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"Latar belakang: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas pemberian ajuvan fentanyl atau sufentanil intratekal mencegah menggigil pada wanita hamil yang menjalani seksio sesarea dengan anestesia spinal.Metode: Uji klinis acak tersamar ganda dilakukan pada wanita hamil yang menjalani seksio sesarea dengan anestesia spinal. Pasien dibagi dalam dua kelompok. Kelompok I, diberikan ajuvan fentanyl 25 mcg pada 10 mg bupivacain hiperbarik 0,5%. Kelompok II, diberikan ajuvan sufentanil 2,5 mcg pada 10 mg bupivacain hiperbarik 0,5%. Dilakukan pengamatan derajat menggigil, pemgukuran suhu membran timpani, parameter hemodinamik setiap interval 5 menit sampai 120 menit.Hasil: Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 188 pasien. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik (p<0,05) dalam insiden menggigil pada kedua kelompok. Kelompok I terdapat insiden menggigil 26,6%. Kelompok II terdapat insiden menggigil 12,8%.Kesimpulan: Penambahan sufentanil 2,5 mcg intratekal pada anestesia spinal menggunakan bupivakain hiperbarik 0,5% 10 mg lebih efektif menurunkan insiden menggigil dibandingkan dengan penambahan fentanyl 25 mcg intratekal pada wanita hamil yang menjalani seksio sesarea dengan anestesia spinal.

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Background: The aim of this study is to know the effectiveness fentanyl 25 mcg or sufentanil 2,5 mcg intrathecal to prevent incidence of shivering in pregnant women who undergoing cesarean section with spinal anesthesia.

Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, pregnant women undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups. In group I, 10 mg of 0,5% hyperbaric bupivacaine combined with fentanyl 25 mcg were administered. In group II, 10 mg of 0,5% hyperbaric bupivacaine combined with sufentanil 2,5 mcg were administered. The degree of shivering were observed, tympanic temperature, hemodynamic parameter were recorded at 5 minutes interval until 120 minutes.

Results: The sample consisted of 188 patients. There was significant difference (p<0,05) incidence of shivering between two groups. In group I, the incidence of shivering was 26,6% and in groups II was 12,8%.

Conclusions: The addition of 2,5 mcg sufentanil in 10 mg of 0,5% hyperbaric bupivacain intratechally was more effective reduce the incidence of shivering than 25 mcg fentanyl in 10 mg of 0,5% hyperbaric bupivacain in pregnant women who undergoing cesarean section with spinal anesthesia."

"LATAR BELAKANG : Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) adalah salah satu terapi batu ginjal dan batu ureter yang minimal-invasif. Di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo anestesia spinal merupakan pilihan anestesia utama untuk PCNL, namun regimen anestesia spinal yang digunakan masih bervariasi, dan kejadian hipotensi masih cukup besar. Penelitian ini membandingkan angka kejadian hipotensi pada PCNL dengan anestesia spinal antara dua regimen, yaitu bupivakain 0,5% hiperbarik 12,5 mg ditambah fentanil 25 mcg dan bupivakain 0,5% hiperbarik 15 mg ditambah fentanil 25 mcg. METODOLOGI: Dua puluh dua pasien PCNL dewasa, ASA I-III, tanpa kelainan kardiovaskuler, dirandomisasi menjadi kelompok I yang mendapat bupivakain 0,5% hiperbarik 12,5 mg ditambah fentanil 25 mcg dan kelompok II yang mendapat bupivakain 0,5% hiperbarik 15 mg ditambah fentanil 25 mcg. Anestesia spinal dilakukan dalam posisi duduk, pungsi di L3-4/L4-5, kemudian pasien telentang lalu derajat blok sensorik dan motorik dinilai. Sebelum pasien pasien diposisikan prone, derajat blok sensorik dan motorik dinilai lagi. Tekanan darah diperiksa pada menit ke-3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, dan 60 setelah injeksi obat spinal. HASIL: Angka kejadian hipotensi pada kelompok I adalah 33% sedangkan pada kelompok II 60% (p=0,391). Tidak terdapat perbedaan profil blok sensorik dan motorik pada kedua kelompok. Satu pasien di kelompok II memerlukan tambahan fentanil intravena 100 mcg pada menit ke-70. SIMPULAN : Angka kejadian hipotensi pada kedua kelompok subyek penelitian tidak berbeda bermakna.

