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"Latar Belakang : Hiperurisemia pada pilot dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya inkapasitasi baik akibat penyakit sendi, batu, maupun jantung. Hiperurisemia dapat disebabkan berbagai faktor seperti jenis makanan, jumlah volume cairan yang dikonsumsi, kebiasaan aktivitas fisik, dan paparan dari lingkungan penerbangan. Data menunjukkan bahwa pada populasi pekerja rata-rata memiliki kebiasaan konsumsi cairan sebanyak 1882 ml/hari. Angka ini masih di bawah nilai kebutuhan cairan harian yang direkomendasikan yaitu sekitar 2000 ml/hari. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kebiasaan minum, tipe penerbangan, kebiasaan makan buah dan sayur, serta aktivitas fisik dengan hiperurisemia pada pilot sipil di Indonesia.Metode : Penelitian menggunakan metode potong lintang dari pengisian kuesioner dan rekam medis pilot sipil di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan, Jakarta yang melakukan pemeriksaan 6-10 Juni 2022. Data yang dikumpulkan dari kuesioner meliputi: usia, ras, jenis kelamin, lisensi, berat badan, tinggi badan, tipe penerbangan, kebiasaan makan buah dan sayur, dan aktivitas fisik. Data kebiasaan minum secara khusus dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner 7 days fluid record. Dari rekam medis data yang didapat berupa kadar asam urat. Hiperurisemia adalah konsentrasi urat plasma lebih dari 6,8 mg/dl. Pengolahan data menggunakan aplikasi IBM® SPSS® Statistics Version 22.Hasil : Dari 141 pilot yang melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan dan setuju untuk ikut dalam penelitian, sebanyak 23 tidak merespon ketika dihubungi dan sebanyak 33 orang masuk dalam kriteria drop out sehingga jumlah sampel penelitian menjadi 85 pilot. Karakteristik pilot yang didapat dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 56,5% berusia diatas 30 tahun, 63,5% memiliki kategori indeks massa tubuh obesitas, dan 49,4% memiliki tipe penerbangan short haul. Sebanyak 54,1% memiliki kadar asam urat tinggi (hiperurisemia) dan 45,9% memiliki kadar asam urat normal. Data menunjukkan bahwa kebiasaan minum pilot sipil di Indonesia rata-rata berada di angka 2246,10 ml per hari dengan rata-rata jumlah konsumsi air putihnya berada di angka 1910,49 ml per hari. Sebanyak 98,8% responden memiliki kebiasaan makan buah dan sayur yang kurang dari yang direkomendasikan. Sebanyak 71,8% responden memiliki aktivitas fisik inaktif. Dari hasil analisa statistik tidak ditemukan adanya faktor risiko yang diteliti yang berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko terjadinya hiperurisemia.Kesimpulan : Karakteristik pilot yang ditemukan sebagian besar berusia di atas 30 tahun, memiliki indeks massa tubuh obesitas, dan memiliki tipe penerbangan short haul. Prevalensi hiperurisemia pada pilot sipil ditemukan sebesar 54,1%. Sebanyak 54,1% pilot sipil di Indonesia sudah memiliki kebiasaan minum yang baik sesuai rekomendasi (≥ 2000 ml per hari). Pilot sipil di Indonesia belum memiliki kebiasaan makan buah dan sayur yang baik sesuai rekomendasi. Pilot sipil di Indonesia masih banyak yang memiliki aktivitas fisik kategori inaktif daripada yang aktif. Kecenderungan hiperurisemia ditemukan pada sampel yang kebiasaan minumnya kurang dari yang direkomendasikan (59%), memiliki tipe penerbangan long haul (81,8%), memiliki kebiasaan makan buah dan sayurnya kurang dari yang direkomendasikan (54,8%), dan yang memiliki aktivitas fisik aktif (71,4%).

