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Abstrak :
Isolat Actinomycetes BCy diisolasi dari lamun Cymodocea rotundata di Prapat Agung, Bali Barat dan telah diidentifikasi menggunakan gen 16S rRNA menunjukkan kemiripan 99,00 dengan Streptomyces sp. Isolat tersebut difermentasi dalam Production Medium 4 PM4 , diinkubasi selama 1 dan 2 minggu. Medium difiltrasi dengan etil asetat lalu biomassa dikeringkan. Hasil biomassa kering minggu 1 dan 2 1,68 g, 2,79 g . Ekstrak kasar minggu 1 68,30 mg lebih tinggi dibandingkan minggu 2 62,35 mg . Metode uji antimikroba menggunakan Kirby-Bauer. Hasil uji menunjukkan ekstrak kasar senyawa antimikroba tidak mampu menghambat Escherichia coli NBRC 3301, namun mampu menghambat Staphylococcus aureus NBRC100910 pada konsentrasi 5 mg/mL dan apabila konsentrasi ditingkatkan menjadi 15 mg/mL maka mampu menghambat Candida albicans UICC Y-29 dan Staphylococcus aureus NBRC100910. ......Isolate Actinomycetes BCy was isolated from seagrass Cymodocea rotundata in Prapat Agung, Bali Barat and was identified using 16S rRNA gene showing similarities 99,00 with Streptomyces sp. The isolates were fermented in Production Medium 4 PM4 , incubated for 1 and 2 weeks. Medium was filtered with ethyl acetate then the biomass was dried. Total dried biomass during the 1st and 2nd weeks were 1,68 g and 2,79 g respectively. The crude extract of the 1st week 68,30 mg was higher than 2nd week 62,35 mg. Antimicrobial test was done using the Kirby Bauer method. The results show that crude extract can not inhibit Escherichia coli NBRC 3301, but inhibit Staphylococcus aureus NBRC100910 in 5 mg mL and if the concentration was added into 15 mg mL, it can inhibits Candida albicans UICC Y 29 and Staphylococcus aureus NBRC100910.

Abstrak :
Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk deteksi gen PIK3CA ekson 9 dengan pendekatan dua metode PCR dan membandingkan dua metode tersebut, agar menghindari deteksi positif palsu akibat keberadaan pseudogene pada kanker payudara. Sepuluh DNA genomik digunakan pada penelitian ini. Dua pasang primer digunakan untuk metode PCR standar dan Nested PCR untuk deteksi gen PIK3CA ekson 9 dengan ukuran produk PCR adalah 200 bp dan 400 bp diikuti dengan metode DNA sequencing. Optimasi dilakukan untuk menentukan suhu annealing PCR standard dan Nested PCR, serta jumlah siklus yang digunakan pada 1st nested PCR 15 siklus dan 25 siklus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan PCR standar set primer I dan II bekerja dengan suhu annealing optimum 60,7oC, diinterferensi oleh pseudogene dengan tingkat spesifisitas untuk masing-masingnya sebesar 20 dan 30. Nested PCR dengan kondisi optimum suhu annealing untuk pertama 55oC, suhu annealing kedua 60,7oC dengan 15x siklus PCR berhasil 100 dapat mendeteksi gen PIK3CA. Sampel mengandung satu mutasi substitutsi pada basa 545 ekson 9, mengindikasikan perubahan asam amino dari asam glutamat E ke lisin K. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pseudogene terdapat pada kanker payudara. Metode Nested PCR spesifik digunakan untuk studi genotyping gen PIK3CA ekson 9. ...... The aim of study is to detect of exon 9 PIK3CA gene with two PCR methods approach and comparing two methods, to avoid detection of false positives effect pseudogene exist in breast cancer. Ten genomics DNA were used in this experiment. Two pairs of primer Standard PCR and Nested PCR method used to detection of exon 9 PIK3CA genes with the size of PCR products is 200 bp and 400 bp followed with DNA sequencing method. Optimization was done to determine of annealing temperature of Standard PCR and Nested PCR, as well as the number of cycles used in the 1st nested PCR 15 cycles and 25 cycles. The result of research was standard PCR using each primer pairs I and II with optimum annealing temperature 60,7oC, had interference by pseudogene with the degree of specificity for each them was 20 and 30. Nested PCR with optimum condition annealing temperature for the first round at 55oC, annealing temperature for the second round at 60,7oC with 15x PCR cycles 100 succeed to detect the true PIK3CA gene. Samples contain one substitution mutation at position 545 of exon 9, indicating amino acid changing from glutamate acid E to lysin K. The result was, pseudogene also exists in breast cancer. Nested PCR methods specifically used for genotyping studies exon 9 of PIK3CA gene.