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BACKGROUND: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a minimally-invasive therapy for treatment of upper ureteral and renal stones. In Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, spinal anesthesia is the major option of anesthesia for PCNL, but spinal anesthesia regimens used are still varied, and the incidence of hypotension is still quite large. This study compared the incidence of hypotension in the PCNL with spinal anesthesia between the two regimens, 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 12.5 mg plus fentanyl 25 mcg versus 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 15 mg plus fentanyl 25 mcg.

METHODOLOGY: Twenty-two adult PCNL patients, ASA I-III, without cardiovascular abnormalities, were randomized into group I, which received 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 12.5 mg plus fentanyl 25 mcg and group II received 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 15 mg plus fentanyl 25 mcg. Spinal anesthesia performed in sitting position, puncture in L3-4/L4-5, then the patient were positioned supine and the degree of sensory and motor block were assessed. Before the patient were positioned prone, the degree of sensory and motor block were assessed again. Blood pressure checked at minute 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 after injection of spinal regiments.

RESULTS: The incidence of hypotension in group I was 33% and in group II was 60% (p = 0.391). There were no differences in sensory and motor block profiles in both groups. One patient in group II requires additional intravenous fentanyl 100 mcg in the 70th minute.

CONCLUSION: The incidence of hypotension in both groups of study subjects did not differ significantly."

"Salah satu komplikasi pascabedah yang sering dialami pasien geriatri adalah delirium. Insiden delirium pascabedah sangat beragam berkisar 3,6-28,3% dari seluruh pembedahan elektif. Delirium pascabedah berkaitan erat dengan komorbiditas, mortalitas dan peningkatan biaya serta lama perawatan di Rumah Sakit, oleh karena itu pencegahan terhadap kejadian delirum merupakan hal yang penting. Tekanan darah yang rendah dapat menyebabkan hipoperfusi area korteks dan subkorteks serebral. Keadaan ini diduga dapat menyebabkan terjadinya delirium. Adanya abnormalitas perfusi lobus frontal dan parietal otak juga diduga berhubungan erat dengan timbulnya delirium. Masih terdapat kontroversi terhadap pengaruh dari hipotensi intrabedah terhadap kejadian delirium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara hipotensi intrabedah terhadap kejadian delirium pascabedah pada pasien geriatri.Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kohort prospektif terhadap 134 subjek penelitian selama Januari-April 2022 yang dialokasikan ke dalam kelompok dengan hipotensi (n=67) dan tanpa hipotensi (n=67) dikaji dari nilai tekanan darah, durasi hipotensi, dan pemberian topangan kardiovaskular. Penelitian menggunakan uji fungsi kognitif berupa CAM (Confusion Assesment Method) yang dilakukan 24 jam pascabedah.Hasil : Pada penelitian ini didapatkan proporsi kejadian delirium pascabedah  dikaji dari nilai tekanan darah (Tekanan darah sistolik <90 mmHg dan Tekanan darah rerata <65 mmHg), durasi, dan pemberian topangan kardiovaskular bermakna secara statistik (p <0.05). Insidens kejadian delirium pascabedah pada pasien geriatri adalah 36.5%.Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan antara hipotensi intrabedah terhadap kejadian delirium pascabedah pada pasien geriatri dikaji dari nilai tekanan darah, durasi, dan pemberian topangan kardiovaskular.

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One of the postoperative complications that are often experienced by geriatric patients is delirium. The incidence of postoperative delirium varies widely, ranging from 3.6 to 28.3% of all elective surgeries. Postoperative delirium is closely related to comorbidities, mortality and increased costs and length of hospital stay, therefore prevention of delirium is important. Low blood pressure can cause hypoperfusion of the cerebral cortex and subcortical areas. This situation is thought to cause delirium. The presence of perfusion abnormalities of the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain is also thought to be closely related to the onset of delirium. There is still controversy about the effect of intraoperative hypotension on the incidence of delirium. This study aims to determine the relationship between intraoperative hypotension and the incidence of postoperative delirium in geriatric patients.

Methods : This study is a prospective cohort study of 134 study subjects during January-April 2022 who were allocated to groups with hypotension (n=67) and without hypotension (n=67) assessed from the value of blood pressure, duration of hypotension, and cardiovascular support. The study used a cognitive function test in the form of CAM (Confusion Assessment Method) which was carried out 24 hours after surgery.

Results : In this study, the proportion of postoperative delirium incidence was assessed from the value of blood pressure (systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg and mean blood pressure <65 mmHg), duration, and the provision of cardiovascular support was statistically significant (p <0.05). The incidence of postoperative delirium in geriatric patients is 36.5%.

