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"Kandidemia merupakan salah satu bentuk kandidosis sistemik. Prevalensinya meningkat dalam dasawarsa terakhir karena mcningkatnya populasi pasien imunokompromis akibat berbagai sebab seperti prosedur kedokteran modern. Penelitian ini mcncliti tentang spesies Candida penyebab kandidemia, pola kepekaan Candida terhadap flukonazol dan vorikonazol dengan metode difusi cakram serta sumber infeksi eksogcn di lingkungan perawatan Perinatologi RSUPN-CM. Dari 187 sampel darah diperiksa dan dibiak, 95 positif (prevalensi 50,8%) dan berhasil diisolasi sebanyak 109 spesies Candida. Spesies yang dominan adalah C. zropicalis. Pola kepekaan Candida spp terhadap ilukonazol lebih beragam dibanding vorikonazol. Belum ditemukan sumbcr inf¢ksi eksogen dilingkungan rumah sakit.

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Candidemia is one of the clinical feature of systemic candidosis. Its prevalence increasing rapidly in the last decade due to increased number of immune compromised population. Thus study is aimed to determine the species of Candida that caused candidemia, its susceptibility patten against lluconazol and voriconazol using disk diffusion method and with evaluation to determine exogenous sources of infection on perinatology ward RSUPN-CM. 95 out of 187 blood samples were positive (prevalence 50,8%) with number of Candida spp. Isolated were lO9, C. Tropicalis was the predominant species. Susceptibility pattem against iluconazol is more variable comparing to voriconazol. No exogenous sources of infection found."

"[ABSTRAKPenghambat pompa proton (PPP) adalah salah satu contoh obat yang digunakan secara luas di dunia. Efikasi dan profil keamanan yang baik dari PPP berperan dalam terjadinya peresepan berlebihan di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan. Data terkini menunjukan bahwa PPP berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko pneumonia nosokomial. Penggunaan PPP intravena yang tidak tepat telah berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan total biaya kesehatan serta mengurangi ketersediaan obat. Penelitian retrospektif observasional ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa total konsumsi PPP, total penggunaan sediaan PPP intravena, ketepatan penggunaan sediaan PPP intravena, ketepatan frekuensi penggunaan PPP, dan kejadian pneumonia nosokomial yang berhubungan dengan obat ini. Data diambil dari rekam medik pasien yang masuk ruang rawat inap Ilmu Penyakit Dalam RSCM selama periode Oktober hingga Desember 2014. Pada penelitian ini, dari 210 pasien yang dievaluasi, terdapat 166 pasien (79%) menggunakan PPP, frekuensi ini lebih tinggi dari yang ditemukan pada rumah sakit di US (40-70%) dan di China (42%). Total konsumsi tercatat sebesar 194.31 defined daily dose (DDD)/ 100 bed-days, jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan yang ditemukan di Irlandia dan India (56.73 dan 128 DDD/ 100 bed-days). Sediaan intravena diberikan pada 87.35% pasien dan hanya 34.48% pasien memiliki indikasi yang tepat. Frekuensi penggunaan diberikan tanpa diturunkan pada beberapa pasien. Persentase pneumonia nosokomial tujuh hingga delapan kali lipat lebih tinggi pada kelompok PPP dibandingkan kelompok non-PPP. Namun, peranan beberapa faktor risiko terhadap terjadinya pneumonia nosokomial tidak dapat disingkirkan.

