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"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Peran root surface conditioning terhadap keberadaan smear layer.Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara penggunaan root surface conditioning (minosiklin 2,1% dan EDTA 24%) terhadap keberadaan smear layer setelah penghalusan akar gigi. Metoda: Sepuluh gigi manusia yang dicabut akibat kelainan periodontal dan dilakukan penghalusan akar. Gigi dipotong pada daerahsepertiga servikal, dan 30 spesimen yang terbentuk dibagi dalam tiga kelompok.Hasil: Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan terhadap tingkat keberadaan smear layer antara kelompok minosiklin maupun EDTA (p=0,759). Terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara kelompok minosiklin dan EDTA dengan salin sebagai kontrol (p=0,00). Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan antara penggunaan root surface conditioning terhadap keberadaan smear layer.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Role of root surface conditioning of the existence of smear layer.Objective: To analyze the smear layer on root surface conditioned withminocycline HCl 2,1% , EDTA gel 24%, after root planed.Materials and methods: Ten human teeth removed due to chronic periodontitis were collected and root planed. The teeth were sectioned on 1/3 cervikal, 30 specimens were divided into three groups. Results: No significant differences of smear layer between minocycline and EDTA (p=0,759). There was significant differences of minocycline and EDTA group compare to saline (p=0,00).Conclusion: There was relationship of root surface conditioning treatment with smear layer.;Background: Role of root surface conditioning of the existence of smear layer.Objective: To analyze the smear layer on root surface conditioned withminocycline HCl 2,1% , EDTA gel 24%, after root planed.Materials and methods: Ten human teeth removed due to chronic periodontitis were collected and root planed. The teeth were sectioned on 1/3 cervikal, 30 specimens were divided into three groups. Results: No significant differences of smear layer between minocycline and EDTA (p=0,759). There was significant differences of minocycline and EDTA group compare to saline (p=0,00).Conclusion: There was relationship of root surface conditioning treatment with smear layer., Background: Role of root surface conditioning of the existence of smear layer.Objective: To analyze the smear layer on root surface conditioned withminocycline HCl 2,1% , EDTA gel 24%, after root planed.Materials and methods: Ten human teeth removed due to chronic periodontitis were collected and root planed. The teeth were sectioned on 1/3 cervikal, 30 specimens were divided into three groups. Results: No significant differences of smear layer between minocycline and EDTA (p=0,759). There was significant differences of minocycline and EDTA group compare to saline (p=0,00).Conclusion: There was relationship of root surface conditioning treatment with smear layer.]"

"[Latar Belakang: Regenerasi periodontal diawali dengan perlekatan bekuan fibrin yang stabil. Tujuan: Mengamati perbedaan tingkat perlekatan bekuan fibrin pada permukaan akar yang dilakukan root surface conditioning dengan menggunakan minosiklin dan EDTA. Metode: Tiga puluh buah permukaan akar gigi dibagi dalam tiga kelompok yaitu kelompok minosiklin, kelompok EDTA dan kelompok kontrol salin. Pada permukaan akar gigi dilakukan aplikasi darah segar dan dibiarkan berkoagulasi, bekuan fibrin di evaluasi dengan Scaning Electron Microscope. Hasil Penelitian: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara bekuan fibrin kelompok minosiklin dengan EDTA (p=0,759). Kesimpulan: Bahan EDTA dan minosiklin menghasilkan kepadatan bekuan fibrin yang sama pada permukaan akar gigi.

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Background: Periodontal regeneration starts with a stable fibrin clots on the root surface. Objective: To observe the differences of fibrin clots on root surface with root surface conditioning using Minocycline and EDTA. Method: Thirty root surfaces divided into three groups. Minocycline group, EDTA group and saline group as control. Fresh human blood dropped on the surface and allow to coagulate. Fibrin clots were evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscope. Result: The result showed no significant difference between minocycline and EDTA application (p=0,759) Conclusion: EDTA and minocycline showed equal capability in producing fibrin clots on the root surface;Background: Periodontal regeneration starts with a stable fibrin clots on the root surface. Objective: To observe the differences of fibrin clots on root surface with root surface conditioning using Minocycline and EDTA. Method: Thirty root surfaces divided into three groups. Minocycline group, EDTA group and saline group as control. Fresh human blood dropped on the surface and allow to coagulate. Fibrin clots were evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscope. Result: The result showed no significant difference between minocycline and EDTA application (p=0,759) Conclusion: EDTA and minocycline showed equal capability in producing fibrin clots on the root surface;Background: Periodontal regeneration starts with a stable fibrin clots on the root surface. Objective: To observe the differences of fibrin clots on root surface with root surface conditioning using Minocycline and EDTA. Method: Thirty root surfaces divided into three groups. Minocycline group, EDTA group and saline group as control. Fresh human blood dropped on the surface and allow to coagulate. Fibrin clots were evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscope. Result: The result showed no significant difference between minocycline and EDTA application (p=0,759) Conclusion: EDTA and minocycline showed equal capability in producing fibrin clots on the root surface, Background: Periodontal regeneration starts with a stable fibrin clots on the root surface. Objective: To observe the differences of fibrin clots on root surface with root surface conditioning using Minocycline and EDTA. Method: Thirty root surfaces divided into three groups. Minocycline group, EDTA group and saline group as control. Fresh human blood dropped on the surface and allow to coagulate. Fibrin clots were evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscope. Result: The result showed no significant difference between minocycline and EDTA application (p=0,759) Conclusion: EDTA and minocycline showed equal capability in producing fibrin clots on the root surface]"