Conclusion : There is a relationship between intraoperative hypotension and the incidence of postoperative delirium in geriatric patients assessed from the value of blood pressure, duration, and the provision of cardiovascular support."

"[Latar Belakang: Posisi pasien selama tindakan anestesia spinal menentukan keberhasilan penempatan jarum spinal. Traditional sitting position (TSP) merupakan posisi standar untuk anestesia spinal, namun angka keberhasilannya masih cukup rendah. Crossed leg sitting position (CLSP) merupakan salah satu posisi alternatif dalam anestesia spinal yang memiliki kelebihan berupa derajat fleksi lumbal yang lebih besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan CLSP dan TSP terhadap keberhasilan penempatan jarum spinal pada pasien bedah urologi. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah uji klinik acak tidak tersamar terhadap pasien yang menjalani anestesia spinal untuk prosedur urologi pada bulan Maret-April 2015 di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Setelah mendapatkan persetujuan izin etik dari Komite Etik Penelitian Kesehatan FKUI-RSCM, sebanyak 138 subjek dialokasikan ke dalam dua kelompok posisi penusukan jarum spinal yaitu kelompok CLSP dan TSP. Proporsi keberhasilan penempatan jarum spinal di rongga subarakhnoid, kemudahan perabaan landmark, dan jumlah needle-bone contact pada kedua kelompok kemudian dinilai.Hasil: Enam subjek masuk kriteria pengeluaran berupa kegagalan penempatan jarum spinal setelah lebih dari sembilan kali percobaan. Tersisa 132 subjek, 67 subjek pada kelompok CLSP dan 65 subjek pada kelompok TSP, yang berhasil menyelesaikan penelitian. Keberhasilan penempatan jarum spinal secara one shot pada kelompok CLSP dan TSP tidak berbeda bermakna (64.2% vs 53.8%, p=0.227). Kemudahan perabaan landmark pada kelompok CLSP berbeda bermakna dengan TSP (94% vs 75%, p=0.003). Jumlah needle-bone contact pada kedua kelompok tidak berbeda bermakna (p=0.337). Simpulan: Keberhasilan penempatan jarum spinal pada kelompok CLSP tidak berbeda bermakna dibandingkan dengan keberhasilan penempatan jarum spinal pada kelompok TSP pada pasien bedah urologi.;Background: Patient position during spinal anesthesia plays a major role in determining the success of spinal needle insertion to subarachnoid space. Traditional sitting position (TSP) is a standard position for spinal anesthesia, but the success rate for spinal anesthesia in TSP is still quite low. Crossed leg sitting position (CLSP) is one of the alternative positions in spinal anesthesia, which can increase the degree of lumbar flexion. This study aimed to compare CLSP and TSP to the successful insertion of spinal needle in urologic surgery patients.Methods: This study was a non-blinded randomized controlled trial in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia for urologic procedures between March-April 2015 in RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. After obtaining approval from FKUI-RSCM Ethical Committee, 138 subjects were allocated into two groups, CLSP group and TSP group. The proportion of successful spinal needle insertion to the subarachnoid space, ease of landmark palpation, and the number of needle-bone contact in both groups were then analyzed and assessed.Result: Six subjects met dropout criteria, which was failure of obtaining successful spinal needle insertion after nine consecutive redirections. The remaining 132 subjects, 67 subjects in the CLSP group and 65 subjects in TSP group, successfully completed the study. The proportion of successful spinal needle insertion in a one-time shot, was not significantly different between CLSP and TSP group (64.2% vs. 53.8%, p = 0227). Ease of landmark palpation in CLSP group was significantly different with TSP group (94% vs. 75%, p = 0.003). The number of needle-bone contact in both groups was not significantly different (p = 0337).Conclusion: The proportion of successful spinal needle insertion in CLSP group was not significantly different compared to TSP group for urologic surgery patients.;Background: Patient position during spinal anesthesia plays a major role in determining the success of spinal needle insertion to subarachnoid space. Traditional sitting position (TSP) is a standard position for spinal anesthesia, but the success rate for spinal anesthesia in TSP is still quite low. Crossed leg sitting position (CLSP) is one of the alternative positions in spinal anesthesia, which can increase the degree of lumbar flexion. This study aimed to compare CLSP and TSP to the successful insertion of spinal needle in urologic surgery patients.Methods: This study was a non-blinded randomized controlled trial in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia for urologic procedures between March-April 2015 in RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. After obtaining approval from FKUI-RSCM Ethical Committee, 138 subjects were allocated into two groups, CLSP group and TSP group. The proportion of successful spinal needle insertion to the subarachnoid space, ease of landmark palpation, and the number of needle-bone contact in both groups were then analyzed and assessed.Result: Six subjects met dropout criteria, which was failure of obtaining successful spinal needle insertion after nine consecutive redirections. The remaining 132 subjects, 67 subjects in the CLSP group and 65 subjects in TSP group, successfully completed the study. The proportion of successful spinal needle insertion in a one-time shot, was not significantly different between CLSP and TSP group (64.2% vs. 53.8%, p = 0227). Ease of landmark palpation in CLSP group was significantly different with TSP group (94% vs. 75%, p = 0.003). The number of needle-bone contact in both groups was not significantly different (p = 0337).Conclusion: The proportion of successful spinal needle insertion in CLSP group was not significantly different compared to TSP group for urologic surgery patients., Background: Patient position during spinal anesthesia plays a major role in determining the success of spinal needle insertion to subarachnoid space. Traditional sitting position (TSP) is a standard position for spinal anesthesia, but the success rate for spinal anesthesia in TSP is still quite low. Crossed leg sitting position (CLSP) is one of the alternative positions in spinal anesthesia, which can increase the degree of lumbar flexion. This study aimed to compare CLSP and TSP to the successful insertion of spinal needle in urologic surgery patients.Methods: This study was a non-blinded randomized controlled trial in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia for urologic procedures between March-April 2015 in RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. After obtaining approval from FKUI-RSCM Ethical Committee, 138 subjects were allocated into two groups, CLSP group and TSP group. The proportion of successful spinal needle insertion to the subarachnoid space, ease of landmark palpation, and the number of needle-bone contact in both groups were then analyzed and assessed.Result: Six subjects met dropout criteria, which was failure of obtaining successful spinal needle insertion after nine consecutive redirections. The remaining 132 subjects, 67 subjects in the CLSP group and 65 subjects in TSP group, successfully completed the study. The proportion of successful spinal needle insertion in a one-time shot, was not significantly different between CLSP and TSP group (64.2% vs. 53.8%, p = 0227). Ease of landmark palpation in CLSP group was significantly different with TSP group (94% vs. 75%, p = 0.003). The number of needle-bone contact in both groups was not significantly different (p = 0337).Conclusion: The proportion of successful spinal needle insertion in CLSP group was not significantly different compared to TSP group for urologic surgery patients.]"

