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Abstrak :
Penelitian tentang karakter morfologi 14 jenis anggrek dari 7 tribus pada anak suku Epidendroideae telah dilakukan selama 1 tahun. Penelitian bertujuan untuk melengkapi deskripsi morfologi dari 14 jenis anggrek anggota anak suku Epidendroideae yang ada pada buku anggrek dan menduga karakter kunci yang menjadi penentu jenis, marga atau tribus dari ke 14 jenis tersebut. Spesimen segar dikumpulkan dari nurseri yang ada di Jakarta, Depok, Bogor,dan Bandung sedangkan spesimen herbarium berasal dari Herbarium Bogoriense. Data karakter morfologi berupa data kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan gambar berupa foto yang diambil dengan metode pengamatan langsung. Data kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan program Microsoft Excel 2007 sehingga didapatkan kisaran ukuran, kemudian data kuantitatif dan kualitatif dibuat deskripsi. Data gambar berupa foto ditampilkan sebagai data visual. Hasil penelitian ini berupa deskripsi yang lebih lengkap dibandingkan dengan deskripsi yang telah ada pada buku anggrek dan berhasil menambahkan sebanyak 65 karakter pada jenis Grammatophyllum scriptum, 72 pada G. speciosum, 61 pada Psychopsis papilio, 97 pada P. versteegiana, 48 pada Coelogyne asperata, 50 pada C. pandurata, 101 pada Epidendrum radicans, 66 pada E. floribundum, 81 pada Agrostophyllum bicuspidatum, 89 pada A. longifolium, 50 pada Dendrobium anosmum, 60 pada D. insigne, 84 pada Rhynchostylis gigantea, dan 81 pada R. retusa. Selain itu juga didapatkan karakter yang diduga sebagai karakter kunci seperti akar pikat, dimorfisme bunga, karakter pollinia berbentuk bulat pipih dengan aperture berlekuk (cleft), penempelan pada apical, caudicle tidak terlihat, stipe bercabang bentuk huruf U, viscidium lebar, tipis, dan transparan pada marga Grammatophyllum; tipe pertumbuhan monopodial pada tribus Vandeae; rumpun pseudobulbus yang berjarak karena dipisahkan oleh rhizoma, bentuk daun saat dalam pertumbuhan convolute dan lipatan daun plicate pada marga Coelogyne; ketiadaan struktur tambahan pada pollinia atau pollinia telanjang pada marga Dendrobium. ......Research on morphological characters of 14 species of orchids in 7 tribes of subfamily Epidendroideae has been carried out. The aim of this research was to complete the morphological description of 14 orchids species from subfamily Epidendroideae in orchid books and assumed the key character of species, genus or tribes of 14 species. Plant specimens were collected from nurseries in Jakarta, Depok, Bogor,and Bandung, while the herbarium specimens originating from Herbarium Bogoriense. Morphological character data in the form of quantitative, qualitative, and images of photographs taken by the method of direct observation. Quantitative data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2007 to obtain the range of size, then quantitative and qualitative made the description. Images data displayed as visual data. The result of this research was a more complete description than the existing one in orchid books and successfully adding as many as 65 characters on the species of Grammatophyllum scriptum, 72 on G. speciosum, 61 on Psychopsis papilio, 97 on P. versteegiana, 48 on Coelogyne asperata, 50 on C. pandurata, 101 on Epidendrum radicans, 66 on E. floribundum, 81 on Agrostophyllum bicuspidatum, 89 on A. longifolium, 50 on Dendrobium anosmum, 60 on D. insigne, 84 on Rhynchostylis gigantea, and 81 on R. retusa. Furthermore, it also found character which suspected as the key character, such as “pikat” roots, dimorphism of flower, the characters flat round shaped pollinia with grooved aperture (cleft), the attachment of the apical, caudicle not prominent, stipe forked shape of the letter U, viscidium wide, thin, and transparent in the genus Grammatophyllum; monopodial type of growth on Tribe Vandeae; clumps within pseudobulbus as separated by rhizome, shape of developing leaves convolute and plicate leaf in genus Coelogyne; absence of additional structure on pollinia or pollinia naked in the genus Dendrobium.

