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"Istilah endofit mengacu pada mikroorganisme yang sebagian atau keseluruhan siklus hidupnya berada dalam jaringan tanaman inang. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengisolasi dan menyeleksi kapang-kapang endofit yang memiliki kemampuan memproduksi senyawa antimikroba. Kapang endofit yang diseleksi adalah hasil isolasi dari empat belas tanaman obat Indonesia. Untuk mendapatkan ekstrak atau larutan uji, isolat-isolat tersebut difermentasi dengan media cair dan hasilnya disentrifugasi. Seleksi dilakukan dengan mengukur diameter zona hambatan yang dihasilkan larutan uji isolat terhadap mikroba uji. Seleksi antimikroba dilakukan terhadap dua galur bakteri yaitu Bacillus subtilis dan Escherichia coli, dan terhadap dua galur jamur patogen, Candida albicans dan Aspergillus niger. Didapatkan tujuh isolat yang memiliki aktivitas antimikroba. Diantaranya empat isolat aktif menghambat pertumbuhan A. niger, dan satu isolat menghambat pertumbuhan C. albicans. Tiga isolat memiliki aktivitas menghambat pertumbuhan B. subtilis, dan dua isolat aktif menghambat E. coli. Terhadap larutan uji dari tujuh isolat yang memiliki aktivitas antimikroba ini kemudian dilakukan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis dengan pelarut n-butanol, etil asetat, dan n-heksana. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji antimikroba terhadap seluruh bercak yang dihasilkan pada pelat KLT. Didapatkan empat bercak yang menunjukkan aktivitas antimikroba. Satu berca.

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The term endophytic refers to the microorganism that during a more or less long period of their life, colonize in their host plants tissues. This research had been done to select the endophytic fungi with ability to produce antimicrobial agents. Endophytic fungi which had been selected were the result of isolation from fourteen Indonesian medicinal plants. In order to get the extract liquid, at first isolates were fermented using liquid media, and then the harvested cultures were centrifuged. The bioassay to determine the antimicrobial activity of the isolates used two strains of bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, and also two strains of pathogenic fungi, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. The diameter of the clear zone on the test media produced by the extracts of isolates had been measured to determine the activity of the isolates. Seven isolates showed antimicrobial activity. Four of them were active against A. niger and one of them against C. albicans. Three isolates were active against B. subtilis, and two isolates against E. coli. After the bioassay, the active extracts liquid were eluted with Thin Layer Chromatography method using n-buthanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane as the eluents. Then, the result spots were used to examine their antimicrobial activity. Four spots were recognized to have activity against test microbes. One spot was eluted using n-buthanol, and three spots using ethyl acetate."

"[Dioksin merupakan senyawa berbahaya yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan kulit, hati, hingga menimbulkan kanker. Degradasi dioksin dapat dilakukan oleh mikroorganisme seperti kapang yang menghasilkan enzim ligninolitik. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kapang yang memiliki enzim ligninolitik sehingga berpotensi dalam mendegradasi dioksin. Aktivitas enzim ligninolitik terlihat dari penghilangan warna pada Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) dan Poly S-119. Metode penelitian meliputi seleksi pada medium padat dan cair, pengukuran aktivitas enzim ligninolitik, serta identifikasi isolat. Seleksi kapang pada medium padat dilakukan dengan medium yang mengandung RBBR dan Poly S-119. Seleksi cair dilakukan dengan mengukur degradasi warna dan aktivitas enzim ligninolitik (lakase, mangan peroksidase, dan lignin peroksidase). Isolat hasilseleksi diidentifikasi molekular 28S rRNA menggunakan primer NL-1 dan NL-4. Hasil seleksi padat menunjukkan sembilan isolat dengan zona degradasi, yaitu FIG- KT-540.1; F-IG-KT-539.2; F-IG-PT-6.3; F-IG-PT 1.16; F-IG-PT-2.14; F-IGPT- 2.5; F-IG-PT-2.7; F-IG-PT-3.1; dan F-IG-PT-2.11. Hasil seleksi cair menunjukkan dua isolat memiliki kemampuan mendegradasi warna tinggi yaitu FIG- KT-540.1 sebesar 59% mendegradasi warna RBBR dan F-IG-PT 1.16 sebesar 85% mendegradasi warna Poly S-119. Isolat F-IG-KT-540.1 dan F-IG-PT 1.16 memiliki aktivitas MnP yang tinggi sebesar 0,0132 dan 0,0186 ΔOD/ml sampel/menit. Identifikasi kedua isolat menunjukkan isolat F-IG-KT-540.1 adalah Aspergillus oryzae dengan nilai bootstrap 99 dan isolat F-IG-PT 1.16 adalah Penicillium charlesii dengan nilai bootstrap 98. Kesimpulan yaitu isolat F-IG-KT-540.1 dan F-IG-PT 1.16 yang memiliki kemampuan tinggi mendegradasi warna berpotensi mendegradasi dioksin. Penelitian lebih lanjut perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui sinergi antara kedua isolat dalam mendegradasi dioksin.

