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"ABSTRAKKasus kekerasan di Indonesia selalu meningkat dari tahun ke tahun dan pada tahun 2008 anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum mencapai 78 ribu berdasarkan data yang dikumpulkan oleh Dirjen Pemasyarakatan, Dephukham. Tesis ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pola asuh dengan perilaku kekerasan pada pelajar SMP di DKI Jakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang menggunakan data Pusat Penelitian Kesehatan Universitas Indonesia kerja sama dengan BNP DKI Jakarta, yaitu Survei Perilaku Remaja yang dilaksanakan pada tahun 2006 dengan desain potong lintang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, faktor pola asuh yang berhubungan dengan perilaku kekerasan pada pelajaran SMP adalah perlakuan kasar orang tua dan sanksi. Dengan demikian, untuk mengatasi masalah kekerasan pada pelajar SMP, orang tua perlu menghilangkan unsur kekerasan dalam mendidik anak-anaknya dan menggunakan cara pemberian sanksi yang tepat.

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ABSTRACTCases of violence in Indonesia is increasing from year to year and in 2008, children in conflict with the law are 78 thousand according to data compiled by the Directorate General of Penitentiary, Department of Law and Human Rights. This thesis aim is to examine the association of parenting with violent behavior in Junior High School students in Jakarta. This research is a quantitative study that used data from Pusat Penelitian Kesehatan Universitas Indonesia in cooperation with BNP Jakarta, namely the Youth Behavior Survey conducted in 2006 with a cross-sectional design. Based on these results, parenting factors related to violent behavior of Junior High School students are harsh treatment of parents and internalization of values. Thus, to overcome the problem of violence in Junior High School students, parents need to eliminate the element of violence in educating their children and use a proper way to give sanction."

"Pencemaran udara ruang kelas terkait beberapa gangguan pernapasan pada anak usia sekolah. Stres oksidatif telah dilaporkan sebagai salah satu mekanisme penting dalam dampak kesehatan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pajanan pencemar udara PM2.5 dan NO2 di lingkungan sekolah dan hubungannya dengan penanda stres oksidatif GSH dan MDA saliva siswa sekolah dasar. Pengukuran pajanan PM2.5 dan NO2 dilakukan di tiga sekolah dasar negeri Jakarta Barat serta pengambilan sampel saliva dari 76 siswa pada tiga sekolah tersebut untuk pengukuran penanda stres oksidatif GSH dan MDA. Data diolah secara statistik untuk menguji hubungan pajanan dan penanda stres oksidatif. Penelitian ini menemukan pajanan di ketiga sekolah yaitu PM2.5 ruang rata-rata 102,19 ± 86,91 μg/m3 dan median 81,50 μg/m3; PM2.5 lapangan rata-rata 82,31 ± 36,56 μg/m3 sedangkan rata-rata pajanan NO2 ruang kelas 90,37 ± 84,97 μg/m3; NO2 lapangan 116,83 ± 83,58 μg/m3. Sedangkan rata-rata konsentrasi penanda stres oksidatif GSH 0,70 ± 0,07 μg/mL dan MDA 1,63 ± 1,06 nmol/mL. Rata-rata konsentrasi GSH antara sekolah terpajan rendah dan tinggi tidak berbeda signifikan namun rata-rata konsentrasi MDA berbeda signifikan. Kenaikan PM2.5 ruang 1 μg/m³ maka konsentrasi GSH akan naik sebesar 0,001 μg/mL, kenaikan PM2.5 ruang 1 μg/m3 berhubungan dengan kenaikan GSH 0,003 μg/mL dan MDA 0,035 nmol/mL. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan terdapat hubungan antara konsentrasi GSH saliva dengan pajanan PM2.5 ruang dan lapangan, tidak ada hubungan antara konsentrasi MDA saliva dengan PM2.5 ruang namun berhubungan dengan PM2.5 lapangan. Tidak ada hubungan antara konsentrasi GSH dan MDA saliva dengan pajanan NO2.

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Classroom air pollution is associated with several respiratory disorders in school-age children. Oxidative stress has been reported as one of the important mechanisms in this health impact. This study aims to determine the exposure to air pollutants PM2.5 and NO2 in the school environment and their relationship with markers of oxidative stress GSH and MDA saliva of elementary school students. Measurements of PM2.5 and NO2 exposure were carried out in three public elementary schools in West Jakarta and saliva samples were taken from 76 students at these three schools to measure oxidative stress markers GSH and MDA. The data were statistically processed to examine the relationship between exposure and markers of oxidative stress. This study found that the exposures in the three schools were PM2.5 with an average of 102.19 ± 86.91 g/m3 and a median of 81.50 g/m3; PM2.5 in the field averaged 82.31 ± 36.56 g/m3 while the average NO2 exposure in the classroom was 90.37 ± 84.97 g/m3; NO2 field 116.83 ± 83.58 g/m3. Meanwhile, the average concentration of oxidative stress markers GSH was 0.70 ± 0.07 g/mL and MDA 1.63 ± 1.06 nmol/mL. The average GSH concentration between low and high exposed schools was not significantly different, but the average MDA concentration was significantly different. An increase in PM2.5 room 1 g/m then the concentration of GSH will increase by 0.001 g/mL, an increase in PM2.5 space 1 g/m3 is associated with an increase in GSH 0.003 g/mL and MDA 0.035 nmol/mL. This study concludes that there is a relationship between salivary GSH concentrations with room and field PM2.5 exposure, there is no relationship between salivary MDA concentration and room PM2.5 but it is associated with field PM2.5. There was no relationship between salivary GSH and MDA concentrations with NO2 exposure. "