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Hipersensitif dentin dipengaruhi oleh akumulasi plak padapermukaan gigi dan penetrasi bakteri pada tubulus dentin. Tujuan: Menganalisisproporsi serotipe c Streptococcus mutans dan tingkat keasaman di dalam plakdan saliva penderita resesi gingiva yang hipersensitif dentin dengan penderitaresesi gingiva yang non hipersensitif. Metode: Tiga puluh enam sampel plak dansaliva dibagi dalam dua kelompok yaitu kelompok hipersensitif dan nonhipersensitif. Dilakukan ekstrak DNA sampel, pengukuran pH sampel danevaluasi amplifikasi serotipe c Streptococcus mutans dengan alat Real TimePCR. Hasil: Proporsi serotipe c Streptococcus mutans di dalam plak dansaliva tidak berbeda pada penderita resesi gingiva dengan hipersensitifdentin maupun non hipersensitif, Kesimpulan: Proporsi serotipe cStreptococcus mutans plak dan saliva tidak mempengaruhi hipersensitifdentin.

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ABSTRACTBackground: dentin hypersensitivity is affected by the accumulation of plaqueon the tooth surface and penetration of bacteria in the dentinal tubules.Objective: To analyze the proportion of serotype c Streptococcus mutans and thelevel of acidity in plaque and saliva of patients with hypersensitive dentin andnon hypersensitive. Methods: Thirty-six plaque and saliva samples were dividedinto two groups: the hypersensitive and non-hypersensitive. Extract the sampleDNA, measure the acidity levels and evaluate serotype c Streptococcus mutansamplification with Real Time PCR. Results: The proportion of serotype cStreptococcus mutans in plaque and saliva is not significantly different in thepatients with gingival recession both hypersensitive and non-hypersensitive,Conclusions: The proportion of serotype c Streptococcus mutans in plaque andsaliva are equally well both in hypersensitive and non hypersensitive cases.;Background: dentin hypersensitivity is affected by the accumulation of plaqueon the tooth surface and penetration of bacteria in the dentinal tubules.Objective: To analyze the proportion of serotype c Streptococcus mutans and thelevel of acidity in plaque and saliva of patients with hypersensitive dentin andnon hypersensitive. Methods: Thirty-six plaque and saliva samples were dividedinto two groups: the hypersensitive and non-hypersensitive. Extract the sampleDNA, measure the acidity levels and evaluate serotype c Streptococcus mutansamplification with Real Time PCR. Results: The proportion of serotype cStreptococcus mutans in plaque and saliva is not significantly different in thepatients with gingival recession both hypersensitive and non-hypersensitive,Conclusions: The proportion of serotype c Streptococcus mutans in plaque andsaliva are equally well both in hypersensitive and non hypersensitive cases., Background: dentin hypersensitivity is affected by the accumulation of plaqueon the tooth surface and penetration of bacteria in the dentinal tubules.Objective: To analyze the proportion of serotype c Streptococcus mutans and thelevel of acidity in plaque and saliva of patients with hypersensitive dentin andnon hypersensitive. Methods: Thirty-six plaque and saliva samples were dividedinto two groups: the hypersensitive and non-hypersensitive. Extract the sampleDNA, measure the acidity levels and evaluate serotype c Streptococcus mutansamplification with Real Time PCR. Results: The proportion of serotype cStreptococcus mutans in plaque and saliva is not significantly different in thepatients with gingival recession both hypersensitive and non-hypersensitive,Conclusions: The proportion of serotype c Streptococcus mutans in plaque andsaliva are equally well both in hypersensitive and non hypersensitive cases.]"