"ABSTRAKTitle : Comparison on the effectiveness of the insersion of i-gel based onthe ear size and body weight in children 1-11 years old in CiptoMangunkusumo HospitalObjective To compare the effectiveness of i-gel insertion in children aged 1-11 years based on the ear size and body weight.Study design 104 subjects were included in the inclution criteria forrandomization.. Patients was given midazolam for premedication0,01-0,02 mg / kg as needed. Patients who has no prior venousaccess were induced with sevoflurane 8%, 50% oxygen fractioncombined with air, and patient who has venous access inductionwas done with propofol 2-2.5 mg / kg, then continue administering100% oxygen. Ear measurement by ruler measurement vertically,from the top to the bottom and horizontally from the tragus to theouter portion of the ear. Anesthesia continue by administration offentanyl 2 mcg / kg, and atracurium 0.5 mg / kg. After 3 minutesinsertion i-gel was performed. Data of seal pressure, the number ofthe insertion attemp, post-discharge complications of blood stainsand sore throat 24 hours after surgery were obtained.Results This research was followed by 104 children aged 1-11 years withgeneral anesthesia using i-gel. There were no differences indemographics between the two groups The statistical results werep> 0.05 for each variable seal pressure criteria, the number ofinsertion attempts, complications of blood stains and sore throat.Conclusion Insertion of i-gel based on the ear size has an equal effectivenesswith body weight