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Background : Hyperuricemia in pilots can increase the risk of incapacity due to joint, stone, and heart disease. Hyperuricemia can be caused by various factors such as the type of food, the amount of fluid volume consumed, physical activity habits, and exposure from the flight environment. Data shows that the working population has an average of 1882 ml/ day of fluid consumption. This figure is still below the recommended daily fluid requirement value of about 2000 ml / day. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between drinking habits, flight types, fruit and vegetable eating habits, as well as physical activity with hyperuricemia in civilian pilots in Indonesia.

Methods : The study used the cross-section method from filling out questionnaires and medical records of civilian pilots at the Aviation Health Center, Jakarta, which conducted an examination from June 6-10, 2022. The data collected from the questionnaire included: age, race, gender, license, weight, height, flight type, fruit and vegetable eating habits, and physical activity. Drinking habits data were specifically collected using a 7 days fluid record questionnaire. From the medical record, the data obtained is in the form of uric acid levels. Hyperuricemia is a plasma urate concentration of more than 6,8 mg/dl. Data processing using IBM® SPSS® Statistics Version 22 applications.

Results : From the 141 pilots who conducted medical examinations and agreed to participate in the study, 23 did not respond when contacted and 33 people were included in the drop out criteria, bringing the number of study samples to 85 pilots. The characteristics of the pilots obtained in this study were 56.5% over the age of 30 years, 63.5% had an obese body mass index category, and 49.4% had a short haul flight type. About 54.1% had high uric acid levels (hyperuricemia) and 45.9% had normal uric acid levels. Data shows that the drinking habits of civilian pilots in Indonesia are on average at 2,246.10 ml per day with the average amount of water consumption at 1,910.49 ml per day. About 98.8% of respondents have the habit of eating fruits and vegetables that are less than recommended. It was also found that 71.8% of respondents had inactive physical activity. From the results of statistical analysis, it was not found that there were risk factors studied were associated with an increased risk of hyperuricemia.

Conclusion : The characteristics of the pilots found were mostly over 30 years old, had an obese body mass index, and had a short haul flight type. The prevalence of hyperuricemia in civilian pilots was found to be 54.1%. As many as 54.1% of civilian pilots in Indonesia already have good drinking habits according to recommendations (≥ 2000 ml per day). Civilian pilots in Indonesia do not yet have the habit of eating good fruits and vegetables as recommended. Civil Pilots in Indonesia still have more inactive category physical activity than active ones. A tendency to hyperuricemia was found in samples whose drinking habits were less than recommended (59%), having a long haul flight type (81.8%). have the habit of eating fruits and vegetables less than recommended (54.8%), and those with active physical activity (71.4%)."

"Latar belakang: Pasien dengan Penyakit Ginjal Tahap Akhir (PGTA) yang menjalani hemodialisis dilaporkan adanya penurunan pendengaran. Beberapa studi mengatakan adanya hubungan antara hemodialisis dengan penurunan pendengaran. Penurunan pendengaran yang terjadi juga diduga adanya faktor risiko lain seperti usia, hipertensi, diabetes melitus dan riwayat/lamanya dilakukan hemodialisis. Beberapa penelitian, dikatakan masih kontroversi sehingga dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang pre dan post ini melibatkan 50 subyek penelitian yang sesuai kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Pemeriksaan dilakukan dengan menilai pemeriksaan otoskopi, dilanjutkan dengan pemeriksaan timpanometri, audiometri nada murni dan DPOAE (Disortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions). Pemeriksaan fungsi pendengaran dilakukan secara pre post hemodialisis. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan uji t berpasangan dan Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, P-value. Hasil: Pada penelitian ini didapatkan adanya hubungan bermakna (p<0,001) antara perubahan rerata ambang dengar dan SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) dengan terapi hemodialisis pada pasien PGTA. Kesimpulan: Hemodialisis dapat menurunkan ambang dengar dan perubahan SNR terutama pada frekuensi tinggi. Pada penelitian ini perubahan ambang dengar dan SNR bersifat reversibel, diperlukan penelitian lanjutan untuk mengetahui perubahan ambang dengar dan SNR yang bersifat irreversibel.