"Latar Belakang: Subepithelial connective tissue graft SCTG dan acelullar dermal matrix ADM seringkali digunakan dalam perawatan resesi gingiva. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengevaluasi kondisi klinis jaringan periodontal setelah perawatan resesi gingiva antara menggunakan SCTG dengan ADM. Metode: Data resesi gingiva, tingkat perlekatan klinis gingiva, dan lebar gingiva cekat sebelum perawatan diambil dari rekam medik. Pasien dihubungi untuk pengambilan data setelah perawatan. Hasil: Penggunaan SCTG dan ADM memberikan hasil yang signifikan. Perbandingan antara kedua kelompok tidak menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan. Kesimpulan: Perawatan resesi gingiva dengan SCTG dan ADM memberikan hasil yang serupa.

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Background: Subepithelial connective tissue graft SCTG and acellular dermal matrix ADM are frequently used in treatment of gingival recession.

Objectives: To evaluate periodontal clinical conditions after treatment of gingival recession using SCTG and ADM.

Methods: Pre operative data of gingival recession, clinical attachment level, and attached gingiva were retrieved from medical records. Patients were recalled and post operative data were recorded.

Results: Application of SCTG and ADM yield significant changes. Comparisons between the two groups showed no statistically significant differences.

Conclusion: Treatment of gingival recession with SCTG and ADM yield similar outcomes."

"Latar Belakang: Terapi bedah flep periodontal dilakukan untuk meningkatkan status periodontal. Tujuan: Evaluasi secara klinis dan radiografis keberhasilan perawatan bedah flep periodontal tahun 2011-2016. Metode: Evaluasi status pasien antara sebelum dan sesudah perawatan bedah flep periodontal tanpa bahan cangkok tulang, menilai kedalaman poket, tingkat perlekatan klinis, resesi gingiva, dan ketinggian tulang alveolar. Hasil: Terdapat 126 data untuk kedalaman poket, resesi gingiva, tingkat perlekatan klinis. Terdapat 135 data untuk ketinggian tulang. Terdapat hasil yang signifikan untuk semua kelompok p=0,00. Kesimpulan: Perawatan bedah periodontal menghasilkan penurunan kedalaman poket, meningkatkan resesi gingiva, meningkatkan tingkat perlekatan klinis gingiva, dan peningkatan ketinggian tulang alveolar.

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Background: Periodontal flap surgery can improve periodontal status.

Objective: Clinical and radiographic evaluation of periodontal flap surgery in 2011 2016.

Methods: Evaluation of patient status between pre and post periodontal flap surgery without bone graft materials, measuring pocket depth, clinical attachment level, gingival recession, and alveolar bone height.

Results There are 126 data for pocket depth, gingival recession, level of clinical attachment. There are 135 data for bone height. There were significant results for all groups p 0.00.

Conclusion: Periodontal flap surgery resulted decreased pocket depth, increased gingival recession, increased clinical attachment level of gingiva, and increased alveolar bone height."

"Latar Belakang: Berbagai penelitian menyebutkan terdapat hubungan antara penyakit periodontal dengan kelahiran bayi prematur KBP , namun belum ada kajian hubungan keparahan periodontitis kronis dan proporsi Porphyromonas gingivalis dalam plak subgingiva dengan KBP. Metode: Penelitian retrospektif dengan metode wawancara, kuesioner, dan pemeriksaan klinis periodontal pada subjek maksimum 48 jam paska persalinan. Penentuan keparahan periodontitis kronis berdasarkan kriteria gabungan CAL, PPD, BOP, dan penyebaran. Pengambilan sampel plak subgingival dari poket terdalam untuk P. gingivalis dengan metode qPCR. Analisis statistik Chi-square dan Regresi Logistik menggunakan SPSS. Hasil: Ada hubungan antara keparahan periodontitis kronis dengan KBP p=0,002 ; dan antara proporsi P. gingivalis dengan keparahan periodontitis kronis p=0,015 dengan distribusi terbanyak pada periodontitis kronis berat. Tidak ada hubungan antara proporsi P. gingivalis dengan KBP p=0,466. Kesimpulan: KBP berhubungan dengan keparahan periodontitis kronis, namun tidak dengan proporsi P. gingivalis. Perlu penelitian lanjutan yang mengkaji hubungan bakteri periodontopatogen kuat lainnya dengan KBP. "