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ABSTRACTJudul : Perbandingan keefektifan pemasangan i-gel berdasarkan ukurandaun telinga dengan berat badan pada anak 1-11 tahun di RumahSakit Cipto Mangunkusumo JakartaTujuan Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingankeefektifan pemasangan i-gel pada anak usia 1-11 tahun yangpemilihan ukurannya didasarkan kepada ukuran daun telingadengan ukuran berat badan.Metode 104 subjek yang masuk dalam kriteria inklusi dilakukanrandomisasi. Pasien diberikan premedikasi midazolam 0,01-0,02mg/kgBB sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Pasien yang tidak terpasangakses vena dilakukan induksi dengan gas sevofluran 8%, fraksioksigen 50 % kombinasi dengan air, pada pasien yang sudahterpasang akses vena induksi dengan propofol 2-2,5 mg/kgBB dandilajutkan dengan pemberian oksigen 100%. Pengukuran dauntelinga menggunakan penggaris secara vertikal, dari bagian teratassampai dengan terbawah dan horizontal dari tragus sampai denganbagian terluar daun telinga. Anestesi dilanjutkan dengan pemberianfentanyl 2 mcg/kgBB dan atrakurium 0,5 mg/kgBB. Setelah 3menit dilakukan insersi i-gel. Dinilai seal pressure, jumlah upayapemasangan, komplikasi noda darah pasca pelepasan dan nyeritenggorok 24 jam pasca operasi.Hasil Penelitian ini diikuti oleh 104 anak usia 1-11 tahun dengan anestesiumum menggunakan i-gel. Secara demografi tidak terdapatperbedaan diantara kedua kelompok. Hasil penelitian didapatkanp>0,05 pada masing-masing uji statistik untuk kriteria sealpressure, jumlah upaya pemasangan, komplikasi noda darah dannyeri tenggorok.Kesimpulan Pemasangan i -gel berdasarkan ukuran daun tel inga samaefekt ifnya dengan berat badan"

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang : Pemasangan kateter vena sentral (CVC) merupakan suatutindakan yang cukup rutin dilakukan dalam lingkungan perawatan intensifmaupun peri-operatif. Diperlukan suatu metode atau rumus sederhana dan akuratuntuk memperkirakan kedalaman kateter CVC yang tepat.Tujuan : Mengevaluasi posisi dan kedalaman kateter vena sentral denganmenggunakan rumus Peres ([tinggi badan/10]-2) dan pengukuran topografianatomi, serta menilai insiden malposisi pada pemasangan CVC.Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional analitik. Lima puluhpasien yang menjalani pemasangan kateter vena sentral (CVC) dengan pendekatanvena subklavia kanan dibagi ke dalam 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok Rumus Peres([tinggi badan/10]-2) dan kelompok Pengukuran Topografi Anatomi. Hasilperhitungan prediksi dipakai untuk menentukan batas fiksasi kulit. KedalamanCVC dievaluasi dengan mengukur jarak antara ujung distal kateter CVC dengankarina pada radiografi dada. Hasil pengukuran tersebut dianalisis dengan ujistatistik Bland Altman.Hasil : Karakteristik pada kedua kelompok adalah sama. Dari uji statistikdidapatkan pada kelompok Rumus Peres rerata jarak antara karina dengan ujungdistal kateter CVC adalah sebesar 1,5 cm dibawah karina (IC 95% 1,2 sampai 1,9cm) limit agreement 0,0 sampai 3,0 cm, sedangkan rerata jarak pada kelompokpengukuran topografi anatomi sebesar 0,85 cm (IC 95% 0,5 sampai 1,1 cm) limitof agreement -0,5 sampai 2,2 cm. Pada penelitian ini insiden malposisi ditemukansama pada kedua kelompok (masing-masing 3 insiden).Simpulan : Rumus Peres dan Pengukuran Topografi Anatomi tidak tepat dalammemprediksi kedalaman kateter CVC pada orang Indonesia.Kata kunci. Kateter vena sentral (CVC), subklavia kanan, metode prediksi,rumus Peres, topografi anatomi.

