Many daily activities require people to complete another task while walking. The purpose of this study was to analyze the change of kinesia and biomechanics of the subjects with Parkinsonism when perform another tasks during walking / dual tasking.This research is an observational analytic research with cross sectional design. Subjects were classified into two different groups. The first group consisted of 14 subjects with Parkinsonism, and the second group consisted 14 age-matched healthy subjects (control). Gait performance was measured under two different conditions: (1) preferred walking (single task) and (2) walking while answering questions from telephone (dual task). Gait cycle time, gait cycle length, gait velocity, angkle joint angle, and freezing of gait episode were examined with Kinovea. Our results showed that there were no significant differences between control subjects for all gait variables. However, there were significant differences in all dual-task-related gait variables (P < 0, 05) in Parkinsonism subjects compared with single task. The findings of this study suggest that subjects with Parkinsonism have difficulty performing another task while walking / dual tasking and recommend for planning physiotherapy to improve the quality of life of the Parkinsonism.
"Latar Belakang : Pajanan musik dan bising memiliki efek yang berkebalikan terhadap neurogenesis otak yang berpengaruh terhadap fungsi kognitif. Pajanan musik yang diberikan saat prenatal berpengaruh positif terhadap morfologi dan biokimiawi perkembangan otak namun, pajanan bising memberi pengaruh negatif. Belum terdapat penelitian mengenai efek pemberian pajanan musik setelah terpapar pajanan bising pada masa prenatal. Maka, penelitian ini mencoba menggabungkan pajanan bising dan musik pada prenatal untuk melihat pengaruh terhadap perkembangan korteks auditorik otak ayam (Gallus gallus domesticus).
Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan 24 telur ayam yang telah difertilisasi. Diinkubasi menjadi 4 kelompok yaitu : kelompok kontrol kelompok yang tidak diberikan perlakuan, kelompok musik kelompok yang diberikan pajanan auditorik berupa musik klasik, kelompok bising kelompok yang diberikan pajanan auditorik berupa kebisingan mesin penggiling daging bakso dan kelompok gabungan kelompok yang diberikan pajanan auditorik berupa kebisingan mesin penggiling daging bakso dan musik klasik secara bergantian.
Hasil : Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara rerata jumlah neuron korteks auditorik, rerata ekpresi synaptophysin korteks auditorik dan memori spasial antara kelompok bising dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol, musik dan gabungan. Namun, tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara rerata ekspresi synaptophysin korteks auditorik dan memori spasial antara kelompok musik dibandingkan dengan kelompok gabungan.
Kesimpulan : Pajanan auditorik prenatal gabungan ternyata memberi pengaruh positif terhadap perkembangan korteks auditorik. Jumlah neuron, ekspresi protein synaptophysin dan memori spasial kelompok yang diberikan pajanan bising dan musik secara bergantian lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Hal ini mengindikasikan pajanan musik yang diberikan mampu meminimalisasi efek dari bising yang didapatkan.
Background: Exposure to music and noise has the opposite effect on neurogenesis of brain which influences cognitive function. Exposure to music during prenatal periods positively modifies morphological and biochemical of brain development but, noise exposure has a negative effect. There wasn’t research on the impact of music exposure after exposure to noise. So, this study tries to combine noise exposure and music exposure during prenatal periods to see the effect on the development of the auditory cortex and spatial memory of the chicken brain (Gallus gallus domesticus).
Method: This study used 24 fertilized chicken eggs. Incubated into 4 groups: control group not given treatment, music group that was given auditory exposure in the form of classical music, noise group given auditory exposure in the form of meatball meat grinding machine and combined group given noise auditory exposure even though the grinder meatballs and classical music alternately
Results: There were significant differences in the mean number of auditory cortex neurons, mean synaptophysin expression of auditory cortex, learning ability and spatial memory between noise groups compared to control, music and combined groups. However, there was no significant difference between the mean synaptophysin expression of auditory cortex, learning ability and spatial memory between music groups compared to the combined group.
Conclusion: Combined prenatal auditory exposure has a positive influence on the development of auditory cortex. The number of neurons, expression of synaptophysin protein and spatial memory of the combined group were higher than the control group. This indicates that the exposure to music provided is able to minimize the effects of noise exposure.
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