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ABSTRACTProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most widely used drugs in the world. The favorable efficacy and safety profile of these drugs has led to their over prescriptions in health care facilities. Recent data, however, has shown that the use of PPIs was associated with the increased risk of nosocomial pneumonia. Inappropriate use of intravenous PPIs has contributed to the increasing of total health cost and also decreasing the source of drugs. This retrospective, observational study was aimed to analyze the total consumption of PPIs, the total use of intravenous PPIs preparations, the appropriateness use of intravenous PPIs preparations, the appropriateness of the frequency of PPIs adminstration, and the occurance of nosocomial pneumonia related to PPIs use. Data were obtained from medical records of patients who came to Internal Medicine Ward RSCM during the period of October to Desember 2014. In this study, out of 210 patients evaluated, 166 patients (79%) used PPIs, the frequency is higher than those in hospitals in the US (40 to 70%) and in China (42%). The total consumption of PPIs was 194.31 defined daily dose (DDD)/ 100 bed-days, which is much higher compared to those in Ireland and India (56.73 and 128 DDD/ 100 bed-days). Intravenous preparations were admistered to 87.35% of patients, among which only 34.48% had been given for appropriate indications. There are no reduced of frequent used in some patients. The frequency of nosocomial pneumonia was seven to eight times higher among patients treated with PPIs compared to those without PPIs. However, the role of some risk factors that may contribute the occurance of nosocomial pneumonia cannot be ruled out.;Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most widely used drugs in the world. The favorable efficacy and safety profile of these drugs has led to their over prescriptions in health care facilities. Recent data, however, has shown that the use of PPIs was associated with the increased risk of nosocomial pneumonia. Inappropriate use of intravenous PPIs has contributed to the increasing of total health cost and also decreasing the source of drugs. This retrospective, observational study was aimed to analyze the total consumption of PPIs, the total use of intravenous PPIs preparations, the appropriateness use of intravenous PPIs preparations, the appropriateness of the frequency of PPIs adminstration, and the occurance of nosocomial pneumonia related to PPIs use. Data were obtained from medical records of patients who came to Internal Medicine Ward RSCM during the period of October to Desember 2014. In this study, out of 210 patients evaluated, 166 patients (79%) used PPIs, the frequency is higher than those in hospitals in the US (40 to 70%) and in China (42%). The total consumption of PPIs was 194.31 defined daily dose (DDD)/ 100 bed-days, which is much higher compared to those in Ireland and India (56.73 and 128 DDD/ 100 bed-days). Intravenous preparations were admistered to 87.35% of patients, among which only 34.48% had been given for appropriate indications. There are no reduced of frequent used in some patients. The frequency of nosocomial pneumonia was seven to eight times higher among patients treated with PPIs compared to those without PPIs. However, the role of some risk factors that may contribute the occurance of nosocomial pneumonia cannot be ruled out., Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most widely used drugs in the world. The favorable efficacy and safety profile of these drugs has led to their over prescriptions in health care facilities. Recent data, however, has shown that the use of PPIs was associated with the increased risk of nosocomial pneumonia. Inappropriate use of intravenous PPIs has contributed to the increasing of total health cost and also decreasing the source of drugs. This retrospective, observational study was aimed to analyze the total consumption of PPIs, the total use of intravenous PPIs preparations, the appropriateness use of intravenous PPIs preparations, the appropriateness of the frequency of PPIs adminstration, and the occurance of nosocomial pneumonia related to PPIs use. Data were obtained from medical records of patients who came to Internal Medicine Ward RSCM during the period of October to Desember 2014. In this study, out of 210 patients evaluated, 166 patients (79%) used PPIs, the frequency is higher than those in hospitals in the US (40 to 70%) and in China (42%). The total consumption of PPIs was 194.31 defined daily dose (DDD)/ 100 bed-days, which is much higher compared to those in Ireland and India (56.73 and 128 DDD/ 100 bed-days). Intravenous preparations were admistered to 87.35% of patients, among which only 34.48% had been given for appropriate indications. There are no reduced of frequent used in some patients. The frequency of nosocomial pneumonia was seven to eight times higher among patients treated with PPIs compared to those without PPIs. However, the role of some risk factors that may contribute the occurance of nosocomial pneumonia cannot be ruled out.]"

"ABSTRAKAntipsikotika adalah golongan obat psikotropika yang digunakan sebagai terapi utama penatalaksanaan skizofrenia. Antipsikotika di bagi menjadi dua golongan yaitu antipsikotika generasi pertama (Tipikal) dan antipsikotika generasi kedua (atipikal). Di Indonesia, hingga saat ini sedikit penelitian yang membahas mengenai pola penggunaan obat, khususnya mengenai rasionalitas penggunaan antipsikotika sesuai indikasi pada pasien skizofrenia. Penelitian retrospektif ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis survai penggunaan antipsikotika pada pasien skizofrenia yang di rawat inap meliputi karakteristik pasien, karakteristik klinis dan rasionalitas penggunaan antipsikotika. Data di ambil dari rekam medik pasien skizofrenia yang masuk ruang rawat inap Departemen Kesehatan Jiwa RSCM periode Juli 2014 hingga Juni 2015. Pada penelitian ini, dari 113 pasien yang di analisis, terdapat sebagian besar pemberian antipsikotika pasien skizofrenia yang di rawat tidak rasional (73,4%). Multifaktorial yang menyebabkan pengobatan tidak rasional menurut analisis penelitian seperti ketidaktepatan indikasi, tidak monoterapi, kombinasi yang tidak tepat, dan terjadinya efek samping pemberian antipsikotika pada pasien tersebut. Adanya hubungan antara keluaran klinis dengan frekuensi rawat inap, lama rawat inap dengan mono atau kombinasi terapi dan rasionalitas penggunaan antipsikotika dengan jaminan kesehatan pasien.

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ABSTRACT

Antipsychotics are the class of psychotropic drugs that are used as primary therapy treatment of schizophrenia. Antipsychotics divided into two groups, first generation typical) and second generation (atypical). In Indonesian, recent data few studies discussing the patterns of drug use, especially regarding the use antipsikotika rationality as indicated in schizophrenic patients. This retrospective study aimed to analyze the survey antipsychotics use in schizophrenic patients were hospitalized include patient characteristics, clinical characteristics and rationality antipsychotics. Data were obtained from the medical records of patients with schizophrenia who came to Department of psychiatry RSCM during the period of July 2014 to June 2015. In this study, out of 113 patients evaluated, the frequency is higher treated schizophrenia patients are not rational (73.4%). Multifactorial causes irrational treatment according to the imprecision of the analysis as inaccuracies indication, not monotherapy, inaccuracies combination, and the occurrence of adverse reactions. The relationship between clinical output with a frequency of hospitalization, duration of hospitalization with mono or combination therapy and rationality antipsychotics use by healthcare patients."

