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Abstrak :
Pandemi wabah novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) merupakan salah satu ancaman kesehatan masyarakat yang dampaknya menyebar ke berbagai sektor bernegara lainnya, seperti politik, ekonomi dan sosial budaya. Menghadapi ancaman tersebut, Pemerintah Indonesia memanfaatkan segala unsurnya dalam upaya menekan penyebaran Covid-19, diantaranya melibatkan Badan Intelijen Negara (BIN) sebagai salah satu aktor keamanan nasional. Pada prosesnya, berbagai aktifitas BIN seperti swab massal, edukasi, pengadaan alat laboratorium dan terutama keterlibatannya pada penelitian obat Covid-19 dianggap tidak sesuai dengan fungsi intelijen sebagai penyampai informasi melalui cegah dini dan deteksi dini. Berbagai kontra narasi juga mengemuka, terutama menganggap bahwa wabah Covid-19 bukan menjadi ranah intelijen, sehingga pelibatan BIN dalam penanganan wabah mematikan tersebut melahirkan adanya tumpang tindih kewenanganan (overlapping) sekaligus pengerdilan lembaga pemerintah lain yang lebih berkompeten dalam sektor kesehatan masyarakat. Melalui pendekatan konstruktivisme, hasil penelitian berupa wawancara dan studi pustaka telah diverifikasi melalui Teori Kesiapsiagaan Pandemi dan Teori Intelijen Strategis serta keterkaitannya dengan beberapa regulasi mengenai keterlibatan multisektor dalam penanganan pandemi dan kedaruratan kesehatan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa BIN mempunyai wewenang untuk menangani pandemi Covid-19 karena didukung oleh urgensi, peran dan fungsinya dalam deteksi dini, peringatan dini, pencegahan, penangkalan dan penanggulangan setiap hakikat ancaman. Namun begitu, berbagai irisan dan tumpang tindih kewenangan dengan otoritas kesehatan masyarakat, menjadikan berbagai aktifitas BIN tersebut berpotensi menghasilkan penyimpangan (bias) yang justru kontra produktif terhadap penanganan pandemi dan ancaman terhadap kesahatan masyarakat di masa depan. ......The pandemic of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) is one of the public health threats whose impact has spread to various other sectors of the country, such as politics, economy and socio-culture. Facing this threat, the Government of Indonesia is using all its elements in an effort to suppress the spread of Covid-19, including involving the State Intelligence Agency (BIN) as one of the national security actors. In the process, various BIN activities such as mass swabs, education, procurement of laboratory equipment and especially its involvement in Covid-19 drug research were deemed incompatible with the intelligence function as a transmitter of information through early prevention and early detection. Various counter-narratives have also emerged, especially considering that the Covid-19 outbreak is not the realm of intelligence, so that the involvement of BIN in handling the deadly outbreak has resulted in overlapping powers (overlapping) as well as dwarfing other government institutions that are more competent in the public health sector. Through a constructivist approach, research results in the form of interviews and literature studies have been verified through Pandemic Preparedness Theory and Strategic Intelligence Theory and their relationship to several regulations regarding multi-sectoral involvement in handling pandemics and health emergencies. The conclusion of this study shows that BIN has the authority to handle the Covid-19 pandemic because it is supported by the urgency, its role and function in early detection, early warning, prevention, deterrence and countermeasures any nature of threats. However, various slices and overlaps of authority with public health authorities have made BIN's various activities have the potential to produce biases that are actually counter-productive to handling the pandemic and threats to public health in the future.

