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"Latihan fisik telah diketahui memberikan manfaat terhadap kesehatan. Namun demikian latihan fisik juga berpotensi memberikan dampak negatif seperti cedera dan terjadinya stres oksidatif. Latihan fisik dengan intensitas tinggi dan durasi lama dianggap sebagai salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya stres oksidatif. Latihan longmars merupakan salah satu materi pelatihan Komando yang dilaksanakan oleh peserta pelatihan Komando pada tahap gunung hutan. Latihan longmars dilaksanakan dengan berjalan kaki selama 8 hari berturut-turut, kecepatan 5-6 km/jam, membawa beban 35 kg, melewati medan bervariasi (datar, menanjak dan menurun) dan menempuh jarak sekitar 500 km. Latihan longmars sebagai salah satu bentuk latihan fisik di lingkungan militer dengan durasi lama dan intensitas tinggi diduga dapat menyebabkan terjadinya stres oksidatif. Stres oksidatif dapat diketahui dengan pemeriksaan Malondialdehida (MDA) yang merupakan penanda stres oksidatif. Tujuan: mengetahui rerata kadar MDA dan perbedaan rerata kadar MDA peserta pelatihan Komando sebelum dan setelah melaksanakan latihan Longmars. Metode: sebanyak 30 subyek penelitian peserta pelatihan Komando dalam kelompok usia 20-30 tahun yang dipilih secara acak mengikuti penelitian ini. Subyek penelitian merupakan prajurit terlatih yang telah melaksanakan program latihan fisik selama 1-4 tahun. Pemeriksaan kadar MDA dilakukan 1 hari sebelum pelaksanaan latihan Longmars dan segera setelah selesai melaksanakan latihan Longmars. Hasil: rerata kadar MDA sebelum latihan Longmars adalah 0,729 ± 0,229 nmol/mL, rerata kadar MDA setelah latihan Longmars adalah 0,655 ± 0,183 nmol/mL. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna rerata kadar MDA sebelum dan setelah latihan Longmars ( P 0,191 ). Kesimpulan: tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar MDA peserta pelatihan Komando sebelum dan setelah melaksanakan latihan Longmars. Hal ini kemungkinan disebabkan telah terjadi adaptasi latihan fisik terhadap kadar MDA yang terjadi selama latihan Longmars.

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Background: Physical exercise has been known to provide health benefits. However, physical exercise as well as the potential negative impact of injury and oxidative stress. Physical exercise with high intensity and long duration are considered as one of the factors that cause oxidative stress. Longmarch Exercise is one of the training materials Commando conducted by trainees Commando training in forest mountain stage. Longmarch exercises conducted by walking for 8 consecutive days, speed of 5-6 km / h, carrying a load of 35 kg, over varied terrain (flat, uphill and downhill) and a distance of about 500 miles. Longmarch exercise as one of procedural activity in the Commando training in a military environment with long duration and high intensity could be expected to lead to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress can be determined by examination malondialdehida (MDA) which is a marker of oxidative stress.

Purpose: To determine the mean levels of MDA and the mean differences MDA levels of Commando training participants before and after implementing Longmarch exercise.

Methods: Subjects of the study were 30 participants in Commando training 20-30 years old were randomly selected to follow become respondent of this research. The research subject is a trained soldier who had been carrying out a physical exercise program for 1-4 years. The level of MDA examination performed 1 day prior to the Longmarch exercise and immediately after completion of the Longmarch exercise.

Results: The mean of MDA levels before Longmarch exercise was 0.729 ± 0.229 nmol / mL, the mean of MDA levels after Longmarch exercise was 0.655 ± 0.183 nmol / mL. There were no significant differences in mean of MDA levels before and after Longmarch exercise (P 0.191).

Conclusion: there is no significant difference of the MDA levels of Commando training participants before and after implementing Longmarch exercise. This is probably due to the body's adaptation that occur during Longmarch exercise."

"Latar Belakang: Akumulasi lemak viseral pada pasien Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Tipe 2 dapat menyebabkan komplikasi metabolik dan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan dalam bentuk kombinasi High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) dan latihan beban terhadap perubahan lemak viseral pada pasien DM Tipe 2. Metode: Analisis sekunder dari Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) pada bulan Juli 2017 sampai Januari 2018. Subjek berjumlah 18 orang yang diambil dari kelompok eksperimen. Subjek melakukan HIIT sebanyak 3x/minggu dan latihan beban 2x/minggu dengan durasi 12 minggu latihan. Protokol HIIT dengan perbandingan 1 menit intensitas tinggi dan 4 menit intensitas lebih rendah, sedangkan latihan beban terdiri dari 9 jenis latihan meliputi ekstrimitas atas, batang tubuh, dan ekstrimitas bawah. Hasil: 18 pasien (72% perempuan) dengan rerata usia 50,94 tahun. Seluruh subjek berada pada kategori overweight (17%), dan obese (83%), serta obesitas sentral (100%). Tidak didapatkan perubahan lemak viseral yang signifikan (p>0.05) dengan pengukuran menggunakan Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). Kesimpulan: Didapatkan seluruh subjek berada pada kategori overweight dan obese serta memiliki obesitas sentral. Tidak didapatkan perubahan lemak viseral yang bermakna dari kombinasi HIIT dan latihan beban selama 12 minggu pada pasien DM Tipe 2.

