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Abstrak :

Latar Belakang: Siler kalsium silikat bersifat hidrofilik, berikatan secara kimia ke dentin,  membentuk hidroksiapatit, memiliki waktu kerja dan settingideal, dan tidak terjadi penyusutan. Siler resin epoksi yang banyak digunakan saat ini memiliki kekurangan berupa adanya penyusutan saat mengeras. Evaluasi adaptasi siler dapat menentukan kemampuan kerapatan suatu siler. Salah satu metode untuk mengevaluasi kemampuan kerapatan siler adalah dengan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Tujuan: Menganalisis perbedaan adaptasi siler pada sepertiga tengah dinding saluran akar antara siler berbahan dasar kalsium silikat dengan resin epoksi.Metode: Tiga puluh dua sampel gigi premolar mandibula dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok 1: siler resin epoksi dan kelompok 2: siler kalsium silikat. Sampel dipreparasi dan diobturasi dengan siler berbahan dasar kalsium silikat dan resin epoksi. Selanjutnya, gigi dipotong vertikal dan disiapkan untuk analisis adaptasi siler menggunakan SEM. Data tersebut dianalisis secara statistik dengan uji Chi-square. Hasil Penelitian: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara adaptasi siler kalsium silikat dan resin epoksi secara statistik (p>0.05). Partikel resin epoksi secara keseluruhan tampak berukuran lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kalsium silikat. Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan adaptasi siler secara statistik antara siler berbahan dasar kalsium silikat dengan resin epoksi pada sepertiga tengah dinding saluran akar, namun secara klinis sampel siler kalsium silikat lebih sedikit menunjukkan gap/ celah dan lebih banyak yang berpenetrasi ke dalam tubuli dentin dinding saluran akar.

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Background: Calcium silicate sealer is hydrophilic, chemically bonded to dentin, forms hydroxyapatite, has an ideal working and setting time, and does not shrink. The epoxy resin sealer that is widely used today has the disadvantage of shrinkage when hardening. Evaluation of the adaptation of the sealer can determine the sealing ability of a sealer. One of the method for evaluating the sealing ability of a sealer is Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Objective: To analyze differences in the adaptation of sealers in middle third of root canal wall between the calcium silicate and epoxy resin based sealer. Methods: Thirty-two mandibular premolar teeth samples were divided into two groups, that are group 1: epoxy resin sealer and group 2: calcium silicate sealer. Samples were prepared and obturated with calcium silicate and epoxy resin based sealer. Next, the teeth were cut vertically and prepared for analysis of the sealer adaptation using SEM. The data was analyzed statistically by Chi-square test. Results: There was no significant difference between the adaptation of calcium silicate and epoxy resin sealer statistically (p> 0.05). Overall epoxy resin’s particles appear larger than calcium silicate. Conclusion: There was no statistical difference in the adaptation of sealers between calcium silicate and epoxy resin based sealer in middle third of root canal wall, but clinically fewer calcium silicate sealer samples showed gaps and more penetrated into dentinal tubules of root canal wall.