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Introduction: Patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis reported hearing loss. Several studies suggest a relation between hemodialysis and hearing loss. The decrease in hearing that occurs is also suspected to be due to other risk factors such as age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and history/length of hemodialysis. Some research is said to be still controversial so further research is needed.

Methods: This cross-sectional pre and post study involved 50 research subjects who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The examination is carried out by assessing the otoscopic examination, followed by tympanometry, pure tone audiometry and DPOAE (Disortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions) examinations. Hearing function examination is carried out pre-post hemodialysis. Data processing was carried out using the paired t test and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, P-value.

Results: In this study, it was found that there was a significant relationship (p<0.001) between changes in the average hearing threshold and SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) with hemodialysis therapy in ESRD patients.

Conclusion: Hemodialysis can reduce hearing thresholds and changes in SNR, especially at high frequencies. In this study, changes in hearing threshold and SNR are reversible, further research is needed to determine whether changes in hearing threshold and SNR are irreversible."

"Latar belakang: Uveitis merupakan sekelompok penyakit yang ditandai dengan adanya inflamasi intraokular. Derajat inflamasi bilik mata depan yang dinilai secara semi-kuantitatif berdasarkan penghitungan sel dan flare, digunakan untuk menentukan keparahan penyakit, efektivitas terapi serta pemantauan jangka panjang pada uveitis anterior dan panuveitis.Tujuan: Menilai validitas dan reliabilitas optical coherence tomography (OCT) segmen anterior dalam mengukur inflamasi bilik mata depan secara kuantitatif sebagai metode alternatif dari standar baku pengukuran semi-kuantitatif, Kriteria SUN.Metode: Studi ini adalah studi potong lintang, prospektif. Penghitungan jumlah sel menggunakan optical coherence tomography dengan bantuan ImageJ dilakukan oleh dua penilai yang berbeda. Hasil: Sebanyak 30 mata yang berasal dari 24 pasien diikutkan dalam penelitian. Sebanyak 80% pasien menderita panuveitis dengan tuberkulosis sebagai etiologi tersering (50%). Uji kesesuaian Cohen’s kappa pada protokol multiple line scans didapatkan nilai 0,352 (p=0,000) sedangkan protokol single line scan didapatkan nilai -0,218 (p=0,032). Uji korelasi Gamma protokol multiple line scans didapatkan nilai rho=0,595 (p=0,002) sedangkan protokol single line scan didapatkan nilai rho=-0,210 (p=0,313). Nilai inter-rater protokol multiple line scans menunjukkan hasil sangat baik sedangkan protokol single line scan baik (0,986 dan 0,892, p<0,001).Kesimpulan: OCT segmen anterior menghasilkan data kuantitatif sel inflamasi pada bilik mata depan. Jumlah sel bilik mata depan yang dihitung menggunakan OCT segmen anterior protokol multiple line scans menunjukkan korelasi sedang dan kesesuaian minimal dengan Kriteria SUN.

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Background: Uveitis is a group of diseases characterised by intraocular inflammation. The evaluation of anterior chamber inflammation, conducted through a semi-quantitative assessment involving cell counts and flares, plays a pivotal role in determining disease severity, assessing therapeutic effectiveness, and facilitating long-term monitoring in anterior uveitis and panuveitis cases.

Purpose: To evaluate the validity and reliability of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) as a quantitative measurement tool for assessing anterior chamber inflammation. The objective is to explore its potential as an alternative method to the standard semi-quantitative measurement defined by the SUN Criteria.

Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted for this purpose. The anterior chamber cell numbers were quantified using anterior segment optical coherence tomography, assisted by ImageJ, and assessed independently by two raters.