"ABSTRAKPeriodontitis merupakan penyakit kronis rongga mulut yang berkontribusi menjadi bebanpenyakit kronis di dunia. Keradangan kronis yang berat pada periodontitis kronis PK akan menimbulkan respon sistemik terhadap bakteri, dan produk kerusakan periodontal.Hubungan antara PK dengan diabetes melitus tipe-2 DM tipe-2 terjadi karena infeksioral merupakan faktor predisposisi DM tipe-2, sebaliknya DM tipe-2 menjadi faktorpredisposisi PK. Adipositokin, diantaranya resistin dan adiponektin, merupakan sitokinyang berperan sebagai mediator penyakit periodontal dan DM tipe-2. Tujuan penelitianini adalah menjelaskan peran adipositokin terhadap keterkaitan antara PK dengan DMtipe-2, ditinjau dari polimorfisme gen adiponektin, kadar resistin dan adiponektin, sertapengembangan model risiko periodontitis kronis. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 50 subjekPK non-DM usia 29-68 tahun dan 50 subjek PK dengan DM tipe-2 usia 30-73 tahun .Seluruh subjek dilakukan pemeriksaan status periodontal, status diabetes melitus, kadarresistin dan adiponektin di dalam CKG cairan krevikular gingiva maupun serum, bodymass index, serta polimorfisme gen adiponektin ADIPOQ 276G>T . Hasil uji bivariatpada subjek PK antara non-DM dengan DM tipe-2 menunjukkan terdapat perbedaanbermakna pT, kadar resistin danadiponektin CKG, kendali glikemik, serta BMI. Polimorfisme gen ADIPOQ 276G>Tmerupakan faktor risiko PK. Subjek dengan genotip GT berisiko 4,2 kali menderita PKdengan DM tipe-2 dibandingkan dengan subjek genotip GG. Model risiko PK dibentukdari faktor risiko usia, LDL, indeks kalkulus, gen adiponektin serta BMI dengan kekuatanhubungan kuat >80.

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ABSTRACTPeriodontitis is a chronic disease of the oral cavity that contributes to the burden ofchronic diseases worldwide. Severe chronic inflammation in chronic periodontitis CP will lead to systemic responses cause by bacteria and the breakdown products. Theassociation between CP with type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM occurs because oralinfection is a predisposing factor for T2DM, whereas T2DM becomes a CP predisposingfactor. Adipocytokine induces insulin resistance, acts as a mediator of periodontal diseaseand T2DM. Resistin and adiponectin are adipocytokines. The purpose of this study wasto predict the role of adipocytokines to the relationship between CP and T2DM, in termsof adiponectin gene polymorphisms, levels of gingival crevicular fluids GCF and serumresistin and adiponectin, and the CP susceptibility risk model. Fifty subject with CP nondiabetes age range 29-68 and 50 CP subject age 30-73 with T2DM were selected. Theperiodontal status, diabetes status, BMI and the levels of GCF and serum resistin andadiponectin were assessed. Bivariate test showed significant differences p T gene polymorphism, resistin and adiponectin levels in GCF, HbA1clevels, and BMI between CP non-DM and CP T2DM subject. Gene polymorphismADIPOQ 276G>T is a risk factor for CP. The subject with GT genotype 4.2 times OR4.2 suffering from CP with DM type-2 compare to the subject with GG genotype. TheCP risk model was formed from risks factors age, LDL, calculus index, adiponectin geneand BMI with strong relation strength > 80 ."