 

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Semen ionomer kaca (SIK) merupakan bahan tumpat berbahan dasar air yang cukup populer, tetapi memiliki kelemahan pada sifat mekanisnya. Seiring perkembangan teknologi, ditemukan bahan tumpat baru yaitu Giomer. Keduanya memiliki keunggulan berupa sifat pelepasan fluoride, sehingga diharapkan Giomer dapat menutupi kekurangan SIK yang terletak pada sifat mekanisnya, salah satunya kekuatan tekan. Beberapa penelitian menyatakan bahwa sifat mekanis suatu material berhubungan dengan morfologi permukaan dan komposisi kimia. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbandingan kekuatan tekan SIK dan Giomer, serta hubungannya dengan morfologi permukaan dan komposisi kimia. Metode: 16 spesimen SIK dan Giomer disiapkan untuk uji kekuatan tekan lalu dianalisis dengan uji Independent T-test. Kemudian spesimen SIK dan Giomer disiapkan untuk analisis morfologi permukaan dan komposisi kimia menggunakan SEM-EDX. Hasil Penelitian: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna nilai kekuatan tekan antara SIK dan Giomer dengan nilai kekuatan tekan Giomer lebih tinggi (204,67 MPa) dibandingkan dengan SIK (118,59 MPa). SIK memiliki permukaan eksternal yang lebih tidak beraturan, ukuran partikel lebih besar, dan lebih banyak porus. Kandungan silika pada Giomer lebih tinggi. Kesimpulan: Giomer memiliki kekuatan tekan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan SIK. Material restorasi dengan morfologi permukaan yang lebih beraturan, lebih sedikit porus, dan ukuran partikel yang lebih kecil dengan susunan yang rapat, serta kandungan silika dan karbon yang lebih tinggi berhubungan dengan kekuatan tekan yang lebih tinggi. ......Background: Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a water-based filling material that is quite popular, but has a weakness in its mechanical properties. Along with the development of technology, a new filling material was discovered, namely Giomer. Both have advantages in the form of fluoride release properties, so it is hoped that Giomer can cover the shortcomings of GIC which lie in their mechanical properties, one of which is compressive strength. Several studies have stated that the mechanical properties of a material are related to the surface morphology and chemical composition. Objective: To determine the comparison of the compressive strength of GIC and Giomer, as well as their relationship to surface morphology and chemical composition. Methods: 16 specimens of GIC and Giomer were prepared for compressive strength test and then analyzed by Independent T-test. Then the GIC and Giomer specimens were prepared for analysis of surface morphology and chemical composition using SEM-EDX. Research Results: There is a significant difference in the compressive strength value between GIC and Giomer with a higher Giomer compressive strength value (204.67 MPa) compared to GIC (118.59 MPa). GICs have a more irregular external surface, larger particle size, and more porosity. The silica content in Giomer is higher. Conclusion: Giomer has higher compressive strength than GIC. A restorative material with a more regular surface morphology, less porous and smaller particle size with a denser arrangement, and higher silica and carbon content is associated with higher compressive strength.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Kepercayaan diri individu dapat dilihat melalui aspek psikososial yang memiliki ketergantungan besar terhadap penampilan dentofasial. Perawatan restorasi gigi memiliki dampak positif dalam meningkatkan kepercayaan diri individu. Sistem adhesif adalah material yang dapat menyatukan dua permukaan yang berbeda, dalam hal ini permukaan gigi dan bahan restorasi. Pemahaman yang tepat dalam penggunaan sistem adhesif sangat krusial dalam keberhasilan perawatan restorasi gigi. Penggunaan adhesif sudah umum di kalangan dokter gigi yang di Indonesia, tetapi belum ditemukan penelitian yang mengevaluasi pemahaman dokter gigi di IKORGI Cabang Jakarta Pusat terhadap penggunaan sistem adhesif. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemahaman dokter gigi mengenai penggunaan sistem adhesif saat prosedur restoratif dan hubungannya terhadap rentang tahun kelulusan, sumber informasi, dan lokasi selama kerja praktik. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain studi potong lintang (cross-sectional). Dilakukan secara daring dengan menggunakan google form selama November 2022 – Januari 2023. Hasil: Responden penelitian didominasi oleh responden berjenis kelamin perempuan dengan rentang waktu kelulusan 0-5 tahun sejak tahun kelulusan. Pemahaman responden mengenai sistem adhesif sudah cukup baik, dilihat dari skor maksimum responden adalah 4,25. Responden penelitian ini mayoritas paham terhadap protokol, tetapi menyesuaikan dengan ketersediaan produk adhesif dan isolasi gigi yang ada di tempat kerja praktik. Kesimpulan: Pemahaman dokter gigi di IKORGI cabang Jakarta Pusat sudah baik, meskipun masih ditemukan perbedaan bermakna antara beberapa variabel penelitian. ......Background: An Individual’s confidence can be seen through psychosocial aspects that have a large dependency on their dentofacial appearance. Dental restoration treatment has a positive impact on improving an individual’s self-confidence. An adhesive system is a material that bonds two different surfaces, which in this case the tooth surface and the restoration material. Proper understanding of the use of adhesive systems is crucial to the success of dental restoration treatment. Adhesives systems is common among dentists in Indonesia, but no research has been found that evaluates the knowledge of dentists in IKORGI Branch of Central Jakarta on the use of adhesive systems. Objective: Aims of this study to determine dentists' understanding of the use of adhesive systems during restorative procedures and its relationship to the range of years of graduation, sources of information, and location during practical work. Methods: This research is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional study design. It was executed online using “google form” during November 2022 - January 2023. Results: The research respondents were dominated by female respondents with a range of 0-5 years since graduation. The respondents understood the adhesive system quite well, as seen from the maximum score of the respondents was 4.25. Most respondents in this study understood the protocol but adjusted to the availability of adhesive products and dental insulation in the practical workplace. Conclusion: The understanding of dentists in the Central Jakarta branch of IKORGI is good, although there are some significant differences between the research variables studied.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Sebagian besar pasien menginginkan bahan tambal sewarna gigi yang tahan lama dan memiliki stabilitas warna yang tinggi. Penggunaan partikel berukuran nano pada komposit saat ini dapat meningkatkan kualitas pemolesan dan menyebabkan komposit lebih tahan terhadap pewarnaan. Perubahan warna yang terjadi pada resin komposit dapat dipengaruhi oleh komponen kimiawi dalam obat kumur yang digunakan sehari-hari. Obat kumur memang efektif dalam melawan dan mengurangi penyebaran virus, namun beberapa obat kumur mengandung bahan yang dapat mengakibatkan pewarnaan pada restorasi resin komposit. Tujuan: Mendapatkan perbedaan perubahan warna antara resin komposit nanohibrida yang direndam dalam obat kumur chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2% dan povidone iodine 1%. Metode: Spesimen resin komposit nanohibrida berjumlah 32 buah disiapkan dalam mould (6x3 mm). Spesimen dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok (n=16) berdasarkan obat kumur yang digunakan yaitu kelompok A1 (chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2%) dan A2 (povidone iodine 1%). Spesimen direndam aquades dengan suhu 37ºC selama 24 jam, lalu dilakukan pemolesan dengan Sof-Lex Polishing Discs dan uji warna awal menggunakan kolorimeter. Setelah itu, spesimen direndam dalam obat kumur selama 24 jam. Kemudian dilakukan uji warna akhir dan hasil rata-rata nilai perubahan warna dianalisis dengan uji Mann-Whitney. Hasil Penelitian: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara rerata nilai perubahan warna resin komposit nanohibrida yang direndam dalam chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2% dan povidone iodine 1% (p < 0,05) dengan nilai kelompok povidone iodine 1% (3,35) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2% (0,63). Kesimpulan: Perubahan warna yang terjadi pada resin komposit nanohibrida dengan perendaman povidone iodine 1% lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perendaman dengan chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2%. ......Background: Most patients want a tooth-colored filling material that is durable and has high color stability. The use of nano-sized particles in today’s composites can improve the quality of polishing and make the composites more resistant to discoloration. Discoloration that occur in the composite resins can be affected by chemical components in the mouthwash that used daily. Mouthwashes are effective in against and reducing the spread of viruses, but some mouthwashes contain ingredients that can cause discoloration of composite resin restorations. Objective: Obtaining differences in discoloration between nanohybrid composite resin soaked in 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate and 1% povidone iodine mouthwash. Methods: Thirty two nanohybrid composite resin specimens were prepared