Result: The study included a total of 30 eyes from 24 patients. Panuveitis was observed in 80% of the patients, with tuberculosis identified as the predominant etiology (50%). The Cohen’s kappa test, conducted on the multiple-line scan protocol, yielded a value of 0.352 (p=0.000), while the single-line scan protocol showed a value of -0.218 (p=0.032). The Gamma correlation test for the multiple-line scan protocol demonstrated a value of rho=0.595 (p=0.002), whereas the single-line scan protocol had a value of rho=-0.210 (p=0.313). Inter-rater values for the multiple-line scan protocol indicated excellent agreement (0,986, p<0.001), while the single-line scan protocol showed good agreement (0.892, p<0.001).

Conclusion: OCT yielded quantitative data on anterior chamber inflammatory cells. Quantifying anterior chamber cells through the multiple line scan protocols of anterior segment OCT showed a moderate correlation and minimal agreement with the SUN Criteria."

"Objektif: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik subjek penelitian dan pengaruh latihan aerobik selama delapan minggu terhadap perbaikan kualitas hidup menggunakan kuesioner Minnesota Living with Heart Failure (MLHF). Metode: Penelitian ini adalah studi pre dan post latihan aerobik pada pasien gagal jantung kronik stabil. Subjek penelitian melakukan latihan berjalan tiga kali seminggu dengan intensitas sesuai Rating of Perceived Exertion 12-13, durasi latihan dimulai selama 10 menit dengan penambahan jarak 100-200 meter per sesi latihan berdasarkan toleransi subjek selama delapan minggu dan penilaian kualitas hidup menggunakan kuesioner Minnesota Living with Heart Failure dan uji jalan enam menit sebelum dan sesudah latihan aerobik selama delapan minggu. Hasil: Jumlah subjek penelitian sebesar 20 subjek (15 laki-laki dan 5 perempuan). Subjek penelitian didominasi oleh lanjut usia (10 orang), sudah menikah (16 orang), riwayat pendidikan DIII/S1 (10 orang), status bekerja (11 orang), obesitas tingkat I (7 orang), kelas fungsional NYHA II (19 orang), kondisi penyerta berupa hipertensi (16 orang) dan gaya hidup sedenter (18 orang). Perbandingan skor kuesioner MLHF sebelum dan sesudah latihan aerobik mengalami perbaikan bermakna secara statistik (p < 0.001), dimana skor domain fisik dan domain emosional mengalami perbaikan yang bermakna secara statistik (p < 0,001). Perbandingan delta domain fisik dengan delta domain emosional didapatkan bermakna secara statistik (p < 0,001). Perbandingan uji jalan enam menit sebelum dan sesudah latihan aerobik bermakna secara statistik (p< 0,001). Didapatkan hubungan bermakna secara statistik antara usia (p= 0,009) dan status pernikahan (p= 0,037) terhadap skor MLHF. Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbaikan kualitas hidup pada gagal jantung kronik stabil setelah latihan aerobik fase II selama delapan minggu. Terdapat hubungan pada usia dan status pernikahan terhadap skor MLHF.

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Objective: This study aims to determine the characteristics of study subjects and the impact of aerobic exercise over eight weeks on the improvement of quality of life using the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure (MLHF) questionnaire. Method: This is a pre and post-aerobic exercise study on stable chronic heart failure patients. Study subjects engaged in walking exercises three times a week with an intensity based on the Rating of Perceived Exertion of 12-13. Exercise duration started at 10 minutes with an addition of 100-200 meters per exercise session based on the subject's tolerance over eight weeks. Assessment of quality of life was conducted using the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure questionnaire and six-minute walking test before and after aerobic exercise for eight weeks. Result: The total number of study subjects was 20 (15 males and 5 females). Study subjects were predominantly elderly (10 individuals), married (16 individuals), with a Diploma/Bachelor education background (10 individuals), employed (11 individuals), categorized as class I obesity (7 individuals), NYHA functional class II (19 individuals), having hypertension comorbidity (16 individuals), and leading a sedentary lifestyle (18 individuals). Comparison of MLHF questionnaire scores before and after aerobic exercise showed a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.001), with significant improvements in both physical and emotional domains (p < 0.001). Comparison of the delta in the physical domain and the emotional domain was also statistically significant (p < 0.001). Comparison of the six-minute walking test before and after aerobic exercise was statistically significant (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant association between age (p= 0.009) and marital status (p= 0.037) with MLHF scores. Conclusion: There was an improvement of quality of life in stable chronic heart failure patients after aerobic exercise in phase II for eight weeks. There was a significant association between age and marital status with MLHF scores."