"ABSTRAK Latar belakangPenanganan nyeri kanker sering kali membutuhkan opiat. Morfin merupakan gold standard pada penatalaksanaan nyeri hebat kanker, tetapi sering kali penatalaksanaan nyeri kanker tidak optimal. Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan konsumsi opiat yang sangat rendah. Adanya hubungan antara pengetahuan dokter tentang penanganan nyeri kanker dengan penggunaan opiat dapat merupakan salah satu indikator terhadap penanganan nyeri kanker. Pengetahuan penanganan nyeri kanker yang kurang menyebabkan penanganan yang tidak optimal. Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengetahuan dokter mengenai penanganan nyeri kanker dalam pemilihan opiat, cara pemberian, dosis, efek samping dan adanya adiksi, serta faktor-faktor yang menjadi penghambat pada penanganan nyeri kanker. MetodeDesain penelitian ini merupakan survei potong lintang cross sectional yang dilakukan pada dokter spesialis yang menangani nyeri kanker di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional RSUPN , Rumah Sakit Khusus Kanker, Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah RSUD di Jakarta dan salah satu rumah sakit swasta di Tangerang dalam bulan Nopember 2016 ndash; Maret 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan pertanyaan/ kuesioner yang akan diisi responden tanpa menyebutkan nama dan bersifat rahasia. Pengetahuan dianggap baik, bila nilai 70 dan kurang, bila nilai < 70 menggunakan skoring, sedangkan untuk menilai hubungan antara pengetahuan tentang penggunaan opiat dengan bidang spesialisasi dokter dianalisis dengan uji Chi-square dan hasil statistik dianalisis dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 20Hasil penelitian Dari total 146 kuesioner yang didistribusikan, didapatkan 103 kuesioner 70,5 yang direspon. Pada penelitian ini, mayoritas responden 69,9 mempunyai pengetahuan yang tidak adekuat. Rerata tertinggi didapatkan pada bagian pemilihan opiat 70,55 sedangkan rerata terendah didapatkan pada bagian efek samping opiat yaitu 47,56. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara pengetahuan dokter tentang penggunaan opiat dengan bidang spesialisasi P= 0,355 . Regulasi pemerintah merupakan penghambat utama pada penggunaan opiat, disusul dengan kurangnya pelatihan, ketersediaan obat dan pengetahuan tentang efek samping.KesimpulanPada penelitian ini, didapatkan bahwa pengetahuan dokter tentang penggunaan opiat untuk penanganan nyeri kanker terutama dalam hal pengetahuan tentang efek samping opiat masih kurang. Hasil yang cukup baik didapat pada pemilihan opiat.Kata kunci : Opiat, Penanganan nyeri kanker, Pengetahuan dokter

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ABSTRACT Backgroud Treatment of cancer pain often requires opioids. Morphine is a gold standard in the management of severe cancer pain. Ironically treatment of cancer pain is often inadequate. Indonesia is one of the countries with very low opioid consumption. The relationship between physician knowledge about cancer pain management and opioid usage is one of an indicator for cancer pain handling. Inadequate knowledge of cancer pain management causes improper handling. The purpose of this study was to find out the physician rsquo s knowledge about the management of cancer pain in choosing opioid, administration, doses, side effects, addiction and factors of opioid that barrier in pain management.MethodsThis cross sectional study was conducted in National Center General Hospital RSUPN , Cancer Center Hospital, Regional Public Hospital in Jakarta and a Private Hospital in Tangerang from November 2016 to March 2017. Inclusion criteria were medical specialist who treating cancer pain. This study used questionnaires that filled out by respondents and confidential. Score of inadequate knowledge was less than 70, and adequate knowledge 70. To assess the relationship between knowledge of opioid use with specialization analyzed by Chi square test and Fisher rsquo s exact if Chi square requirement is not fulfilled. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS version 20.Results From a total of 146 distributed questionnaires, we received 103 questionnaires 70,5 . In this study, the majority of respondents 69,9 had inadequate knowledge. The highest rate 70,55 was found in the choosing opioid section, while the lowest rate 49,5 was found in the opioid side effects section. There is no significant relationship between physician knowledge on opioid usage and specialization P 0,355 . Government regulation is major obstacle to opioid use, followed by lack of training, drug availability and knowledge of side effects ConclusionIn this study, it was found that physician knowledge on opioid usage for cancer pain management, especially in terms of knowledge about opioid side effects is still lacking. Good results are obtained in choosing opioid. Keywords Cancer pain management, Opioid, Physician knowledge."