Abstrak :
Kenaikan suhu global bumi hingga 2 0C memberi pengaruh nyata terhadap produktivitas sapi. Efek negatif kenaikan suhu global dapat dikurangi dengan mempelajari adaptasi hewan pada tingkat individu hingga gen. penelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajari respons fisiologi dan ekspresi gen termoregulator Hsp90 dan ATP1A1 sapi Bali di beberapa daerah di Inonesia. Pengumpulan data fisiologi, sampel darah sapi dn kondisi lingkungan dilakukan di Cipelang Kabupaten Bogor, Desa Lompo Tengah Kabupaten Barru, Desa Sumber Klampok Kabupaten Buleleng, dan Desa Telaga Bertong Kabupaten Sumbawa Barat. Sampel darah diambil dari vena jugularis untuk diisolasi RNA, lalu ditranskripsi balik menjadi cDNA yang kemudian dilanjutkan dengan proses qRT-PCR. Ekspresi gen dilakukan dengan metode komparasi deltas Ct dengn normalisasi oleh gen GADPH. Analisis data fisiologi dan kondisi lingkungan dengan uji multivariate dan korelasi Pearson, sedangkan analisis ekspresi gen dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis. Suhu udara, kelembaban udara dan intensitas matahari di empat lokasi berbeda nyata p=0 , tetapi kecepatan angin tidak berbeda nyata p=0,056 , sehingga mempengaruhi perbedaan suhu kulit, suhu rektum, suhu tubuh dan laju pernapasan. Respons sapi terhadap cekaman panas dengan cara peningkatan suhu kulit, suhu rektum, suhu tubuh, laju pernapasan, peningkatan ekspresi gen Hsp90 dan ATP1A1. Rasio ekspresi gen Hsp90/GADPH dan ATP1A1/GADPH berbeda setiap lokasi penelitian karena dipengaruhi kondisi iklimnya. ......Earth 39 s global temperature rise to 2 0C had a significant effect on the productivity of cattle. The negative effect of the global temperature rise can be reduced by studying the adaptation of animals at the individual level to the gene level. The research aimed to study the physiology response and gene expression of Hsp90 dan ATP1A1 on Bali cattle in some areas in Indonesia. The physiology profiles of cattle, blood samples and environmental conditions were collected from Cipelang, Lompo Tengah village, Sumber Klampok village and Telaga rtong village. Blood samples were taken from jugular vein to isolate RNA that was reverse transcribed info cDNA followed by qRT PCR process. Gene expression was performed by the comparative delta Cycle threshold Ct method which GADPH as internal control gene. Analysis of physiological data and environmental conditions were done by multivariate test and Pearson correlation test, whereas gene expression analized by Kruskal Wallis test. Air temperature, air humidity and the light intensity at four locations were significantly different p 0, but the wind speed did not differ significantly p 0,056, thus affecting differences in skin, rectal and body temperature, and respiratory rae. Bali cattle responded to heat stress by increasing the skin, rectal and body temperatures respiratory rate, and upregulated of Hsp90 and ATP1A1 genes. The ratio of the genes expression of Hsp90 GADPH an ATP1A1 GADPH were difference each the study sites because it 39 s climatic conditions.