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"ABSTRAK

Program bantuan tunai telah menjadi kebijakan pengentasan kemiskinan utama di beberapa negara berkembang. Penelitian ini menganalisis dampak yang dirasakan dari Bantuan Langsung Tunai (BLT) sebagai Unconditional Cash Transfer (UCT) atau program transfer tunai tanpa syarat di Indonesia dengan melakukan pengujian terhadap persepsi kesejahteraan secara subjektif rumah tangga penerima bantuan. Dua putaran data panel dari   Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) di tahun 2007 (IFLS-4) dan tahun 2015 (IFLS-5) digunakan dalam penelitian ini, dimana indikator kesejahteraan subjektif berasal. Tiga kategori utama komponen kesejahteraan subjektif dikembangkan dengan menggunakan Principle Component Analysis (PCA) yaitu : kepuasan keluarga, persepsi masa depan, dan persepsi terhadap anak-anak. Metode Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) dan Fixed Effect  digunakan untuk menentukan dampak program UCT terhadap kesejahteraan subjektif. Secara umum program UCT di Indonesia berkorelasi negatif atau tidak berdampak pada peningkatan kesejahteraan subjektif penerima dibandingkan dengan non-penerima bantuan. Diantara tiga komponen kesejahteraan subjektif, kepuasan keluarga terlihat menerima dampak yang  signifikan dan positif dari program UCT. UCT juga dapat membantu penerima manfaat mempertahankan tingkat konsumsi yang stabil selama guncangan ekonomi jangka pendek, tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap persepsi masa depan dan persepsi terhadap kesejahteraan anak-anak.

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ABSTRACT

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Cash transfer programs have become the main poverty-alleviating policy in several developing countries. This study analyzes the perceived impact of Direct Cash Assistance (BLT) as an Unconditional Cash Transfer (UCT) program in Indonesia by examining beneficiary households subjective wellbeing. Two rounds of Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) panel data from 2007 (IFLS-4) and 2015 (IFLS-5) are used, from which this study take the subjective wellbeing indicators. Three main categories of subjective wellbeing components are developed using Principle Component Analysis (PCA): family satisfaction, future perception, and children. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and fixed effect methods are used to determine the impact of UCT program on subjective wellbeing. The Indonesian UCT program is negatively correlated or has no impact on improving recipients subjective wellbeing compared to that of non-recipients. Out of the three subjective wellbeing components, family satisfaction appears to have received significant and positive impact from the UCT program. UCT may also help beneficiaries maintain stable consumption level during short-term economic shocks, but future perception and children s wellbeing perception are not found to be affected.

