasi dengan indikator osmolalitas urin, berat jenis urin, warna urin, berat badan dan rasa haus selama empat jam masa pemulihan setelah lari jarak jauh 10.000 m. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi eksperimental dengan desain paralel, acak, tersamar tunggal. Subyek penelitian sebanyak 20 pelari jarak jauh laki-laki dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok MKK (n=10) dan kelompok MI (n=10). Selama empat jam masa pemulihan setelah lari 10.000 m masing–masing kelompok mendapat MKK/MI sebanyak 2000 mL dan air putih 330 ml. Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna pada osmolalitas urin, berat jenis urin, warna urin, berat badan dan rasa haus di antara kedua kelompok. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil bahwa pemberian MKK sama baiknya dengan MI dalam mempertahankan status hidrasi pada masa pemulihan setelah olahraga.

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The aim of this study is to verify the effect of caffeinated-carbohydrate drink compared with isotonic drink on hydration status using indicator urine osmolality, urine specific gravity, urine color, body weight changes and thirst during four hours recovery period after 10.000 m run. The study design was randomized, controlled, single-blinded, clinical trial. Twenty male distance runners who participated as subjects in this study were divided into two groups, caffeinated-carbohydrate group (n=10) and isotonic group (n=10). During four hours recovery period after 10.000 m run, each group received either 2000 mL caffeinated-carbohydrate drink/isotonic drink and 330 mL water. There were no significant differences in urine osmolality, urine specific gravity, urine color, body weight changes and thirst between both groups. As a conclusion, caffeinated-carbohydrate drink is as good as isotonic drink in maintaining hydration status in recovery period post-exercise."

"Pendinginan nasi dipercaya masyarakat dapat menurunkan respons glikemik. Pendinginan diketahui menyebabkan terjadinya retrogradasi pati yang meningkatkan kandungan pati resisten. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendinginan nasi putih terhadap kandungan pati resisten dan respons glikemik pada subjek sehat. Kandungan pati resisten diperiksa pada nasi putih baru matang (nasi kontrol), nasi putih yang didinginkan 10 jam pada suhu ruang (nasi uji I), dan nasi putih yang didinginkan 24 jam pada suhu 4°C kemudian dihangatkan kembali (nasi uji II). Nasi kontrol dan satu jenis nasi uji yang memiliki kandungan pati resisten lebih tinggi digunakan dalam penelitian eksperimen dengan desain crossover acak pada 15 subjek sehat untuk menentukan adanya perbedaan respons glikemik. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kandungan pati resisten dalam nasi kontrol, nasi uji I, dan nasi uji II berturut-turut sebesar 0,64 g/100 g, 1,30 g/100 g, dan 1,65 g/100 g. Nasi uji II menurunkan respons glikemik secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan nasi kontrol (berturut-turut 2256,5 ± 902,1 mg.menit/dL dan 2730,0 ± 870,2 mg.menit/dL, p = 0,047). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pendinginan meningkatkan kandungan pati resisten nasi putih. Nasi putih yang telah didinginkan 24 jam pada suhu 4°C kemudian dihangatkan kembali menurunkan respons glikemik dibandingkan dengan nasi putih baru matang.

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Cooling cooked rice is believed to lower glycemic response. Cooling is known to cause starch retrogradation which increases resistant starch (RS) content. This study aimed to determine the effect of cooling of cooked white rice on RS content and glycemic response in healthy subjects. RS contents were analyzed on freshly cooked white rice (control rice), cooked white rice cooled for 10 hours at room temperature (test rice I), and cooked white rice cooled for 24 hours at 4°C then reheated (test rice II). Control rice and one type of test rice with higher RS content were used in the clinical study with randomized crossover design in 15 healthy subjects to determine a difference in glycemic response.

The results showed that RS contents in control rice, test rice I, and test rice II were 0.64 g/100 g, 1.30 g/100 g, and 1.65 g/100 g, respectively. Test rice II significantly lowered glycemic response compared with control rice (2256.5 ± 902.1 mg.min/dL vs 2730.0 ± 870.2 mg.min/dL, respectively; p = 0.047). In conclusion, cooling cooked white rice significantly increased RS content. Cooked white rice cooled for 24 hours at 4°C then reheated lowered glycemic response compared with freshly cooked white rice."