"Keselamatan penerbangan menjadi prioritas utama dalam operasional penerbangan di seluruh dunia. Namun, kecelakaan fatal penerbangan sipil masih sering terjadi di Indonesia. Kecelakaan fatal pada penerbangan umumnya tidak hanya melibatkan satu faktor, tapi terjadi melalui berbagai faktor yang terakumulasi dan saling berinteraksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memiliki hubungan dengan kecelakaan fatal pada penerbangan sipil di Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan desain potong lintang yang dilakukan pada bulan Juli 2023 dengan mengambil seluruh data dalam bentuk final report kecelakaan pesawat sayap tetap yang dipublikasi oleh Komite Nasional Keselamatan Transportasi (KNKT) Indonesia dari tahun 2007-2019. Didapatkan total 36 insidensi kecelakaan fatal penerbangan sipil di Indonesia selama periode tersebut. Didapatkan total 36 insidensi kecelakaan fatal penerbangan sipil di Indonesia selama periode tersebut. Setelah eksklusi dan analisis bivariat dengan metode uji chi-square dan Fisher’s exact, faktor-faktor yang ditemukan berhubungan dengan kecelakaan fatal penerbangan komersial adalah jenis lisensi pilot, tipe kabin pesawat, jumlah engine pesawat, maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) pesawat, hari kecelakaan, lokasi kecelakaan terhadap bandara, keterlibatan api, kategori kecelakaan dan fase penerbangan. Tidak ditemukan adanya hubungan yang signifikan pada seluruh faktor yang diabalisis terhadap kecelakaan fatal penerbangan umum.

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Aviation safety is a priority in aviation operations throughout the world. However, fatal civil aviation accidents still occur frequently in Indonesia. Fatal aviation accidents generally do not only involve one factor but occur through various factors that accumulate and interact with each other. This research aims to identify factors that are related to fatal accidents of civil aviation in Indonesia. The research used a cross-sectional design which was carried out in July 2023 by including all final reports on fixed-wing aircraft accidents published by the Indonesian National Transportation Safety Committee (KNKT) from 2007-2019. There were a total of 36 fatal civil aviation accidents in Indonesia during the period. After exclusion and bivariate analysis using the chi-square and Fisher's exact test methods, the factors found to be associated with fatal commercial aviation accidents were type of pilot license, aircraft cabin type, number of aircraft engines, maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) of the aircraft, day of the accident, accident location relative to airport, fire involvement, accident category and flight phase. There was no significant association found between all factors that responded to fatal general aviation accidents."