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Dioxins are harmful compounds which can damage skin, liver, and cause cancer. It can be degraded by microorganisms such as fungi with its ligninolytic enzymes. The research aim was to obtain fungi that has ligninolytic enzymes which potentially degrade dioxin. Activity of ligninolytic enzymes was showed from decolorization of Remazol Brilliant Blue R and Poly S-119 dye. Methods of the research include selection on solid medium and liquid medium, measurement of ligninolytic activity, and identification of fungal isolates. Selection on solid medium was carried out using RBBR and Poly S-119 dye. Selection on liquid medium was carried out through measurement on the color degradation and activity of ligninolytic enzymes (laccase, manganese peroxidase, and lignin peroxidase). The potential isolates in liquid selection medium were identified on 28S rRNA with NL-1 and NL-4 primers. The result showed that nine isolates have

the degradation zone in a solid medium. They were F-IG-KT-540.1; F-IG-KT- 539.2; F-IG-PT-6.3; F-IG-PT 1:16; F-IG-PT-2:14; F-IG-PT-2.5; F-IG-PT-2.7; FIG- PT-3.1; and F-IG-PT-2.11. In liquid selection medium, F-IG-KT-540.1 and FIG-

PT 1.16 isolates showed high capability to degrade dyes. Percentage of RBBR degradation in isolate F-IG-KT-540.1 was 59% and percentage of Poly S-119 degradation in isolate F-IG-PT-1.16 was 85%. Both F-IG-KT-540.1 and F-IG-PT 1.16 isolate have high activity of MnP. Activity of MnP of those isolate were 0,0132 and 0,0186 ΔOD/ml/minutes respectively. The result of identification showed that F-IG-KT-540.1 isolate was Aspergillus oryzae with value of

bootstrap 99 and F-IG-PT-1.16 isolate was Penicillium charlesii with value of bootstrap 98. From this research, F-IG-KT-540.1 and F-IG-PT 1.16 isolates which have capability to degrade dyes potential for degrading dioxin. Further research is needed to determine the synergy between isolates F-IG-KT-540.1 and F-IG-PT- 1.16 to degrade dioxin., Dioxins are harmful compounds which can damage skin, liver, and cause cancer.

It can be degraded by microorganisms such as fungi with its ligninolytic enzymes.

The research aim was to obtain fungi that has ligninolytic enzymes which

potentially degrade dioxin. Activity of ligninolytic enzymes was showed from

decolorization of Remazol Brilliant Blue R and Poly S-119 dye. Methods of the

research include selection on solid medium and liquid medium, measurement of

ligninolytic activity, and identification of fungal isolates. Selection on solid

medium was carried out using RBBR and Poly S-119 dye. Selection on liquid

medium was carried out through measurement on the color degradation and

activity of ligninolytic enzymes (laccase, manganese peroxidase, and lignin

peroxidase). The potential isolates in liquid selection medium were identified on

28S rRNA with NL-1 and NL-4 primers. The result showed that nine isolates have

the degradation zone in a solid medium. They were F-IG-KT-540.1; F-IG-KT-

539.2; F-IG-PT-6.3; F-IG-PT 1:16; F-IG-PT-2:14; F-IG-PT-2.5; F-IG-PT-2.7; FIG-

PT-3.1; and F-IG-PT-2.11. In liquid selection medium, F-IG-KT-540.1 and FIG-

PT 1.16 isolates showed high capability to degrade dyes. Percentage of RBBR

degradation in isolate F-IG-KT-540.1 was 59% and percentage of Poly S-119

degradation in isolate F-IG-PT-1.16 was 85%. Both F-IG-KT-540.1 and F-IG-PT

1.16 isolate have high activity of MnP. Activity of MnP of those isolate were

0,0132 and 0,0186 ΔOD/ml/minutes respectively. The result of identification

showed that F-IG-KT-540.1 isolate was Aspergillus oryzae with value of

bootstrap 99 and F-IG-PT-1.16 isolate was Penicillium charlesii with value of

bootstrap 98. From this research, F-IG-KT-540.1 and F-IG-PT 1.16 isolates which

have capability to degrade dyes potential for degrading dioxin. Further research is

needed to determine the synergy between isolates F-IG-KT-540.1 and F-IG-PT-

1.16 to degrade dioxin.]"