"ABSTRAK Prevalensi obesitas di Indonesia makin meningkat . Obesitas yang terjadi akibat energi yang masuk lebih besar daripada yang dikeluarkan akan menyebabkan peningkatan massa lemak total tubuh, termasuk massa lemak viseral. Massa lemak dapat melatarbelakangi penyakit degeneratif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui korelasi rasio asupan energi (AE) terhadap kebutuhan energi total (KET) individu dengan massa lemak viseral dan kadar HbA1c plasma pada subjek obesitas di Indonesia.Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang, yang dilakukan di kantor Balaikota DKI Jakarta pada bulan September sampai dengan Oktober 2014. Subjek penelitian didapatkan melalui Simple Random Sampling, sebanyak 52 orang yang sesuai kriteria penelitian ditetapkan sebagai subjek penelitian. Didapatkan hasil sebagian besar subjek termasuk usia 46–55 tahun (55,8%), sebagian besar subjek penelitian adalah perempuan (65,4%), dengan IMT sama besar antara obes 1 dan 2. Lebih dari separuh subjek penelitian mempunyai rasio AE terhadap KET yang kurang karena under report pada pelaporan asupan per hari. Hampir seluruh subjek laki-laki mempunyai massa lemak viseral berlebih (94,4%), sementara pada subjek perempuan sebagian besar mempunyai massa lemak viseral normal. Seluruh subjek mempunyai massa lemak total berlebih. Kadar HbA1c plasma pada 75% subjek termasuk kategori berisiko DM. Tidak terdapat korelasi yang bermakna antara rasio AE terhadap KET dengan massa lemak viseral (r = 0,1; p=0,7). Korelasi antara rasio AE terhadap KET dengan kadar HbA1c didapatkan hasil bermakna dengan kekuatan sedang untuk usia 46–55 tahun (r=0,42;p=0,02). Tidak terdapat korelasi yang bermakna antara massa lemak viseral dengan kadar HbA1c plasma.

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ABSTRAK The prevalence of obesity in Indonesia is increasing. Obesity, as the consequence of greater energy ingested than energy expended, cause an increase in total body fat mass including visceral fat mass that underlie degenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to find correlation between ratio of energy intake (EI) to individual total energy requirement (TER) with visceral fat mass and HbA1c levels in obese subject. The method used in this study was cross sectional, held in the institution of Balaikota DKI Jakarta during September to October 2014. The subject was obtained by simple random sampling and 52 subjects who meet study criteria were enrolled in this study. The results showed most of subjects age between 46–55 years (55,8%), majority of subjects were female (65,4%), with the same number of subjects categorized as obese 1 and obese 2. More than half of this subjects have ratio of EI to TER less than normal. Majority of the male subject have visceral fat mass greater than normal criteria (94,4%), while most of female subjects have normal criteria of visceral fat mass. All of the subjects have greater level of total body fat mass. Level of HbA1c in most of the subject are normal categories (75%). Ratio EI to TER did not correlate significantly with visceral fat mass (r=0,1; p=0,7). There were significant positive correlation between ratio EI to TER with HbA1c level in age of 46–55 year (r=0,42;p=0,02). Visceral fat mass did not correlate significantly with HbA1c plasma levels."

"ABSTRAKDiabetes mellitus adalah suatu keadaan yang kadang terdeteksi pada pasien skizofrenia. Kondisi ini mungkin berhubungan dengan genetik, obat-obat antipsikotik dan perkembangan skizofrenia sendiri yang mempengaruhi gaya hidup tidak sehat seperti gaya hidup sedentary dan peningkatan asupan makan. Penelitian potong lintang di Departemen Medik Kesehatan Jiwa RSUPN Cipto Mangunkosumo bulan Mei-Juni 2014 dilakukan untuk menilai korelasi kadar glukosa darah puasa pasien skizofrenia dengan indikator status gizi dan tingkat aktivitas fisik. Empat puluh tujuh subjek berhasil menyelesaikan protokol penelitian. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa kadar glukosa darah puasa pasien skizofrenia tidak berkorelasi (r<0,2) dengan indikator status gizi dan tingkat aktivitas fisik, karena 91,5% subjek memiliki kadar glukosa darah yang normal. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa subjek skizofrenia di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo memiliki kadar glukosa darah puasa yang baik saat penelitian, namun hal ini masih memerlukan penelitian yang lebih lanjut karena 31,9% subjek overweight, 48,9% subjek obesitas dan 74,5% subjek mengalami obesitas sentral.