in a mold (6x3 mm). Specimens were divided into two groups (n=16) based on the mouthwash that used, group A1 (0.2% Chlorhexidine gluconate) and A2 (1% Povidone iodine). The specimens were immersed in distilled water at 37ºC for 24 hours, then polished with Sof-Lex Polishing Discs and then the initial color test was performed using a colorimeter. After that, the specimens were soaked in mouthwash for 24 hours. Then the final color test was carried out and the mean values of the color change were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. Results: There was a significant difference between the average color change value of the nanohybrid composite resin immersed in 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate and 1% povidone iodine (p < 0.05) with 1% povidone iodine group value (3.35) higher than 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate (0.63). Conclusion: The color change that occurred in the nanohybrid composite resin with 1% povidone iodine immersion was higher than that with 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate immersion.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Bleaching merupakan prosedur mencerahkan warna gigi dengan bantuan bahan kimia yang memiliki efek samping berupa perubahan pada permukaan material resin komposit. Sementara itu, kekasaran permukaan memainkan peran penting dalam penentuan interaksi material restorasi dengan lingkungan rongga mulut karena tekstur permukaan yang tidak baik dapat meningkatkan retensi akumulasi plak dan dapat menimbulkan penyakit lainnya. Namun, penelitian mengenai efek bleaching agent pada kekasaran permukaan melaporkan hasil yang kontroversial. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh in-home bleaching agent terhadap kekasaran permukaan resin komposit nanofilled dan microhybrid. Metode: Resin komposit nanofilled FiltekTM Z350 XT Universal Restorative (3M ESPE) dan resin komposit microhybrid FiltekTM Z250 Universal Restorative (3M ESPE) digunakan pada penelitian ini. Sebanyak 16 spesimen disiapkan dari masing-masing jenis resin komposit yang dinyatakan oleh kelompok A resin komposit nanohybrid dan kelompok B resin komposit microhybrid (jumlah total spesimen adalah 32). Seluruh spesimen dibuat dengan penumpatan material ke dalam mould dengan diameter 6 mm dan ketebalan 2 mm menggunakan kaca preparat dengan strip seluloid kemudian diberikan beban 500 gram. In-home bleaching agent (Opalescence Tooth Whitening Systems 10% Carbamide Peroxide Concentrations) diaplikasikan selama 8-10 jam/hari. Seluruh perlakuan dilakukan pada suhu 37°C dan in-home bleaching agent dibilas setiap hari selama 1 minggu dan disimpan dalam air saline steril selama periode hiatus. Kemudian, seluruh spesimen diuji dan dicatat nilai kekasaran permukaan (Ra) dalam satuan μm dengan menggunakan alat uji surface roughness tester (Surtronic® S-128) sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Data dianalisis secara statistik dengan uji Paired T-Test dan Independent T-Test. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kekasaran permukaan resin komposit nanofilled dan microhybrid sebelum dan sesudah aplikasi in-home bleaching agent (p<0,005). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara resin komposit nanofilled dan microhybrid sesudah aplikasi in-home bleaching agent (p<0,005). Kesimpulan: In- home bleaching agent secara signifikan meningkatkan nilai kekasaran permukaan pada kedua jenis material resin komposit dengan resin komposit nanofilled lebih rendah dari resin komposit microhybrid. Kekasaran permukaan pada kedua jenis resin komposit masih dapat diterima secara klinis karena menunjukkan nilai di bawah ambang batas kritis 0,2 μm. ......Background: Bleaching is a procedure that involves lightening the color of a tooth through the application of a chemical agent, which has a side effect in the form of changes to the surface of the composite resin material. Meanwhile, surface roughness plays a vital role in determining a material’s interaction with the oral environment due to the poor surface texture of dental materials. It has a significant influence on plaque accumulation and causes other diseases. However, studies on the effect of bleaching agents on the surface roughness of dental materials have reported controversial results. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the effect of in-home bleaching agents on the surface roughness of nanofilled and microhybrid composite resin. Methods: Nanofilled composite resin FiltekTM Z350 XT Universal Restorative (3M ESPE) and microhybrid composite resin FiltekTM Z250 Universal Restorative (3M ESPE) were used in the present study. Sixteen specimens were prepared from each type of composite resin that represented by group A for nanofilled composite resin and group B for microhybrid composite resin (total number of specimens were 32). Each specimen was prepared by compressing a sufficient amount of material into a mold of 6 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness using glass slides with celluloid strip, then given a load of 500 grams. In-home bleaching agents (Opalescence Tooth Whitening Systems 10% Carbamide Peroxide Concentrations) were applied 8-10 hours/day. All treatment was conducted at 37°C temperature, and an in-home bleaching agent was applied and rinsed off daily for one week and stored in distilled water during the hiatus period. Then, the surface roughness of all specimens was measured and recorded (Ra) value in μm using a surface roughness tester (Surtronic® S-128) before and after being treated. Data were statistically analyzed with Paired T-Test and Independent T-Test. Result: There was a statistically significant difference between the surface roughness of nanofilled and microhybrid composite resin before and after being bleached with an in-home bleaching agent (p<0,005). There was a statistically significant difference between nanofilled and microhybrid composite resin after being bleached with an in-home bleaching agent (p<0,005). Conclusion: In-home bleaching agent significantly increased the surface roughness value of both types of composite resin with nanofilled composite resin is lower than microhybrid composite resin. Surface roughness for both composite resins is still clinically acceptable because values tested below the critical threshold of 0,2 μm.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Virus dengan gejala pneumonia berat teridentifikasi di Wuhan, Cina sebagai virus COVID-19. Sulitnya pemutusan rantai infeksi COVID-19 mengancam seluruh dunia dan dinyatakan sebagai pandemi pada 11 Maret 2020. Akhirnya, berbagai layanan esensial negara seperti pengobatan gigi dan mulut terpaksa dibatasi aktivitasnya sebagai upaya pengendalian infeksi. Namun, rasa sakit yang tidak dapat tertahankan seperti kegawatdaruratan endodontik tidak bisa dihindari dan membutuhkan pertolongan segera. Selama pandemi, RSKGM FKG UI sebagai pusat rujukan pelayanan kedokteran gigi tetap beroperasi dengan memperketat rangkaian pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi. Maka, identifikasi dan evaluasi kasus kegawatdaruratan endodontik sebelum dengan selama pandemi di RSKGM FKG UI dilakukan. Tujuan: Mengetahui distribusi dan frekuensi kegawatdaruratan endodontik di Rumah Sakit Khusus Gigi dan Mulut Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia sebelum dan selama pandemi COVID-19. Metode: Penelitian merupakan penelitian deskriptif retrospektif dan analitik komparatif kategorik menggunakan data sekunder rekam medik. Hasil: Terdapat 315 kasus kegawatdaruratan endodontik dengan 111 kasus ditemukan sebelum pandemi dan 204 kasus ditemukan selama pandemi. Terdapat dominasi pada kelompok usia produktif, jenis kelampin perempuan, dan tindakan PSA sebelum dan selama pandemi yang diiringi dengan perbedaan dominasi diagnosis kasus, yaitu acute apical abscess sebelum pandemi dan symptomatic irreversible pulpitis selama pandemi. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara diagnosis acute apical abscess dengan symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (p-value <0,05) dan perbedaan tidak bermakna antara tindakan perawatan kegawatdaruratan endodontik sebelum dengan selama pandemi. Kesimpulan: Terjadi peningkatan kasus kegawatdaruratan endodontik selama pandemi COVID-19 yang diiringi dengan penurunan arus kunjungan departemen konservasi. ......Background: Virus with symptoms of severe pneumonia was identified in Wuhan, China as COVID-19 virus. The difficulties in controlling the COVID-19 transmission have led to a pandemic which was declared on March 11, 2020. Various essential sectors of the country been restricted at last to control virus transmission. However, intolerable pain such as endodontic emergency is unavoidable and requires immediate help. During the pandemic, RSKGM FKG UI continues to operate as referral centre for dental services by tightening the health protocol. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and evaluate endodontic emergency cases before and during pandemic era at RSKGM FKG UI. Objective: This study aims to determine the distribution and frequency of endodontic emergency cases in RSKGM FKG UI before and during pandemic era of COVID-19. Methods: Retrospective descriptive and comparative analytical study is done using secondary data found in patient’s medical record. Results: There were 315 cases of endodontic emergency with 111 cases found before the pandemic and 204 cases found during the pandemic. Case was dominated by productive age, female, and root canal treatment group before and during pandemic followed by acute apical abscess domination before pandemic and symptomatic irreversible pulpitis domination during pandemic. There was significant difference between acute apical abscess group and symptomatic irreversible pulpitis group (p-value <0,05) accompanied by no significant difference between treatment group before and during pandemic. Conclusion: Collected data showed an increased cases of endodontic emergencies accompanied by decreased flow of regular visitors at conservative department.