Abstrak :
Efektifitas operasi intelijen secara langsung berkaitan dengan perilaku petugas intelijen dan tergantung pada sikap moral dan nilai mereka. Kekhususan operasi intelijen dapat menyebabkan dilema moral dalam perilaku petugas. Metode operasi lembaga intelijen mencakup elemen taktis etis dan elemen yang bertentangan dengan prinsip etika yang diterima secara umum dapat mengerdilkan nilai-nilai demokrasi dan nila-nilai mendasar yang didukung oleh negara. Penelitian ini menganalisis masalah etika yang dihadapi dalam proses menggunakan prinsip-prinsip HUMINT dan metode just intelligence dengan menggunakan studi kasus dalam penanganan gerakan Organisasi Papua Merdeka. Subyek penelitian tentang penanganan gerakan separatisme di Papua yang menganalisis etika human intelligence secara evaluatif internal masih sangat terbatas. Tesis ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisis teoritis terhadap model perilaku integral awal dari petugas intelijen berdasarkan konteks pilihan dan implikasi operasional yang dapat mendorong diskusi ilmiah tentang subjek penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelangsungan operasi intelijen di Papua memenuhi unsur legalitas dan sesuai standar prinsip Just Intelligence Model. Kendati demikian, untuk memaksimalkan penanganan ancaman Organisasi Papua Merdeka perlu dilakukan kolaborasi kemampuan Human Intelligence seluruh lintas lembaga intelijen dalam satu komando yang integratif. ......The effectiveness of intelligence operations is directly related to the behavior of intelligence officers and depends on their moral attitude and values. The specificity of intelligence operations can cause moral dilemmas in the behavior of officers. The method of operation of an intelligence agency includes ethical tactical elements and elements that are contrary to generally accepted ethical principles that can undermine democratic values ​​and fundamental values ​​supported by the state. This study analyzes the ethical problems encountered in the process of using the HUMINT principles and the just intelligence method by using case studies in handling the Free Papua Movement (OPM). Research subjects on handling separatist movements in Papua who analyze ethics of human intelligence in an internal evaluative basis are still very limited. This thesis uses a qualitative approach with a theoretical analysis of the initial integral behavioral models of intelligence officers based on the context of choice and operational implications that can encourage scientific discussion of research subjects. The results showed that the continuity of intelligence operations in Papua fulfills the element of legality and conforms to the Just Intelligence Model principles. However, to maximize the handling of the threat from Free Papua Organization, it is necessary to collaborate on the capabilities of Human Intelligence across all intelligence agencies in one integrated command.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini berangkat dari paradoks masalah pengawasan lalu lintas barang di perairan Indonesia. Satu sisi pengawasan yang berlapis menjadi upaya yang baik dalam memperkecil masuknya ancaman ke Indonesia, namun di sisi lain banyaknya pemeriksaan dari bermacam lembaga membuat pengawasan menjadi tidak efisien dari sisi waktu maupun biaya. Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai (DJBC) sebagai penjaga gerbang Indonesia memiliki peran strategis menjalankan pengawasan atas berbagai ancaman tersebut. DJBC melihat bahwa sistem data dan informasi yang terintegrasi menjadi salah satu jawaban dari pemrasalahan tersebut. Tesis ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui sejumlah data dari berbagai sumber. Analisis diawali dengan melakukan telaah sejumlah dokumen dan literatur terkait, yang dilanjutkan dengan wawancara terstruktur untuk melihat potensi dikembangkannnya sistem informasi pengawasan dengan menggunakan konsep intelijen fusion center. Adapun sejumlah teori dan konsep dalam penelitian ini, yaitu penyelundupan, bea dan cukai, intelijen strategis dan komunitas intelijen, dan fusion center. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ancaman penyelundupan pada lalu lintas barang di Indonesia berkembang menjadi semakin kompleks karena kondisi geografis terkait letak dan luasnya wilayah Indonesia. Disamping itu, terjadi pergeseran modus penyelundupan yang sangat cepat mengadaptasi kondisi lingkungan dan teknologi yang diiringi perkembangan pelaku kejahatan lintas negara terorganisir (TNOC). Dampak dari ancaman tersebut adalah Indonesia menjadi target kejahatan karena tantangan pengawasan penegak hukum mengamati tindakan kejahatan dalam perbandingan jarak dengan sarana dan prasarana yang sangat timpang. Sehingga lemahnya pengawasan penyelundupan semakin mengancam dan berisiko pada Ekonomi Indonesia