"Latar belakang: Retinopati diabetik (diabetic retinopathy, DR) merupakan komplikasi diabetes mellitus (DM) yang dapat menyebabkan kebutaan. Kesadaran pasien DM terhadap DR dapat diukur dari pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku (knowledge, attitude, practice, KAP) dalam pencegahan DR.Tujuan: Mengetahui serta membandingkan pola karakteristik demografi dan skor KAP pasien DM tanpa DR terhadap DM dengan DR di Puskesmas Provinsi DKI Jakarta menggunakan kuesioner yang teruji valid dan reliabel.Metode: Subjek dirandomisasi menggunakan cluster random sampling terhadap 17 Puskesmas di Provinsi DKI Jakarta yang telah dilakukan skrining DR terhadap pasien DM.Hasil: Subjek terdiri dari 205 subjek dengan DR & 210 subjek tanpa DR. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok durasi DM, pendidikan terakhir, dan penghasilan perbulan terhadap pengetahuan. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok durasi DM, pendidikan terakhir, penghasilan perbulan, dan pekerjaan terhadap sikap. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antar seluruh variabel kelompok terhadap perilaku. Pada kelompok tanpa DR, terdapat korelasi antara pengetahuan dan perilaku (p <0.001) dengan korelasi lemah (r: 0.37) dan terdapat korelasi antara sikap dan perilaku (p <0.001) dengan korelasi sedang (r: 0.45). Pada kelompok dengan DR, terdapat korelasi antara pengetahuan dan perilaku (p <0.001) dengan korelasi lemah (r: 0.40) dan terdapat korelasi antara sikap dan perilaku (p <0.001) dengan korelasi sedang (r: 0.45). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna rerata skor perilaku (p: 0.036) antar kelompok tanpa DR dan dengan DR, tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna dari rerata skor pengetahuan dan sikap.Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap perilaku penderita DM tanpa DR dan dengan DR. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna perilaku antara kelompok tanpa DR dan dengan DR.

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Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) which can cause blindness. DM patient awareness of DR can be measured from knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) in preventing DR.

Purpose: Determine and compare the pattern of demographic characteristics and KAP scores of DM without DR to DM with DR groups at the DKI Jakarta Provincial Health Center using a valid and reliable questionnaire.Methods: Subjects were randomized using the cluster random sampling to 17 Community Health Centers in DKI Jakarta Province which had DR screening done for DM patients.

Result: Subject consists of 205 subjects with DR & 210 subjects without DR. There were significant differences between groups of duration of DM, last education, and monthly income towards knowledge. There were significant differences between groups of duration of DM, last education, monthly income, and job towards attitude. There were significant differences between all group variables towards practice. In the group without DR, there was a correlation between knowledge and practice (p <0.001) with a weak correlation (r: 0.37) and there was a correlation between attitude and practice (p <0.001) with a moderate correlation (r: 0.45). In the group with DR, there was a correlation between knowledge and practice (p <0.001) with a weak correlation (r: 0.40) and there was a correlation between attitude and practice (p <0.001) with a moderate correlation (r: 0.45). There was a significant difference in the mean practice score (p: 0.036) between two groups, but there was no significant difference in the mean knowledge and attitude scores.

Conclusion: There were a correlation between knowledge and attitude towards the practice of without DR and with DR groups. There were significant differences in practice between DM with DR and DM without DR groups."

"Penyakit kardiovaskular merupakan penyumbang angka kesakitan dan inkapasitasi pada pilot. Risiko pajanan hipoksia intermiten dan radiasi kosmik dari lingkungan penerbangan tercermin dari jam terbang total dan jenis pesawat. Pajanan stresor kerja berupa jumlah sektor serta jenis penerbangan juga dapat mempengaruhi sistem kardiovaskular. Disertai perubahan kebiasaan berupa berkurangnya durasi tidur dan aktivitas fisik akhirnya dapat menyebabkan tingginya risiko penyakit kardiovaskular. Upaya deteksi dini risiko penyakit kardiovaskular dapat dengan melakukan penghitungan estimasi risiko penyakit kardiovaskular. Studi ini menggunakan desain potong lintang. Data diambil menggunakan kuesioner dari pilot yang melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan berkala pada 12-27 Mei 2022 di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan, Jakarta. Analisis bivariat dan multivariat dilakukan dengan SPSS versi 22. Dari 121 subjek, 66 pilot (54,5%) memiliki risiko penyakit kardiovaskular tinggi. Jam terbang total dan aktivitas fisik secara signifikan memiliki asosiasi dengan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular yang tinggi (p<0,001 dan p=0,003). Keduanya merupakan faktor dominan terhadap risiko penyakit kardiovaskular. Pilot dengan total jam terbang ≥10.850 jam memiliki risiko penyakit kardiovaskular yang tinggi 4,64 kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan jam terbang <10.850 jam (OR= 4.64, 95% CI 2.09-10.26, p<0,001). Sedangkan pilot yang tidak aktif memiliki risiko penyakit kardiovaskular yang tinggi 2,63 kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan pilot yang aktif (OR= 2.63 95% CI 1.18-5.86, p=0,019).