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Background: The accumulation of visceral fat in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patient can cause metabolic complications and risk of cardiovascular disease. Goals: This study aims to determine the effect of combined High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Resistance training on the Changes in Visceral Fat in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patient. Methods: Secondary analysis of the Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) on July 2017 and completed January 2018. Eighteen participants were taken from the experimental group. Participants did HIIT three times a week and resistance training twice a week with the duration of 12 weeks. HIIT protocol was comprised of one minute of high intensity and 4 minutes of lower intensity. Resistance training was comprised of nine exercises for upper extremities, core, and lower extremities. Results: 18 patients (72% female) with an average age of 50.94 years. All subjects were in the overweight (17%), obese (83%), and central obesity (100%). There were no significant changes in visceral fat (p>0,05) with measurements using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). Conclusion: All participants are overweight, obese and have central obesity. There were no changes in visceral fat from a combination of HIIT and resistance training in

Type 2 DM patients in 12 weeks."

"Latar belakang: Insidensi penyakit kardiovaskular meningkat signifikan diseluruh dunia dan menjadi penyebab utama kematian. Penyakit kardiovaskular pada tenaga kesehatan dapat meningkatkan angka ketidakhadiran kerja dan menjadi masalah bagi sistem layanan kesehatan. Karantina pada Pandemi COVID-19 secara umum dapat mengurangi aktivitas fisik dan latihan fisik harian, sehingga mengganggu kebugaran fisik dan kesehatan jantung. Perlunya pengembangan latihan fisik untuk mencegah risiko penyakit kardiovaskular pada nakes, salah satunya Senam Jantung Sehat dan latihan kekuatan otot. Tujuan: Mengetahui risiko penyakit kardiovaskular dan pengaruh intervensi latihan secara virtual terhadap faktor risiko penyakit kardiovaskular serta komponen kebugaran terkait kesehatan pada tenaga kesehatan. Metode: Studi intervensi dengan membandingkan 2 kelompok (uji dan kontrol). Randomized. Tiga puluh empat subjek tenaga kesehatan kedalam kelompok intervensi (Senam Jantung Sehat dan latihan kekuatan otot), diberikan secara virtual melalui aplikasi Zoom, Senam Jantung Sehat dilakukan 3x seminggu dan latihan kekuatan otot diberikan 2x seminggu setelah selesai Senam Jantung Sehat, dengan jeda 3 hari. Tiga puluh empat subjek tenaga kesehatan dalam kelompok kontrol hanya diberikan edukasi aktivitas fisik. Intervensi diberikan selama 3 bulan, dengan total 36 sesi. Analisa data dilakukan untuk menilai perbedaan rerata dan delta dengan uji T tidak berpasangan dan Mann Whitney. Hasil: Analisa data dilakukan pada 5 subjek sesuai dengan kriteria >60% kehadiran, dimana 29 subjek gagal menghadiri 60% kehadiran karena berbagai alasan. Risiko utama penyakit kardiovaskular adalah Indeks massa tubuh (IMT). Rata rata angka kepatuhan latihan fisik pada kelompok uji adalah 33,1 %. Ditemukan penurunan IMT dan persen lemak tubuh lebih baik pada kelompok uji dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (p=0,025 dan p= 0,031). Penurunan kekuatan otot punggung lebih baik pada kelompok kontrol dibandingkan kelpmpok uji (p=0,007). Penurunan nilai pada tekanan darah sistolik, total kolesterol, low density lipoprotein dan peningkatan kebugaran kardiorespirasi memiliki kecenderungan yang lebih baik meskipun tidak bermakna secara statistik. Kesimpulan: Pemberian intervensi pada kelompok uji secara umum tidak berbeda secara statistik jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol, namun intervensi pada kelompok uji memiliki kemungkinan dalam mencegah risiko penyakit kardiovaskular.

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Background: The incidence of cardiovascular disease has increased significantly worldwide and is a major cause of death. Cardiovascular disease in health workers can increase absenteeism and become a problem for the health care system. Quarantine in the COVID-19 Pandemic in general can reduce physical activity and daily physical exercise, thereby interfering with physical fitness and heart health. The need for the development of physical exercise to prevent the risk of cardiovascular disease, one of which is Senam Jantung Sehat and muscle strength training. 

Objectives: To determine the risk of cardiovascular disease and the effect of virtual exercise intervention on cardiovascular disease risk factors and health-related fitness components in health workers.

Methods: An intervention study by comparing 2 groups (test and control). Randomized. Thirthy four subjects of health workers into the intervention group (Senam Jantung Sehat and muscle strength training), administered virtually through the Zoom application, Senam Jantung Sehat was performed 3x a week and muscle strength training were given 2x a week after completion of Senam Jantung Sehat, with a 3-day break. Thirty-four subjects of health workers in the control group were only given physical activity education. The intervention was given for 3 months, for a total of 36 sessions. Data analysis was carried out to assess the mean and delta differences with the unpaired T test and Mann Whitney.

Results: Data analysis was carried out on 5 subjects according to the criteria of >60% attendance, where 29 subjects failed to attend 60% attendance for various reasons. The main risk of cardiovascular disease is body mass index (BMI). The average physical exercise adherence rate in the test group was 33.1%. It was found that the decrease in BMI and percent body fat was better in the test group than the control group (p=0.025 and p=0.031). The decrease in back muscle strength was better in the control group than the test group (p=0.007). The decrease in systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and increased cardiorespiratory fitness tended to be better, although not statistically significant. 

Conclusion: The intervention in the test group in general was not statistically different when compared to the control group, but the intervention in the test group had the possibility of preventing the risk of cardiovascular disease."