khususnya pada kelancaran aktivitas Ekspor dan Impor. Untuk itu, penanggulangan yang wajib dilakukan adalah memperkuat sinergi dan mekanisme kerjasama kolektif antar lembaga terkait. Salah satu upaya memperkuat sinergi dan kerjasama kolektif ini dengan meningkatkan peran dan fungsi prediktif fusion center, mempersempit gerak penyelundup dan mengurangi ancaman dari sisi fungsi prediktif intelijen. ...... This research departs from the paradox of the problem of controlling the traffic of goods in Indonesian territory. On the one hand, multi-layered supervision is a good effort in minimizing the entry of threats to Indonesia, but on the other hand, the large number of inspections from various institutions makes supervision inefficient in terms of time and costs. The Directorate General of Customs and Excise (DJBC) as Indonesia's gatekeeper has a strategic role in supervising these various threats. DJBC sees that an integrated data and information system is one of the answers to this problem. This thesis uses a qualitative approach through a number of data from various sources. The analysis begins with a review of a number of related documents and literature, followed by structured interviews to see the potential for the development of an information control system using the intelligence fusion center concept. There are a number of theories and concepts in this research, namely smuggling, customs and excise, strategic intelligence and intelligence community, and fusion center. The results of the study show that the threat of smuggling in goods traffic in Indonesia is becoming increasingly complex due to geographical conditions related to the location and extent of Indonesia's territory. In addition, there has been a shift in the mode of smuggling which has adapted very quickly to environmental and technological conditions accompanied by the development of organized transnational crime perpetrators (TNOC). The impact of this threat is that Indonesia becomes a target for crime because of the challenge of law enforcement supervision in observing criminal acts in a comparative distance with very unequal facilities and infrastructure. So that weak supervision of smuggling threatens and risks the Indonesian economy, especially in the smooth running of export and import activities. For this reason, the countermeasures that must be carried out are strengthening synergies and collective cooperation mechanisms between related institutions. One of the efforts to strengthen synergy and collective cooperation is to increase the role and predictive function of the fusion center to narrow the movement of smugglers and reduce threats from the predictive function of intelligence

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini mengkaji kerjasama intelijen dalam merespon kehadiran non- government organization (NGO) asing, Brot Fur Die Welt (BFDW) yang beroperasi di Papua, dan beberapa wilayah lain di Indonesia. Penelitian ini berusaha untuk menganalisis program-program NGO asing BFDW dengan mitra-mitra lokalnya di Indonesia dan sejauh mana program tersebut selaras dengan pembangunan di Indonesia dan tidak membahayakan kedaulatan negara republik Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa BFDW mempunyai mitra-mitra lokal dengan tema-tema isu program pembahasan advokasi HAM, kemanusiaan, kesetaraan, peningkatan peran bagi perempuan dan lain-lain. Disamping ditemukan hasil penelitian bahwa BFDW merupakan salah satu NGO asing yang tidak mempunyai ijin prinsip maupun ijin operasional di Indonesia namun beroperasi di Indonesia melalui mitra-mitranya. TPOA (tim pengawasan orang asing) termasuk di dalamnya komunitas intelijen bersama dengan kementerian dan lembaga lain di Indonesia sudah merespon permasalahan ini. Namun, sampai hasil penelitian ini berakhir belum ada kebijakan khusus yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah sebagai bentuk tindaklanjut temuan tersebut. Hasil penelitian juga menemukan kesimpulan bahwa banyaknya NGO-NGO asing yang beroperasi di Indonesia dan tidak mendaftarkan diri ke Direktorat Jenderal Multilateral Kemenlu mengindikasikan banyaknya celah dalam UU keormasan sehingga banyak ormas asing yang memilih untuk tidak mendaftarkan diri di Kemenlu dan tetap bisa beroperasi di Indonesia. ......This research examines intelligence cooperation responding the presence of foreign Non Government Organizations BFDW (brut for the world) operating in Papua and several other regions in Indonesia. This research try to analyze the program of BFDW with it patners in Indonesia and to what extent these programs are in harmony with development in Indonesia and don?t endanger the sovereignity of the republic of Indonesia. The result of this study concluded that BFDW with its local patners has so many programs with the themes of programs issues on human