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ABSTRACTBackground: The central venous catheter (CVC) insertion is a routine in eitherintensive care or perioperatively circumstances. Simple and accuracy method orrule are needed to predict the optimum depth of Aim : Evaluating the position and depth of central venous catheters by using theformula Peres ([height / 10] -2) and Landmark measurement, as well as assessingthe incidence of malposition of the installation of CVCMethod: This research is an analytic observational study. Fifty patientsundergoing central venous catheter (CVC) with the right subclavian veinapproach is divided into two groups: Formula Peres ([height / 10] -2) andAnatomy Topography Measurement group. The results of the calculations used todetermine the boundary prediction skin fixation. CVC depth was evaluated bymeasuring the distance between the distal end of the catheter CVC with karina onchest radiographs. The measurement results were analyzed by statistical testsBland Altman.Result: The patients characteristic are equal in both groups. In Peres Group wefound that the mean of the distal CVC is 1,5 (0,82) cm under carina (IC 95% 1,2to 1,9 cm), with the limit of agreement 0,0 cm to 3,0 cm, and the means oflandmark groups is 0,85 (0,73) cm (IC 95% 0,5 to 1,1 cm) with limit of agreement -0.5 cm to 2,2 cm. The incidence of malposition was found similar in both groups.Conclusion: The result shows that both prediction methods are not accurate topredict the depth of CVC insertion in Indonesian people.Keywords: Central venous catheter (CVC), right subclavian, prediction methods,Pere?s formula, landmarks."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang. Salah satu cara untuk mengurangi nyeri saat penyuntikan dalam prosedur medis adalah dengan pemberian anestesia. Krim EMLA sering digunakan untuk anestetik lokal pada penyuntikan spinal, tetapi memiliki onset kerja yang cukup lama sehingga kurang cocok untuk pasien rawat jalan. Vapocoolant spray yang berisi etil klorida memiliki berbagai keuntungan yaitu onsetnya yang cepat, aman, biaya rendah, dan banyak tersedia sehingga cocok digunakan sebagai anestesia pada pasien one-day care. Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui efektifitas vapocoolant spray dan krim EMLA dalam menurunkan nyeri pada tindakan anestesia spinal. Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain uji eksperimental klinis pada 94 pasien dengan 47 pasien pada masing-masing kelompok EMLA dan vapocoolant spray. Efektifitas anestesia dinilai dengan skala nyeri VAS dan gerakan pasien. Hasil. Dengan menggunakan anestesia, skala nyeri yang diperoleh yaitu VAS 0 0-3 untuk kelompok EMLA dan VAS 0 0-4 untuk kelompok vapocoolant spray. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada kedua kelompok untuk data skala nyeri menurut uji Mann-Whitney. Untuk gerakan pasien, pergerakan saat penyuntikan hanya terjadi pada satu 2,1 pasien pada kelompok EMLA dan satu 2,1 pasien pada kelompok vapocoolant spray. Berdasarkan uji Fisher, tidak ditemukan perbedaan bermakna untuk gerakan pasien antara kedua zat anestetik tersebut. Kesimpulan. Tidak ditemukan perbedaan skala nyeri VAS dan gerakan pasien antara kelompok krim EMLA dan vapocoolant spray pada tindakan anestesia spinal pada pasien one-day care. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai penggunaan vapocoolant spray dalam berbagai prosedur dan praktik klinik kedokteran.

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ABSTRACTBackground. One way to reduce pain during injection in medical procedures is by administering anesthesia. EMLA cream is often used for local anesthesia in spinal injections, but it has long onset of action so less suitable for outpatients. Vapocoolant spray containing ethyl chloride has numerous advantages, such as fast onset, safe, low cost, and widely available, so suitable as local anesthetic for one day care patients. This study aimed to find the effectiveness of vapocoolant spray and EMLA in reducing pain for local anesthesia procedure. Method. This study used an experimental design on 94 patients which 47 patients in each group were treated with EMLA and vapocoolant spray consecutively. Effectiveness of anesthesia was assessed by VAS pain scale and patient movement. Results. By using anesthesia, pain scale obtained were VAS 0 0 3 for EMLA group and VAS 0 0 4 for vapocoolant spray group. There was no significant difference between two groups for pain scale according to Mann Whitney test. For patient movement, the movement was reported only in one 2.1 patient in EMLA group and one 2.1 patient in vapocoolant spray group. Based on Fisher 39 s test, there was no significant differences between the two group for movement. Conclusions. There were no differences in VAS pain scale and patient movement between EMLA cream and vapocoolant spray for spinal anesthesia in one day care patients. Further research is needed for the use of vapocoolant spray in various medical procedures and clinical practice."