Abstrak :
Telah dilakukan penelitian induksi kalus tangkai daun majemuk ke-3 antara anak daun ke-2 dan ke-3 (t-2.3) Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack. pada medium Murashige & Skoog (MS) 1962 modifikasi dengan konsentrasi 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) (0; 0,5; 1; 1,5; 2) mgl-1 dan Kinetin (0; 0,25; 0,5; 0,75) mgl-1. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Fisiologi Tumbuhandan Laboratorium Biologi Perkembangan, Departemen Biologi, FMIPA UI, Depok, selama 5 bulan. Kultur dipelihara selama 8 minggu, dalam ruang gelap. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa kalus hanya tumbuh pada medium dengankonsentrasi 2,4-D (0,5; 1; 1,5; 2) mgl-1 tunggal maupun dikombinasikan dengan Kinetin 0,25 mgl-1. Kalus berwarna putih, krem keputihan, krem kecokelatan, dan cokelat, serta bertekstur remah-kompak. Persentase eksplan yang membentuk kalus 10--80%, inisiasi kalus 15--24,33 hari, berat basah dan berat kering eksplan yang membentuk kalus maupun tidak, masing-masing 2,35--51,37 mg dan 0,41--3,86 mg, kategori kalus 1--4,42. Berdasarkan rekapitulasi hasil pengamatan parameter kuantitatif, perlakuan D (1,5 mgl-1 2,4-D) merupakan perlakuan terbaik untuk induksi kalus t-2.3 M. paniculata, karena memiliki peringkat tertinggi. Berdasarkan pengamatan mikroskopis, kalus diduga berasal dari jaringan korteks dan kambium.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Sweet sorghum is a kind of sorghum that contains high content of sugar in its stem. Sweet sorghum has a big potential to be developed in Indonesia owing to its wide adaptation and the fact that it can be used as raw material for liquid sugar, syrup, ethanol, and also as animal feed. Sweet sorghum has not been developed in Indonesia because of lack of a sweet sorghum variety. Improvement of available sweet sorghum genotype can be done among others through plant breeding program. First step on the plant breeding program is to increase the plant genetic variability. This might be done by introduction of varieties or by breeding to create new varieties. Induced mutation using Gamma irradiation can be used to increase the genetic variability of sweet sorghum. Mutation breeding using Gamma irradiation in sweet sorghum was aimed at improving the yield and quality of sweet sorghum. This research was conducted to study the effect of Gamma irradiation on sweet sorghum growth in the M1 generation, and to estimate the optimal dose range suitably for the breeding program. Beside, the objective of this research was to evaluate the genetic variability for the purpose of plant selection in the M2 generation. Plant materials consisted of 2 sweet sorghum lines introduced from ICRISAT namely line No. 79 and No. 83. Non-saccharin sorghum of local variety Fiigari was used as a control. The doses of Gamma irradiation treatment were 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000 Gy. The Ml plants were sown in greenhouse at PATIR-BATAN Jakarta, and then were transplanted in the experimental field at Balitbiogen, Bogor. The M2 plants were grown in the experimental field at Lubang Buaya, Jakarta. Important agronomic traits such as plant height, spike length, stem diameter, and grain weight/spike were observed. The results indicated that sorghum lines gave different response to Gamma irradiation, and all measured variables were significantly affected. Irradiation gave morphology and physiology damages on sorghum like abnormality, sterility, and lethality in the Ml generation. The increase of irradiation doses increased physiological damage. Effective doses of Gamma irradiation for sweet sorghum was to be around 400-500 Gy, and the lethal doses 50% of sweet sorghum was around 800-1000 Gy. Putative mutation sometimes could be observed in the M2 generation. The treatment of Gamma increased genetic variability of plant height, spike length, stem diameter, and grain weight/spike. The highest genetic variability was found in the dose treatment of 200-300 Gy. Within this interval dose, there might be high probability to find desirable mutants for further breeding purpose. A number of 38 plants had been selected from the M2 population as putative mutants.

Abstrak :
Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui respons eksplan potongan daun Dendrobium antennatum Lindl. terhadap perlakuan 1 (1 mgl-1 TDZ), perlakuan 2 (1,5 mgl-1 TDZ dan 7,5 mgl-1 BAP), perlakuan 3 (2 mgl-1 TDZ dan 7,5 mgl-1 BAP), perlakuan 4 (1,5 mgl-1 TDZ dan 10 mgl-1 BAP), dan perlakuan 5 (2 mgl-1 TDZ dan 10 mgl-1 BAP) dalam menginduksi tunas. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium Khansa Orchids Cimanggis Depok (september 2007--April 2008). Dua puluh lima potong daun dikultur pada 1 botol sampel perlakuan. Data yang diperoleh dari penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa setiap perlakuan yang diberikan cenderung menghasilkan respons pembentukan protocorm like bodies (plb) dan tunas pada eksplan. Data tersebut juga menunjukan bahwa pada perlakuan 2, 3, dan 4 terdapat sinergisme antara TDZ dan BAP, sedangkan perlakuan 5 tidak menunjukkan adanya sinergisme. Perlakuan 3 (2 mgl-1 TDZ dan 7,5 mgl-1 BAP) cenderung menghasilkan jumlah plb dan tunas terbanyak (49,1 ± 44,7 per botol), dibandingkan dengan perlakuan yang lain. Eksplan mengawali respons induksi tunas dengan membengkak, dan kemudian membentuk plb atau tunas.