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ABSTRACTDiabetes mellitus often accompany with schizophrenia patient. This condition probably related to genetic, antipsychotic drugs and the developmental of schizophrenia which can affect unhealthy lifestyle such as sedentary lifestyle and the increase of dietary intake. Cross-sectional study was held in Psychiatry Department RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo during May to June 2014 to determine the correlation between fasting plasma glucose concentration in schizophrenia patient with their nutritional status indicator and physical activity. Fortyseven subjects finished the protocols. The result showed that the fasting plasma glucose concentration in schizophrenia patient has no correlation with nutritional status indicator and physical activity level, 91.5% subject have normal fasting plasma glucose. This study shows that schizophrenia subject in RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo have a good fasting plasma glucose during the study, but it still needs further investigation because 31.9% subject overweight, 48.9% subject obesity and 74.5% subject has central obesity."

"Stress oksidatif merupakan dasar dari berbagai penyakit degeneratif dan kanker, termasuk asbestosis dan mesotelioma. Kedua penyakit tersebut terjadi akibat terinhalasinya serat asbes dalam jangka waktu lama dan jumlah pajanan yang tinggi. Penelitian potong lintang di Sekretariat Buruh Karawang bulan Oktober 2014 dilakukan untuk menilai korelasi asupan dan kadar vitamin C, E dengan kadar isoprostan. Lima puluh dua subjek yang bekerja di pabrik asbes selesai mengikuti seluruh protokol penelitian. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa asupan vitamin C dan kadar vitamin E berkorelasi negatif dengan kadar isoprostan, sedangkan asupan vitamin E dan kadar vitamin C berkorelasi positif dengan kadar isoprostan pekerja pabrik asbes. Korelasi tersebut secara statistik tidak bermakna. Penelitian lanjut diperlukan untuk menilai kadar isoprostan secara series, sehingga bila ada peningkatan yang signifikan dapat segera dikethui.

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Oxidative stress is the base of various degenerative diseases and cancers, including asbestosis and mesothelioma. Both of them occur due to prolonged inhalation of asbestos fibers and high level of exposure. A cross-sectional study at a labor secretariat in October 2014 was performed to assess the correlations between intakes and levels of vitamin C and vitamin E and isoprostane level. Fifty two subjects working at an asbestos factory finished the study. The result showed that vitamin C intake and vitamin E level were negatively correlated with isoprostane level. Meanwhile, vitamin E intake and vitamin C level were positively correlated with isoprostane level in asbestos factory workers. These correlations were statistically insignificant. Asbestos factory workers should be educated to increase their intakes of vitamin C and vitamin E."

"[ABSTRAKPeningkatan stres oksidatif selama penuaan, dianggap sebagai kontributor utama pada proses neuro-degenerasi dan kehilangan neuron, dan merupakan faktor utama dalam patologi penyakit Alzheimer dan penurunan kognitif terkait usia. Vitamin E merupakan antioksidan potensial yang menjadi fokus utama penelitian gangguan fungsi kognitif dan penyakit Alzheimer. Penelitian potong lintang pada populasi lansia sehat di Kelurahan Cikoko ini dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2014 untuk menilai hubungan antara kadar vitamin E serum dengan fungsi kognitif. Selain itu juga menilai asupan vitamin C dan E dengan metode FFQ. Penilaian fungsi kognitif dengan instrumen MoCA-Ina. Pemeriksaan laboratorium untuk mengetahui kadar vitamin E menggunakan metode HPLC. Data dianalisis dengan uji Mann-Whitney dan Chi-square. Sebagian besar subyek (75,9%) adalah perempuan dengan usia rata-rata 65 tahun. Sementara, kadar rata-rata vitamin E adekuat, yaitu 21,6 μmol/L. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara kadar vitamin E serum dengan fungsi kognitif yang dinilai dengan skor MoCA-Ina. Meskipun berat badan normal hingga obes I menunjukkan hubungan signifikan dengan skor kognitif (r = 0,17 p = 0,026), tetapi tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara asupan vitamin C dengan fungsi kognitif (r = 0,19 p = 0,15) atau antara asupan vitamin E dengan fungsi kognitif (r = 0,04, p = 0.72) pada penelitian ini. Kesimpulan, tidak terdapat hubungan antara kadar vitamin E serum dengan fungsi kognitif.