"Hipotensi merupakan masalah yang sermg di jumpai pada tindakan analgesia blok. Subarak.hnmd ( SAB ) untuk bedah seksio sesari. Penelitian acak. terbuka ini meneliti keefektifan elevasi tungkat 30° untuk mengurangi kekerapan hipotenst pada analgesia SAB untuk bedah seksaria sesama pembanding yang digunakan adalah tidakan yang sudah terbukti efektif mengurangi kekerapan hipotensi pada analgesia SAB untuk bedah seksio sesaria yaitu pemberian laktatintravena 20 mll/kg bb saat penyuntikan spmal ( coload).Seratus enampuluh satu pasien yang menjalani bedah seksio sesaria dikelompokkan secara acak menjadi kelompok yang tungkainya dielevasikan 30° (kelompok. elevast) dan kelompok yang diberikan cairan laktat 20 ml/kg bb yang diberikan saat penyuntikan (kelompok load). Kejadian hipotensi (25% bandmg 39% p = 0 510) penggunaan efedrin ( medran 0 [0 30] bandmg 0 [030] p = 0 381) mlat APGAR menit pertama ( median 9 [4 9] bandmh 9 [6 9] p = 0 908) dan menit kelima (median 10 [6 10] bandmh, 10 [8 10] p= 0 -+1-+) tidak berbeda antara kelompok elevas1 dan kelompok coloid.Kesimpulannya adalah devast tungkai sama efektifnya dengan pemberian laktat 20 ml/kg bb untuk mengurangi hitpotensi pada tindakan analgesia blok subarakhanoid bedah seksio sesaria.

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Hypotension Is the most common problem following subarachnoid block analgesia for cesarean section. In this study we tested the hypothesis that 30° leg elevation (elevation group) following subarachnoid block analgesia cesarean section would reduce the incidence of hypotension. In this study we used coloadmg lactated ranger's solution 20 m/kg BW intravenously given dunng spinal injection (coload group) as comparison.

We conducted an open randomuzed trial study m 161 patients would undergo cesarean section. Patients divided into leg elevation and coload group. Both groups had no difference in hypotension mdctence (25% m leg elevation group and 39% m coload group p = 0 51 0) ephedi in dose requirement (median 0 [ 0 10 ] compared with 0 [ 010 l p = 0 381) Apgar's score in first minute ( median 9 [ 4 9 ] compared With 9 [ 6 9 ] p = 0 908 ) and fifth minute( median I0 r6 I0 ] compared with I0 [ 8 I0 ] p= 0 4 14).

The conclusion that 30° leg elevation is as effective as coloading lactated ringer 20 ml/kg Bw intreavenously given during, spinal injection to decrease hypotenston mcdence tollowing subarachnoid block analgesia for cesarean section."

"Latar belakang. Emergence Delirium (ED) merupakan stadium dari disosiasi kesadaran pasca pembiusan dengan gejala khas berupa gelisah,mengamuk,tidak dapat dibujuk dan inkoherensi. Angka kejadian ED pada anak yang menjalani pembiusan umum di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo 39,7%. Saat pulih stimulus auditorik menyebabkan sinaps talamus di Lateral amigdala sehingga menimbulkan respons takut berlebihan yang merupakan salah satu faktor terjadinya ED. Kebisingan di kamar operasi yang tinggi dapat dikurangi dengan penggunaan ear plug. Metode. Penelitian uji klinik acak tersamar ganda terhadap anak usia 1-5 tahun yang menjalani anestesia umum inhalasi di RSCM pada bulan September-Desember 2018. Sebanyak 107 subjek didapatkan dengan metode konsekutif yang dirandomisasi menjadi dua kelompok. Kelompok earplug (n=53) dilakukan pemasangan ear plug di akhir anestesia, sedangkan kontrol (n=54) tidak dilakukan pemasangan ear plug. Kejadian ED, waktu ekstubasi dicatat. ED dinilai dengan Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED). Analisis data menggunakan analisa multivariate regresi logistik dan analisa ANCOVA. Hasil. Kejadian ED pada kelompok ear plug sebesar 16,7% sedangkan kontrol 32,1% (OR = 0,402; IK 95% 0,152-1,062; p=0,066). Rerata waktu ekstubasi kelompok ear plug vs kontrol (5,76+3,23 menit) vs (6,54+ 3,67 menit) selisih rerata 0,825(0,530-2,180); p=0,230. Simpulan. Pemberian ear plug di akhir anestesia secara statistik tidak efektif namun secara klinis efektif menurunkan kejadian ED pasien anak yang menjalani anestesia umum inhalasi.

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Background. Emergence Delirium (ED) is classified as a transient postoperative disassociation state with characteristic such as agitation, irritable, umcompromising, uncooperatative, inconsolably crying. The incidence of ED in pediatric patients who underwent general anesthesia in RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo was 39,7%. During emergence state, auditoric stimulation induce Thalamic synaps in Lateral amigdala which leads to over respons of fearness (one of the risk factor of ED). A high noise level in operating room can be reduced with ear plug application to the patient.