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"[ABSTRAKTesis ini menganalisa masalah kepatuhan perpajakan yang dihadapi Indonesiadengan menggunakan 2.383 data Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi selama tahun pajak2013 di Duren Sawit, Jakarta Timur. Analisa didasarkan kepada lima variabelindependen yang terdiri dari dua variabel faktor demografi yaitu usia dan jeniskelamin dari Wajib Pajak serta tiga variabel independen lainnya yaitu sektor usahaWajib Pajak dan status penyampaian Surat Pemberitahuan (SPT) PajakPenghasilan Orang Pribadi tahun pajak 2011 dan tahun pajak 2012. Dibandingkandengan penelitian sebelumnya, tesis ini menggunakan internal data yang diperolehlangsung dari Direktorat Jenderal Pajak (DJP) Republik Indonesia. Denganmengkomparasi tiga metode statistik yaitu Metode Probit, Logit, dan LinearProbablity Method (LPM), analisa pada tesis ini dibagi kedalam dua model yangdidasarkan pada status penyampaian SPT tahun pajak sebelumnya. Model pertamadengan memasukan variabel status pajak tahun sebelumnya, menyimpulkanbahwa semua variabel independen secara signifikan mempengaruhi tingkatkepatuhan perpajakan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi pada tahun berjalan. Sementara,pada model kedua, hanya variabel sektor usaha yang mempengaruhi secarasignifikan tingkat kepatuhan perpajakan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi pada tahunpajak berjalan. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa sektor usaha Wajib Pajakmempunyai peran penting dalam hubungannya dengan tingkat kepatuhanperpajakan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi di Duren Sawit, Jakarta Timur.ABSTRACTThis paper tries to analyse individual tax compliance problems faced by Indonesiausing data of 2.383 taxpayers in fiscal year period 2013 in a district namely DurenSawit. Moreover, the analysis is based on five explanatory variables consisting intwo demographic factors: age level and gender of taxpayers, and three otherexplanatory variables: service-sector taxpayers, tax return status in 2011, and taxreturn status in 2012. Compared to previous studies, this research paper usesinternal data obtained directly from Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) ofRepublic of Indonesia while most of prior studies used survey method. Bycomparing three statistical methods, which are Probit method, Logit method, andLinear Probability Method, the analysis of this paper is divided into two modelsbased on the inclusion and exclusion of the previous tax return status. The firstmodel finds that all explanatory variables are statistically significant ininfluencing individual tax compliance. However, in the second model, onlyservice-sector variable demonstrates statistical significance in explainingindividual tax compliance. In conclusion, sector of taxpayers has a significantcorrelation to individual tax compliance problems in Indonesia.;This paper tries to analyse individual tax compliance problems faced by Indonesiausing data of 2.383 taxpayers in fiscal year period 2013 in a district namely DurenSawit. Moreover, the analysis is based on five explanatory variables consisting intwo demographic factors: age level and gender of taxpayers, and three otherexplanatory variables: service-sector taxpayers, tax return status in 2011, and taxreturn status in 2012. Compared to previous studies, this research paper usesinternal data obtained directly from Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) ofRepublic of Indonesia while most of prior studies used survey method. Bycomparing three statistical methods, which are Probit method, Logit method, andLinear Probability Method, the analysis of this paper is divided into two modelsbased on the inclusion and exclusion of the previous tax return status. The firstmodel finds that all explanatory variables are statistically significant ininfluencing individual tax compliance. However, in the second model, onlyservice-sector variable demonstrates statistical significance in explainingindividual tax compliance. In conclusion, sector of taxpayers has a significantcorrelation to individual tax compliance problems in Indonesia.;This paper tries to analyse individual tax compliance problems faced by Indonesiausing data of 2.383 taxpayers in fiscal year period 2013 in a district namely DurenSawit. Moreover, the analysis is based on five explanatory variables consisting intwo demographic factors: age level and gender of taxpayers, and three otherexplanatory variables: service-sector taxpayers, tax return status in 2011, and taxreturn status in 2012. Compared to previous studies, this research paper usesinternal data obtained directly from Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) ofRepublic of Indonesia while most of prior studies used survey method. Bycomparing three statistical methods, which are Probit method, Logit method, andLinear Probability Method, the analysis of this paper is divided into two modelsbased on the inclusion and exclusion of the previous tax return status. The firstmodel finds that all explanatory variables are statistically significant ininfluencing individual tax compliance. However, in the second model, onlyservice-sector variable demonstrates statistical significance in explainingindividual tax compliance. In conclusion, sector of taxpayers has a significantcorrelation to individual tax compliance problems in Indonesia.;This paper tries to analyse individual tax compliance problems faced by Indonesiausing data of 2.383 taxpayers in fiscal year period 2013 in a district namely DurenSawit. Moreover, the analysis is based on five explanatory variables consisting intwo demographic factors: age level and gender of taxpayers, and three otherexplanatory variables: service-sector taxpayers, tax return status in 2011, and taxreturn status in 2012. Compared to previous studies, this research paper usesinternal data obtained directly from Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) ofRepublic of Indonesia while most of prior studies used survey method. Bycomparing three statistical methods, which are Probit method, Logit method, andLinear Probability Method, the analysis of this paper is divided into two modelsbased on the inclusion and exclusion of the previous tax return status. The firstmodel finds that all explanatory variables are statistically significant ininfluencing individual tax compliance. However, in the second model, onlyservice-sector variable demonstrates statistical significance in explainingindividual tax compliance. In conclusion, sector of taxpayers has a significantcorrelation to individual tax compliance problems in Indonesia., This paper tries to analyse individual tax compliance problems faced by Indonesiausing data of 2.383 taxpayers in fiscal year period 2013 in a district namely DurenSawit. Moreover, the analysis is based on five explanatory variables consisting intwo demographic factors: age level and gender of taxpayers, and three otherexplanatory variables: service-sector taxpayers, tax return status in 2011, and taxreturn status in 2012. Compared to previous studies, this research paper usesinternal data obtained directly from Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) ofRepublic of Indonesia while most of prior studies used survey method. Bycomparing three statistical methods, which are Probit method, Logit method, andLinear Probability Method, the analysis of this paper is divided into two modelsbased on the inclusion and exclusion of the previous tax return status. The firstmodel finds that all explanatory variables are statistically significant ininfluencing individual tax compliance. However, in the second model, onlyservice-sector variable demonstrates statistical significance in explainingindividual tax compliance. In conclusion, sector of taxpayers has a significantcorrelation to individual tax compliance problems in Indonesia.]"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti hubungan antara subsidi pada bahan bakar fosil dan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis dengan data panel. Akan tetapi, terdapat kesulitan dalan mengumpulkan data tentang subisidi, oleh karena itu penentuan sampel dilaksanakan berdasarkan ketersediaan data. Sampel dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 37 negara, termasuk Indonesia. Selain memasukkan variabel utama (subsidi bahan bakar fosil), penelitian ini juga memasukan beberapa variabel lain yang turut mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi, yaitu opennes (keterbukaan), gross capital formation dan tingkat partisipasi masyarakat pada tingkat pendidikan menengah. Banyak penelitian telah dilakukan untuk menginvestigasi dampak subsidi terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Akan tetapi, dengan menggunakan data yang lebih aktual dan metode yang lebih baik, penelitian ini lebih difokuskan kepada dampak subsidi bahan bakar fosil terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi (baik dalam total subsidi maupun dalam subsidi terhadap setiap jenis bahan bakar fossil). Hasil regresi menunjukkan bahwa subsidi pada bahan bakar fosil secara total, subsidi terhadap batubara, listrik dan gas alam memiliki dampak negatif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Akan tetapi penelitian ini gagal menunjukkan bahwa subsidi terhadap bahan bakar minyak memiliki dampak negatif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Sementara itu, hasil regresi terhadap variabel pendukung lainnya menunjukkan bawa opennes (keterbukaan), capital formation (pembentukan modal) dan partisipasi masyarakat terhadap pendidikan menengah berhubungan positive dan signifikan terhadap growth.