rights advocacy, humanity, equality, increasing the role of women in public space. In addition research result found that BfdW does not have permission both from foreign ministry of Indonesia and from local government. TPOA (Foreign surveillance team) including intelligent community in Indonesia and intra government instution responded this issue. However until the final research done there had been no single policy carried out by government as a follow up to these findings. The results of the study also found the conclusion that the large number of foreign NGOs operating in Indonesia and not registering with the ministry of foreign aafair indicates that there are many loopholes in the law on organization. Many foreign NGOs choosed not to register themselves with the ministry of foreign affairs and they can still operated their programs throuch its local partners

Abstrak :
Dalam rangka mewujudkan sinergitas seluruh penyelenggara Intelijen Negara, Undang-Undang No 17 Tahun 2011 telah mengamanatkan Badan Intelijen Negara (BIN) sebagai koordinator Intelijen Negara, sekaligus perlunya pengawasan internal dan eksternal intelijen guna mewujudkan akuntabilitas penyelenggaraan Intelijen Negara. Sayangnya, interpretasi pengawasan eksternal intelijen masih bias dalam melihat ruang lingkup wewenang Tim Pengawas Intelijen yang terkesan membatasi diri pada operasi intelijen yang hanya dilakukan oleh Badan Intelijen Negara saja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat fungsi pengawasan oleh legislatif diimplementasikan dalam studi kasus pelibatan fungsi intelijen negara dalam operasi penegakan hukum Nemangkawi sebagai bagian dari operasi kontrainsurgensi di Papua. Pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode intrinsic case study dipilih sebagai jenis dan tipe penelitian dengan sumber primer dari Kepala Operasi Nemangkawi terkait pelaksanaan operasi Nemangkawi, dan Tim Pengawas Intelijen DPR RI untuk melihat implementasi fungsi pengawasan oleh legislatif. Sedangkan data sekunder didapatkan dari strategi studi Pustaka. Peneliti menggunakan sejumlah teori dan konsep diantaranya teori kontrainsurgensi, collaborative governance, konstruksi ideal interaksi Intelijen-Negara, dan konsep pengawasan intelijen. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa fungsi pengawasan legislatif terhadap Satgas Intelijen Nemangkawi mengalami hambatan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh karena adanya keterbatasan wewenang yang hanya melaksanakan fungsi pengawasan jika ada laporan penyimpangan fungsi intelijen dari internal BIN dan masyarakat. Padahal, masih adanya permasalahan egosektoral antar komunitas intelijen di Papua perlu menjadi perhatian serius negara. Kaburnya garis pertanggungjawaban Binda Papua dalam mengkoordinasikan penyelenggaraan intelijen negara pada Satgas Intelijen Nemangkawi menjadi permasalahan tersendiri tidak berjalannya instrumen pengawasan intelijen oleh legislatif pada studi kasus operasi intelijen yang bukan merupakan operasi intelijen yang dilakukan oleh BIN. ......In synergizing the Indonesian State Intelligence, Law No. 17 of 2011 has mandated the State Intelligence Agency (BIN) as the coordinator, as well as the need for internal and external intelligence oversight. Somehow, the scope of authority interpretated by the Indonesian Intelligence Oversight Team (Timwas) to conduct external intelligence oversight is still biased, which relevant intelligence operations are only addressed to the State Intelligence Agency’s Operation. This study aims to observe the implementation of intelligence oversight by legislatives to the intelligence operation being involved in Nemangkawi Operation as part of counterinsurgency operation in Papua. A qualitative approach was chosen as the method of analysis with primary sources derived from the relevant security actors, including intelligence personnel being involved, and the Indonesian Intelligence Oversight Team to scrutinize the implementation of the oversight. Whereas, the secondary data was obtained from the literature study. Relevant theories and concepts are being used such as the theory of counterinsurgency, collaborative governance, as well as the concept of the construction of the ideal Intelligence-State interaction. The results of the study found that the legislative oversight to the Nemangkawi Intelligence Task Force encountered obstacles due to Ad-hoc supervisory function. In fact, there are still ego-sectoral problems among intelligence community in Papua that need serious attention from the state. The blurring line of responsibility of Binda Papua's in coordinating the state intelligence involved in the Nemangkawi Operation has become another crucial problem affected to the ineffectiveness of the intelligence oversight conducted by the legislature in the case studies.