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"ABSTRACTThe Village funds are part of the State Revenue and Expenditure Budget which are allocated for villages and disbursed through the district/city expenditure budget. During the period of 2015-2018, two village heads (village of Malang Rapat and Penaga) were the suspects of corruption cases in Bintan District in the province of Riau Islands. There was no evaluation of the use of the village funds by the district government. The objective of this study was to gain an insight into the use of village funds in the province of Riau Islands. The study problem was how to evaluate the use, impact, and constraints in the utilization of village funds in the province of Riau Islands in 2018 (Case study in Bintan District and Lingga District). This study used a qualitative descriptive method, using interviews and observations for data collection. The results showed that a large portion of village funds was used for physical development in the village, while human development in the village was not yet properly implemented due to the limited allocation of village funds for empowerment and community development. The impact of village funds felt by the community for the addition of physical facilities in the village was significant, while the impact on empowerment and economy of the community was not. The constraints of the usage of the village funds were regulation, human resources, and coordination."

"The purpose of this study was to get optimum medium composition and agitation to trypsin-like protease production byLactobacillus plantarum FNCC 0270. The medium composition and agitation for enzyme production was optimized usingCentral Composite Design and Response Surface Method with Design Expert software version 7.1.5. Fermentation wascarried out in erlenmeyer flask at initial pH 8, 37 °C, with shaker incubator at 87.5 rpm. The results of the best of enzymeactivity 1.0 mU/mL, protein levels of 0.557 mg/mL and desirability value of 0.740. Numerical optimization was performedto approach the ideal state of the fermentation or desirability value of 1. The medium composition of fermentation usedwas: 3.64% baker's yeast, 1.21% glucose, and 0.13% skim milk. The enzyme activity reached was 1.51 mU/mL andprotein levels of 0.205 mg/mL. After numerical optimization, the fermentation process was verified using 125 mLErlenmeyer in shaking incubator at 77 rpm, initial pH 8, 37 °C, 15 h of fermentation. The verification results showed thatthe enzyme activity and protein levels was 1.273 ± 0.227 mU/mL and 0.248 ± 0.012 mg/mL, respectively.Optimization of Trypsin-like Protease Production by Lactobacillus plantarum FNCC 0270 using Response SurfaceMethodology. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memperoleh komposisi medium dan agitasi optimum untuk produksi proteaseserupa tripsin oleh Lactobacillus plantarum FNCC 0270. Protease serupa tripsin (PST) dihasilkan oleh L. plantarumFNCC 0270 melalui proses fermentasi dengan optimasi komposisi medium dan agitasi menggunakan Central CompositeDesign dan Response Surface Methode, dengan software Design Expert versi 7.1.5. Fermentasi dilakukan dalamerlenmeyer pH awal 8 dan suhu 37 °C menggunakan shaker inkubator pada 87,5 rpm. Hasil eksperimen terbaikmenunjukkan aktivitas enzim 1 mU/mL, kadar protein 0.557 mg/mL dan diperoleh nilai desirability 0,740. Untukmendekati keadaan ideal atau nilai desirability 1 dilakukan optimasi melalui simulasi numerik, yaitu fermentasi dengankomposisi baker yeast 3,64%, kadar glukosa 1,21%, konsentrasi skim milk 0,13%, dan agitasi 77 rpm, sehingga diperolehaktivitas enzim 1,51 mU/mL dan kadar protein 0,205 mg/mL. Setelah optimasi numerik kemudian dilakukan verifikasifermentasi di laboratorium, dalam erlenmeyer menggunakan shaker inkubator, agitasi 77 rpm, pH awal 8, suhu 37 °C,selama 15 jam. Hasil verifikasi menunjukkan aktivitas enzim dan kadar protein masing-masing 1,273 ± 0,227 mU/mL dan0,248 ± 0,012 mg/mL."