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ABSTRACTOxidative stress increases during ageing, is considered as a major contributor to neuro-degeneration and neuronal loss, and is a primary factor in the pathology of both Alzheimer’s disease and age-related cognitive decline. Vitamin E has been the main focus of investigation in studies of cognitive impairment and alzheimer’s disease during aging as a potent antioxidant. A cross-sectional study of an elderly population in Cikoko Regency in December 2014 was conducted to evaluate the association between serum vitamin E levels and cognitive function in elderly. Correlation between intakes of vitamin C and E as well as Body Mass Index to the MoCA-Ina scores were also investigated. Fifty four elderly were included in the study and interviewed for their vitamins intake using a Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ). Cognitive function was examined by Montreal Cognitive Assessment Indonesian version (MoCA-Ina). Levels of vitamin E serum were assessed by high performance liquid chromatography. Data were analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney and Chi-square test. The majority of the subjects were female (75.9%) with median age 65 years old. While, the median levels of vitamin E was 21.55 μmol/L. The result of this study showed that there was no association between vitamin E level and MoCA-Ina scores. Although normal weight to obese I was significantly associated with cognitive scores (r = 0,17 p = 0.026), no significant correlation between vitamin C intake and cognitive function scores (r = 0.19 p = 0.15) or between vitamin E intake and MoCA-Ina scores were found in this study (r = 0.04, p = 0.72). In conclusion, there is no association between vitamin E serum and cognitive function.;Oxidative stress increases during ageing, is considered as a major contributor to neuro-degeneration and neuronal loss, and is a primary factor in the pathology of both Alzheimer’s disease and age-related cognitive decline. Vitamin E has been the main focus of investigation in studies of cognitive impairment and alzheimer’s disease during aging as a potent antioxidant. A cross-sectional study of an elderly population in Cikoko Regency in December 2014 was conducted to evaluate the association between serum vitamin E levels and cognitive function in elderly. Correlation between intakes of vitamin C and E as well as Body Mass Index to the MoCA-Ina scores were also investigated. Fifty four elderly were included in the study and interviewed for their vitamins intake using a Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ). Cognitive function was examined by Montreal Cognitive Assessment Indonesian version (MoCA-Ina). Levels of vitamin E serum were assessed by high performance liquid chromatography. Data were analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney and Chi-square test. The majority of the subjects were female (75.9%) with median age 65 years old. While, the median levels of vitamin E was 21.55 μmol/L. The result of this study showed that there was no association between vitamin E level and MoCA-Ina scores. Although normal weight to obese I was significantly associated with cognitive scores (r = 0,17 p = 0.026), no significant correlation between vitamin C intake and cognitive function scores (r = 0.19 p = 0.15) or between vitamin E intake and MoCA-Ina scores were found in this study (r = 0.04, p = 0.72). In conclusion, there is no association between vitamin E serum and cognitive function., Oxidative stress increases during ageing, is considered as a major contributor to neuro-degeneration and neuronal loss, and is a primary factor in the pathology of both Alzheimer’s disease and age-related cognitive decline. Vitamin E has been the main focus of investigation in studies of cognitive impairment and alzheimer’s disease during aging as a potent antioxidant. A cross-sectional study of an elderly population in Cikoko Regency in December 2014 was conducted to evaluate the association between serum vitamin E levels and cognitive function in elderly. Correlation between intakes of vitamin C and E as well as Body Mass Index to the MoCA-Ina scores were also investigated. Fifty four elderly were included in the study and interviewed for their vitamins intake using a Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ). Cognitive function was examined by Montreal Cognitive Assessment Indonesian version (MoCA-Ina). Levels of vitamin E serum were assessed by high performance liquid chromatography. Data were analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney and Chi-square test. The majority of the subjects were female (75.9%) with median age 65 years old. While, the median levels of vitamin E was 21.55 μmol/L. The result of this study showed that there was no association between vitamin E level and MoCA-Ina scores. Although normal weight to obese I was significantly associated with cognitive scores (r = 0,17 p = 0.026), no significant correlation between vitamin C intake and cognitive function scores (r = 0.19 p = 0.15) or between vitamin E intake and MoCA-Ina scores were found in this study (r = 0.04, p = 0.72). In conclusion, there is no association between vitamin E serum and cognitive function.]"