Method. A double blind randomized clinical trial towards 1-5 years old pediatrics patients who underwent inhalation general anesthesia in RSCM from September-December 2018. One hundred and seven subjects were randomized after a consecutive sampling into two groups. Earplug group (n=53) with application of ear plug at the end of surgery, while in control group (n=54) without application of ear plug. The incidence of ED and time to extubation were recorded. ED was measured using Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED). All the data was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression and ANCOVA.

Result. Incidence of ED in ear plug group was 16.7% while in control group was 32.1% (OR = 0.402; CI 95% 0.152-1.062; p=0.066). Mean value of time to extubation in ear plug vs control group (5.76+3.23 minutes) vs (6.54+ 3.67 minutes) with mean difference of 0.825(0.530-2.180); p=0.230.

Conclusion. Ear plug application at the end of anesthesia was not statistically effective. However, it was clinically effective in reducing the incidence of ED in pediatric patient underwent inhalation anesthesia."

"ABSTRAKPendahuluan Di RSCM algoritme penanganan pasien trauma belum ada. Waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk penanganan pasien trauma juga tidak pernah tercatat dengan baik. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui rerata waktu penanganan pasien trauma di ruang resusitasi RSCM. Selain itu, mortalitas akibat trauma juga dicatat.Metode Semua pasien trauma yang masuk ke ruang resusitasi RSCM pada bulan Juni-November 2012 diikutsertakan. Waktu yang dibutuhkan mulai dari pasien masuk ruang resusitasi sampai primary survey dan tindakan diagnosis yang dibutuhkan serta waktu sampai pasien keluar dari ruang resusitasi baik ke kamar operasi maupun ke ruang rawat juga dicatat. Mortalitas yang terjadi di rumah sakit pasca trauma juga dicatat.Hasil Selama periode penelitian tercatat ada 41 pasien trauma yang masuk ke ruang resusitasi RSCM. Rerata waktu yang dibutuhkan mulai dari pasien masuk ruang resusitasi sampai primary survey selesai dikerjakan adalah 10(5-60) menit; sampai hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium didapatkan adalah 55(5-185) menit; sampai hasil pemeriksaan rontgen didapatkan adalah 30(15-210) menit; sampai hasil pemeriksaan USG didapatkan adalah 12,5(5-30) menit; sampai hasil pemeriksaan CT-scan didapatkan adalah 75(15-360) menit. Rerata waktu yang dibutuhkan mulai dari pasien masuk ruang resusitasi sampai dikirim ke kamar operasi adalah 222,5(25-660) menit; sampai dikirim ke ruang rawat tanpa melalui operasi adalah 1440(170-1440) menit. Mortalitas yang terjadi di rumah sakit pasca trauma adalah 41,4%.Kesimpulan Rerata waktu penanganan pasien trauma di ruang resusitasi RSCM, baik untuk tindakan diagnostik maupun operasi emergensi masih lebih dari 60 menit. Mortalitas pasien pasca trauma 41,4%. Dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antara waktu penanganan pasien dengan mortalitas pasien.

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ABSTRACTIntroduction In Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital trauma algorithm is not available yet. The time spent to manage trauma patients in the resuscitation room also hasn’t been recorded very well. Aim of this study is to analyze how much time needed in the resuscitation room to manage trauma patients. The mortality follow is also recorded.Methods All consecutive trauma patients who went to the resuscitation room during June to November 2012 are included. The time spent between admission to the resuscitation room until primary survey and diagnostic procedure be done also until patients exit the resuscitation room whether to the operating room or straight to the ward were recorded. In hospitality mortality were also recorded.Results During the study, there were 41 trauma patients went to the resuscitation room. Median time spent between admission until primary survey was finished was 10(5-60) minutes; until blood work results finished was 55(5-185) minutes; until x-ray results finished was 30(15-210) minutes; until USG results finished was 12,5(5-30) minutes; until CT-scan results finished was 75(15-360) minutes. Median time spent between admission until exiting to the operating room was 222,5(25-660) minutes; until exiting to the ward without operation was 1440(170-1440) minutes. In hospitality mortality was 41,4%.Conclusion The time spent in the resuscitation room to manage trauma patients both to do the diagnostic procedure and emergency operation was still more than 60 minutes. In hospital mortality was 41,4%. Further study needed to analyze the relationship between those two things."