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Semen ionomer kaca merupakan bahan restoratif untuk merawat karies gigi. Salah satu kekurangan dari bahan ini ialah jika berkontak dengan asam sebelum maturasi, akan terjadi penurunan sifat mekanik yang ditandai oleh berkurangnya kekerasan permukaannya. Kekerasan permukaan bahan kedokteran gigi memiliki hubungan dengan estetika dan resistensi terhadap goresan yang dapat menyebabkan fraktur. Oleh karena itu, coating agent seperti varnish diperlukan oleh restorasi semen ionomer kaca untuk melindunginya dari asam seperti minuman berkarbonasi. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi varnish coating agent terhadap kekerasan permukaan semen ionomer kaca sesudah perendaman pada minuman berkarbonasi. Metode: Spesimen semen ionomer kaca yang dibuat berjumlah 24 buah dibagi ke dalam 4 kelompok perlakuan yakni kelompok yang tidak diaplikasikan varnish coating agent dan disimpan tanpa perendaman, kelompok yang diaplikasikan varnish coating agent dan disimpan dalam saliva buatan, kelompok yang diaplikasikan varnish coating agent dan direndam dalam minuman berkabornasi, serta kelompok yang tidak diaplikasikan varnish coating agent dan direndam dalam minuman berkarbonasi. Hasil: Kekerasan permukaan restorasi semen ionomer kaca pada seluruh kelompok perlakuan mengalami peningkatan. Kesimpulan: Kekerasan permukaan semen ionomer kaca yang diaplikasikan varnish coating agent sesudah perendaman pada minuman berkarbonasi lebih tinggi dari yang tidak diaplikasikan varnish coating agent. ......Background: Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a material for treating dental caries. The disadvantage of GIC is that if it comes into contact with acids before maturation, there will be a decrease in mechanical properties which is indicated by a decrease in surface hardness. Surface hardness has a relationship with aesthetics and resistance to scratches that can cause fractures. Coating agents like varnishes are required for GIC to protect them from acids like carbonated drinks. Objective: Knowing the effect of varnish coating agent application on the surface hardness of glass ionomer cement after immersion in carbonated drinks. Methods: GIC specimens were divided into 4 treatment groups. The first group was not applied with varnish coating agent and stored without immersion, the second group was applied with varnish coating agent and stored in artificial saliva, the third group was applied with varnish coating agent and soaked in carbonated drinks, and the last group was not applied with varnish coating agent and was immersed in carbonated drinks. Results: The surface hardness of GIC in all treatment groups increased. Conclusion: The surface hardness of GIC which was applied with varnish coating agent after immersion in carbonated drinks was higher than that without application.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Preparasi saluran akar gigi dengan file endodontik Ni-Ti umum digunakan saat ini dalam praktik klinis maupun institusi pendidikan karena karakteristik bahan yang baik. File perlu melalui sterilisasi autoklaf sebelum digunakan kembali. Namun, setelah siklus preparasi dan sterilisasi terlihat perubahan morfologi dan belum ada kesepakatan batas penggunaan untuk menghindari hal tersebut. Tujuan: Menganalisis efek frekuensi preparasi dan sterilisasi terhadap perubahan morfologi file endodontik Ni-Ti hand-use. Metode: File ProTaper® Universal hand-use (Dentsply Maillefer) digunakan untuk preparasi 135 gigi premolar akar tunggal, sebanyak 5 kali (kelompok 1) dan 10 kali (kelompok 2), antar tiap preparasi file dibersihkan dengan larutan enzimatik, scouring sponge, ultrasonic cleaner dan sterilisasi autoklaf. Kemudian sampel diamati dengan stereomicroscope (Nikon® SMZ800, Japan). Data dianalisis dengan uji Kruskal-wallis dan Mann-Whitney (p<0,05). Hasil Penelitian: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara perubahan morfologi file setelah 5 dan 10 kali preparasi dan sterilisasi (p<0,05). Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara perubahan morfologi file F1 setelah 5 dan 10 siklus (p>0,05). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara perubahan morfologi file F2 setelah 5 dan 10 siklus (p<0,05) dan antara perubahan morfologi file F1 dan F2 setelah 5 siklus (p<0,05). Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara perubahan morfologi file F1 dan F2 melalui 10 siklus (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: Frekuensi preparasi dan sterilisasi file endodontik Ni-Ti hand use memiliki efek terhadap perubahan morfologi pada file. ......Background: Root canal preparation using Ni-Ti endodontic file was generally used today, due to its more elastic characteristic. In clinical setting, file requires autoclave sterilization before next usage. However, morphological changes could be seen after cycles of preparation and sterilization and there is still no agreement on safe usage limits for the re-use of these files. Objective: To analyze the effect of preparation and sterilization frequency on Ni-Ti endodontic hand-use files by their morphological changes. Method: ProTaper® Universal Hand-use files (PTU) (Dentsply Maillefer, Switzerland) were used on 135 single-rooted canal premolars for 5 times (1st group), 10 times (2nd group), then after every use, files are cleaned with enzymatic solution, scouring sponge, ultrasonic cleaner and sterilized by autoclave. Afterward, F1 and F2 files observed with stereomicroscope. Data was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p<0.05). Result: There were statistically significant differences of file morphological changes after 5 and 10 cycles (p<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences of F1 files morphological changes after 5 and 10 cycles (p>0.05). There were statistically significant differences of F2 files morphological changes after 5 and 10 cycles (p<0.05). There were statistically significant differences of F1 and F2 files morphological changes after 5 cycles (p<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences of F1 and F2 files morphological changes after 10 cycle (p>0.05). Conclusion: The frequency of preparation and sterilization on Ni-Ti endodontic hand-use files had effect on its morphological changes.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Pandemi COVID-19 di Indonesia memiliki dampak besar pada praktik pelayanan kedokteran gigi. Dokter gigi memiliki risiko lebih tinggi terinfeksi COVID-19 dalam prosedur kedokteran gigi. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan tindakan pencegahan penularan COVID-19 dalam bentuk kontrol infeksi yang merupakan salah satu indikator penilaian kualitas dalam praktik pelayanan kedokteran gigi. Tujuan: Penelitian ini menjelaskan hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap pencegahan COVID-19 dengan praktik pelayanan di RSKGM FKG UI pada mahasiswa PPDGS Konservasi Gigi. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif analitik potong-lintang pada 58 mahasiswa PPDGS Konservasi Gigi FKG UI berbasis kuesioner yang dibagikan secara daring. Hasil: Berdasarkan Uji Mann-Whitney dan Kruskal Wallis, tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik (p > 0,05) antara pengetahuan, sikap dan praktik pencegahan COVID-19 berdasarkan lama pengalaman kerja dan tahun angkatan pendidikan. Uji korelasi Spearman menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan (p > 0,05) pengetahuan dan sikap mahasiswa tentang pencegahan COVID-19 dengan praktik pelayanan kedokteran gigi. Kesimpulan: Mahasiswa PPDGS Konservasi Gigi memiliki tingkat pengetahuan baik, sikap positif dan praktik yang baik terkait pencegahan COVID-19. Tidak ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap responden tentang pencegahan COVID-19 dengan praktik pelayanan di RSKGM FKGUI serta tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik pencegahan COVID-19 berdasarkan lama pengalaman kerja dan tahun angkatan pendidikan. ......Background: The COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia has had a major impact on the dental services. Dentists are exposed to a higher risk of getting infected by COVID-19 during dental procedures. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 in the form of infection control which is one of the indicators of quality assessment in dental service practice. Objectives: This study explains the correlation between knowledge and attitudes about COVID-19 prevention with service practice at RSKGM FKG UI on Conservative Dentistry Specialty Program Student. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive analytic study was conducted on 58 Conservative Dentistry Specialty Program Students based on questionnaires taken online. Result: Based on the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests, there was no statistical difference (p> 0.05) between knowledge, attitudes and practices of COVID-19 prevention based on length of work experience and years of education. The Spearman test showed no correlation (p> 0.05) between knowledge and attitudes of students about COVID-19 prevention on dental service practices. Conclusion: Conservative Dentistry Specialty Program Students have a good level of knowledge, positive attitude and good practices related to COVID-19 prevention. There is no correlation between the knowledge and attitudes of respondents about COVID-19 prevention on service practices at the RSKGM FKG UI and there is no significant difference in knowledge, attitudes, and practices of COVID-19 prevention based on the length of work experience and years of the education