"ABSTRAKRespon imun makrofag merupakan proses alamiah yang terjadi di dalam tubuh sebagai adaptasi terhadap benda asing/antigen. Makrofag merupakan komponen penting pada respon imun bawaan maupun adaptif, karena berperan pada proses fagositosis serta sebagai antigen presenting cell APC . Pada proses fagositosis makrofag memerlukan O2 dan energi yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuktikan bahwa pada makrofag peritoneum yang diimunisasi terjadi hipoksia relatif dan peningkatan biogenesis mitokondria dalam usaha meningkatkan keperluan energi. Untuk membuktikan terjadi hipoksia diukur ekspresi mRNA dan protein HIF-1? serta HIF-2? yang merupakan protein yang berperan pada respons terhadap hipoksia. Juga diukur ekspresi mRNA dan protein sitoglobin yang merupakan protein pengikat O2. Untuk menilai biogenesis mitokondria diukur kadar protein PGC-1?. 24 ekor mencit BALB/c dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok perlakuan imunisasi dan 1 kelompok kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi hipoksia yang ditunjukkan oleh peningkatan bermakna kadar protein HIF-1? p=0.000, ANOVA dan HIF-2? p=0.035, ANOVA mulai dari 24 jam dan terus meningkat sampai 72 jam setelah imunisasi. Ekspresi protein sitoglobin meningkat mulai 24 jam sampai 72 jam setelah imunisasi p=0.01, ANOVA , sedangkan ekspresi protein PGC-1? meningkat bermakna pada 72 jam setelah imunisasi p=0.047, Kruskal-Wallis . Disimpulkan pada makrofag peritoneum mencit yang diimunisasi terjadi hipoksia dan biogenesis mitokondria. Kata kunci: Sitoglobin; HIF-1?; HIF-2?; Makrofag; PGC-1?

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ABSTRACTMacrophages rsquo s immune response is natural process that occurs in the body. Macrophages is important in innate and adaptive immunity, due to their role in phagocytosis as well as antigen presenting cell APC . Phagocytosis itself requires O2 and high energy. This study aims to investigate that immunized peritoneal macrophages were in relative hypoxia condition and its mitochondrial biogenesis increased in efforts to provide energy. To confirm hypoxia were calculated by mRNA and protein expression of HIF 1 and HIF 2 . mRNA and protein Cygb expression were also measured as the protein considered binds O2. To assess mitochondrial biogenesis, PGC 1 protein level were measured. 24 male BALB c mice were used and divided into three immunized treatment groups and one control group. The results showed that hypoxia occur, affirm by a significant increase in protein levels of HIF 1 p 0.000, ANOVA and HIF 2 p 0.035, ANOVA ranging from 24 hours and continued to increase until 72 hours. Cygb protein expression also increased from 24 hours to 72 hours p 0.01, ANOVA , whereas the expression of PGC 1 alpha protein increased significantly at 72 hours p 0.047, Kruskal Wallis . In conclusion in immunized mice peritoneal macrophages present itself hypoxia and mitochondrial biogenesis. Keyword Cytoglobin HIF 1 HIF 2 Macrophages PGC 1 "