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The main objective of this research is to examine the relationship between fossil fuel subsidies and growth. In order to achieve this objective, the research employs panel data analysis. However, due to the difficulties in obtaining the data about subsidies, the sample and the time frame have been selected based on the availability of the fossil fuel subsidies data. The sample consists of 37 countries, including Indonesia. Instead of the key variable (fossil fuel subsidies), the study also employs others determinants of growth as independent variables, namely openness (OPEN), gross capital formation (CF) and secondary school enrolment.

Many studies have been conducted to investigate the impact of subsidies on growth. However, by employing more recent data and better methods, this research focuses on the impact of fossil fuel (both in total and for each type of the fossil fuel energy) subsidies toward growth.

The result of the regression confirmed that fossil fuel subsidies, coal subsidies, electricity and natural gas subsidies have negative and significant impact toward growth. However, the research found that oil subsidies are negative but not significant toward growth. The result on other explanatory variables shows that openness (OPEN) capital formation (CF) and gross secondary school enrolment (secgrt10) are positive and significant toward growth."

"Pendidikan berkaitan erat dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi sekaligus berperan penting dalam menentukan kualitas sumber daya manusia. Pengaruh pendidikan tidak hanya dapat mengubah status ekonomi, tetapi juga meningkatkan kualitas hidup dalam banyak aspek. Penelitian ini mencoba mengukur pengaruh pendidikan terhadap kebahagiaan, penerimaan diri, dan keharmonisan keluarga dengan membandingkan model spesifikasi terbatas dan model spesifikasi luas menggunakan metode OLS dan regresi probit ordinal. Hanya variabel pendidikan yang digunakan dalam model spesifikasi terbatas untuk diuji pengaruhnya terhadap ketiga variabel dependen. Sementara itu, variabel demografi dan sosial ekonomi seperti pendapatan, jenis kelamin, usia, status perkawinan, jumlah anggota rumah tangga, klasifikasi wilayah, kepemilikan rumah, status kesehatan, dan lama waktu senggang dimasukkan ke dalam model spesifikasi luas. Bukti empiris menggunakan data mikro terbaru dari Badan Pusat Statistik tahun 2021 menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan berkontribusi secara positif dan signifikan terhadap ketiga variabel dependen tersebut. Temuan empiris dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa orang yang berpendidikan tinggi memiliki tingkat kebahagiaan, penerimaan diri, dan keharmonisan keluarga yang lebih tinggi daripada orang dengan pendidikan lebih rendah.