"Periodontitis merupakan penyakit inflamasi kronis dengan etiologi umum yaitu plak dan bakteri. Virus merupakan mikroorganisme yang diduga turut berperan dalam etiologiperiodontitis. Faktor genetik yaitu polimorfisme IFN-γ +874T/A (rs2430561) juga dapat mempengaruhi kerentanan seseorang terhadap periodontitis. Kadar IFN-γ sebagai salah satu respon host terhadap virus, dapat meningkat pada subjek dengan periodontitis. Faktor prediksi periodontitis yang telah dikenal berperan dalam etiologi periodontitis adalah faktor sosiodemografis (usia, jenis kelamin), parameter klinis (body mass index (BMI), merokok dan kebersihan mulut). Polimorfisme +874T/A (rs2430561) diduga mempengaruhi kadar IFN-γ. Tujuan: menganalisis hubungan antara virus Epstein-Barr (VEB), polimorfisme gen interferon gamma (IFN-γ +874T/A (rs2430561), kadar IFN-γ,sosiodemografis dan parameter klinis dengan periodontitis dan mendapatkan indeks prediksi periodontitis. Tujuan kedua adalah mengetahui hubungan antara polimorfismeIFN-γ dengan kadar IFN-γ. Metode: Evaluasi dilakukan pada 136 subjek yang dilakukan pemeriksaan klinis jaringan periodontal yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Cairankrevikular gingiva (CGK) diperiksa dengan paper point kemudian dilakukan analisis kadar IFN-γ dengan metode ELISA dan dilakukan ekstraksi DNA dan diperiksa DNA VEBdengan metode qRT-PCR. Ekstraksi DNA dari darah perifer subjek kemudian dianalisis genotipnya dengan menggunakan teknik RFLP. Data sosiodemografis (usia, jenis kelamin) dan parameter klinis (BMI, merokok dan kebersihan mulut) diperiksa dan dianalisis. Uji multivariat regresi logistik dilakukan untuk memperoleh faktor yang paling berperan pada periodontitis. Hasil: Tidak ditemukan hubungan bermakna antara VEB dengan periodontitis (p>0,05), namun deteksi VEB lebih banyak ditemukan pada periodontitis sedang-berat dibanding periodontitis ringan. Polimorfisme IFN-γ +874T/A (rs2430561) genotip AT atau TT mempunyai hubungan bermakna dengan periodontitis (OR=2,70; p=0,036) dibandingkan dengan genotip AA. Hubungan bermakna ditemukan pada kadar IFN-γ (OR=2,87; p=0,034), jenis kelamin (OR=0,04; p< 0,001) dan kebersihan mulut (OR 9,03, p=0,002) dengan periodontitis. Hubungan polimorfismeIFN-γ +874T/A (rs2430561) dengan kadar IFN-γ ditemukan tidak bermakna (p>0,05).Kesimpulan: Indeks prediksi periodontitis model satu didapatkan faktor prediksi jenis kelamin, kebersihan mulut, kadar IFN-γ dan polimorfisme +874T/A (rs2430561) yang mempengaruhi periodontitis. Indeks prediksi model dua didapatkan faktor prediksi jenis kelamin, kebersihan mulut dan kadar IFN-γ sebagai indeks prediksi periodontitis yanglebih aplikatif. Polimorfisme IFN-γ +874T/A (rs2430561) tidak mempengaruhi kadar IFN-γ pada subjek periodontitis.

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Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of periodontium that has a multifactorial origin. Dental plaque and bacteria widely known as the main etiology in periodontitis Viruses are microorganisms that are thought to play a role in the etiology of periodontitis. The IFN-γ genetic polymorphisms may cause an alteration in host immune response. IFN-γ cytokine has important roles toward virus and intracellular bacteria and the level of IFN-

γ increased in periodontitis patients. Sociodemographic factors (age, gender), clinical parameters (body mass index (BMI), smoking, and oral hygiene) are associated with the increased risk and severity of periodontitis. The polymorphisms of IFN-γ +874T/A (rs2430561) may affect the production of IFN-γ. Objective: to analyze the relationship between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) gene polymorphism +874T/A (rs2430561), IFN-γ levels, sociodemographic and clinical parameters with

periodontitis and obtain a predictive index of periodontitis. The second objective was to determine the relationship between IFN-γ polymorphisms and IFN-γ levels. Methods: A total of 136 subjects who met the inclusion criteria were invited to participate in the study.

Periodontal status was assessed by pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, and number of teeth. The IFN-γ level obtained from gingival crevicular fluid were measured using Human IFN-γ ELISA kit. EBV DNA positivity was determined in GCF samples using quantitative real-time PCR. DNA for single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was extracted from the peripheral blood and the genotype was analyzed using the RFLP technique. Sociodemographic data and clinical parameters were examined and analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors associated

with periodontitis. Results: The association between EBV and periodontitis was not significant (p>0,05), but the positive EBV detection was found higher in moderate-severe

periodontitis than mild periodontitis. Statistically significant differences were found in IFN-γ +874T/A (rs2430561) polymorphism between genotype AA, AT, TT, and the protein expressions of severe and mild periodontitis samples (OR 2.70, p=0.036; OR 2.87, p=0.034, respectively). Gender and oral hygiene were showed significantly difference (OR 0.04, p < 0.001; OR 9.03, p = 0.002, respectively). The +874T/A (rs2430561)

polymorphism association with IFN-γ levels was not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: The final predictive index of periodontitis consists of gender, oral hygiene, IFN-γ levels, and polymorphism +874T/A (rs2430561). The second model consists of gender, oral hygiene and IFN-γ levels which were more applicable in less lab facility. The +874T/A (rs2430561) polymorphism did not affect IFN-γ levels in periodontitis subjects."