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Perawatan pulpa vital telah mengalami perubahan paradigma menuju perawatan regeneratif endodontik. Beberapa tahun terakhir material bioaktif terus berkembang dengan perubahan komposisi kimia untuk meningkatkan sifat fisik, kimia, dan biologisnya. Perkembangan material tersebut, seperti semen berbasis kalsium silikat, terus dikembangkan untuk merangsang regenerasi kompleks pulpa dentin sebagai tujuan akhir dari perawatan pulpa vital. Perubahan komposisi kimia berdampak pada perubahan semen ini dari sediaan powder/liquid menjadi pre-mixed putty. Salah satu penanda regenerasi kompleks pulpa dentin adalah analisis diferensiasi odontoblast human dental pulp stem cell (hDPSC) yang dapat diidentifikasi dengan peningkatan ekspresi Dentin Sialophospoprotein (DSPP) dan deposisi mineral hDSPC. Tujuan: Membandingkan efek perubahan komposisi kimia semen berbasis kalsium silikat pre-mixed putty terhadap diferensiasi odontogenik hDSPC. Metode: Semen berbasis kalsium silikat premixed putty dihaluskan dan disterilisasi (ISO 10993-5:2009). Sel punca pulpa (hDPSC) merupakan hasil kultur primer yang telah 80% confluent (telah melalui uji stem cell marker CD90 98%, CD105 99,7% , CD73 94% dan LinNeg 0,5%) dan mencapai P2-3 dilakukan serum starvation 24 jam. Kelompok penelitian ini terdiri dari 7 kelompok, hDSPC dikultur pada media osteogenik dengan penambahan; Biodentin® konsentrasi 1:1, 1:2, 1:5, BIO-C® Repair konsentrasi 1:1, 1:2, 1:5 dan kontrol negatif (DMEM + media osteogenik). Kemudian dilakukan uji ELISA diferensiasi hDSPC melalui ekspresi DSPP pada hari ke-7 dan 14 dan uji kualitatif pewarnaan Alizarin Red pada hari ke-21. Hasil: Semen berbasis kalsium silikat pre-mixed putty konsentrasi 1:5 pada waktu observasi 7 hari, dan konsentrasi 1:2 dan 1:5 pada waktu observasi 14 hari meningkatkan ekspresi DSPP dan deposisi mineral hDSPC. Kesimpulan: Perubahan komposisi kimia semen berbasis kalsium silikat pre-mixed putty meningkatkan ekspresi DSPP dan deposisi mineral hDPSC sehingga terbukti dapat menginduksi diferensiasi odontoblas. ......Background: Vital pulp treatment has undergone a paradigm shift towards endodontic regenerative treatment. In recent years, bioactive materials have continued to evolve with changes in chemical composition to improve their physical, chemical and biological properties. The development of these materials, such as cement-based calcium silicate, continues to be developed to stimulate the regeneration of the dentin pulp complex as the ultimate goal of vital pulp treatment. Changes in chemical composition have an impact on changing this cement from powder/liquid preparation to pre-mixed putty. One of the markers of regeneration of the dentin pulp complex is the analysis of odontoblast differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSC) which can be identified by increased expression of Dentin Sialophospoprotein (DSPP) and mineral deposition of hDPSC. Objective: To compare the effect of changes in the chemical composition of cement based on calcium silicate pre-mixed putty on hDSPC’s odontogenic differentiation. Method: Cement based on premixed putty calcium silicate is pulverized and sterilized (ISO 10993-5:2009). Pulp stem cells (hDPSC) are the result of primary cultures that are 80% confluent (have gone through the stem cell marker test CD90 98%, CD105 99.7%, CD73 94% and LinNeg 0.5%) and reach P2-3 by serum starvation 24 hours. This research group consisted of 7 groups, hDSPC was cultured on osteogenic media with the addition of; Biodentin® concentrations of 1:1, 1:2, 1:5, BIO-C® Repair concentrations of 1:1, 1:2, 1:5 and negative control (DMEM + osteogenic media). Then an hDSPC differentiation ELISA test through DSPP expression was performed on days 7 and 14 and a qualitative test of Alizarin Red staining on day 21. Results: Cement based on pre-mixed putty calcium silicate with a concentration of 1:5 at 7 days of observation, and concentrations of 1:2 and 1:5 at 14 days of observation increased DSPP expression and mineral deposition of hDPSC. Conclusion: Changes in the chemical composition of pre-mixed putty calcium silicate-based cement increased the expression of DSPP and mineral deposition in hDPSC so that it was proven to be able to induce odontoblast differentiation.