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Education is inextricably linked to enhancing economic growth and plays a pivotal role in determining the quality of human capital. The effect of education could alter not only the economic status but also improve the quality of life in many aspects. This paper attempts to measure the effect of education on happiness, self-acceptance, and family harmony by comparing the narrow specification model and the broad specification model using OLS and the ordered probit technique. Only education variables were used in the narrow specification model to examine its effect on three dependent variables. Meanwhile, demographic and socioeconomic variables such as income, gender, age, marital status, household size, area classification, home ownership, health status, and leisure time were incorporated into the broad specification model. The empirical evidence using recent microdata from Statistics Indonesia in 2021 demonstrates that education contributes positively and significantly toward the three dependent variables. The findings indicate that highly educated people report higher happiness, self-acceptance, and family harmony than lower-educated people."

"Ruang terbuka hijau merupakan suatu hal penting dalam membentuk fungsi ruang perkotaan. Hal ini dikarenakan dapat memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan terhadap keberlanjutan lingkungan, keamanan, kesehatan, serta terhadap pengembangan ekonomi dan sosial. Selain itu, apabila ruang terbuka hijau ini disediakan secara baik dan proporsional, maka akan memberikan multi benefit bagi komunitas serta dapat memberikan efek positif terhadap nilai lahan properti di sekitarnya. Sejalan dengan kewajiban yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Penataan Ruang no. 26/2007, saat ini pemerintah provinsi DKI Jakarta sedang membangun ruang terbuka hijau. Sehubungan dengan dinamika tersebut, studi ini mencoba untuk melihat hubungan antara nilai lahan dengan ruang terbuka hijau dengan menggunakan hedonic pricing model.

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Green open space is very important for the functioning of an urban area. Moreover, it may give significant contribution for environmental sustainability, safety, health, as well as for sosial and economic development. When green open space adequately provided, it offers multi-dimensional benefits to the community and substitutes to positively impact the property values. There are recent developments of green open space in DKI Jakarta, which aligns with an obligation as regulated by law no. 26/2007 on spatial planning to provide public green space in urban area. This research try to estimate the land value which can explain the house prices in the area of study with the existencies of green open space using hedonic pricing model."

"Perilaku ketidakpatuhan wajib pajak sudah menjadi permasalahan utama bertahun-tahun di berbagai negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia. Permasalahan ini menimbulkan dampak yang besar untuk pembangunan di Indonesia, terutama karena pajak menjadi bagian terbesar dalam penerimaan negara. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan melihat permasalahan ketidakpatuhan tersebut sebagai latar belakang penelitian serta mencari tahu faktor-faktor yang menentukan kepatuhan wajib pajak badan dalam memenuhi kewajiban perpajakan. Kemudian, factor-faktor tersebut akan dibagi menjadi dua aspek; aspek karakter perusahaan dan aspek perilaku perusahaan. Selanjutnya, data berasal dari Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Jakarta Duren Sawit sebagai data sekunder dan data survey yang didasarkan pada persepsi wajib pajak badan sebagai data primer. Perbedaan data penelitian akan di bawa ke dalam dua analisa utama, yaitu regresi logistic dan regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaporan pajak tahun sebelumnya dan persepsi korupsi mempengaruhi kepatuhan wajib pajak secara signifikan, sementara faktor-faktor lainnya tidak mempunyai pengaruh secara keseluruhan. Hal ini secara menyeluruh menyimpulkan bahwa semua factor-faktor kepatuhan adalah satu kesatuan yang harus dijadikan bahan pertimbangan untuk mengurangi perilaku ketidakpatuhan dari wajib pajak, dimana persepsi korupsi adalah faktor utama yang seharusnya menjadi kebijakan penting bagi pemerintah.

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For years, the noncompliance behaviour of taxpayers has been the main problem in many developing countries like Indonesia. It makes a significant effect to the country?s development, since tax takes the biggest part of the government?s revenue. This study is conducted by seeing this phenomenon as a background, and it is aimed at determining the factors that are likely to have correlation with the compliance. It focuses on the corporate taxpayers behaviour, which is divided based on two aspects; the business characteristics aspect and tax attitudinal aspect. The data sources derive from the Duren Sawit STO, and survey data are based on the taxpayer perception using six-point Likert Scale. Then, it will apply two different analyses; first, the logistic regression and second, the multiple regressions. It is shown that the previous tax income return from the taxpayers and the corruption perception influence the compliance significantly, while the other factors are mostly ignored. Overall, it implies that all factors must be brought together as a consideration to reduce noncompliance behavior with fighting corruption as the key element that should be a main policy by the government."