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Cardiovascular disease can cause incapacitation and long-term unfit period for pilots. Hypoxia and cosmic radiation exposure from flight environment reflected in total flight hours. Pilots are also at risk of being exposed to stress that can affect the cardiovascular system, reflected in the number of sectors and the types of flights it undertakes. Together with poor sleep duration and physical activity can finally lead to high cardiovascular disease risk. Early detection can be done by estimating the risk of cardiovascular disease. This was a cross-sectional study. Data were collected from pilots who had renewal medical examination on 12 to 27 May 2022 at the Aviation Medical Center using questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using SPSS version 22. Of 121 subjects, 54.5% (n=66) had a high cardiovascular disease risk. Total flight hours and physical activity were significantly associated with high cardiovascular disease risk (p<0.001 and p=0.003, respectively). Both are dominant factors for the cardiovascular disease risk. Pilots with total flight hours ≥10.850 hours had high cardiovascular disease risk 4.64 times greater than they with <10.850 hours (OR= 4.64, 95% CI 2.09-10.26, p<0.001). Inactive pilots had a high cardiovascular disease risk 2.63 times greater (OR= 2.63, 95% CI 1.18-5.86, p=0.019)."

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Proliferative vitreoretinopathy  (PVR) pada ablasio retina rhegmatogen (ARR) menurunkan tingkat keberhasilan anatomis dan fungsional. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) merupakan pro-fibrotik yang berperan penting dan dapat menjadi target terapi dan masih belum ada data mengenai TGF-β3 pada PVR. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji kadar TGF-β2 dan TGF-β3 pada kasus PVR A dan B.  Penelitian ini berdesain potong lintang pada pasien ARR PVR A dan B yang menjalani vitrektomi di RSCM Kirana. Sampel vitreus diambil intra-operasi dan diperiksa di protein total, TGF-β2 dan TGF-β3 dengan metode ELISA. Didapatkan 20 sampel; 10 mata untuk PVR A dan 10 untuk PVR B. Tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna untuk karakteristik kedua grup maupun berdasarkan TGF-β2 dan TGF-β3. Secara umum didapatkan level TGF-β2 yang lebih tinggi pada PVR A dan B namun tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan (p>0,05). Didapatkan korelasi negatif (Spearman r-0,468)  antara TGF- β2 dengan TGF- β3 pada seluruh grup PVR (p=0,037) namun tidak didapatkan korelasi yang signifikan per grup PVR. Tidak ditemukan perbedaan bermakna antara TGF- β2 dan TGF- β3 dengan primary attachment rate. Tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara TGF- β2 dan 3 pada ARR yang terjadi sebelum atau sesudah 14 hari namun ditemukan tren rasio TGF- β2/protein total yang semakin rendah 14 hari pasca ARR Studi ini merupakan studi pertama yang membandingkan kadar TGF- β2 dan TGF- β3 pada pasien dengan PVR A dan B. Secara tren, ditemukan kadar TGF-β2 yang lebih tinggi pada ARR dengan PVR  B dibanding A dan kadar TGF-β3 yang lebih rendah pada ARR dengan PVR B dibanding A.

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Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) reduces anatomical and functional success rate. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a pro-fibrotic that plays an important role and can be a therapeutic target and there is still no data on TGF-β3 in PVR. This study aims to examine the levels of TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 in cases of PVR A and B. This study used cross-sectional design in ARR PVR A and B patients who underwent vitrectomy at RSCM Kirana. Vitreous samples were taken intra-operatively and examined for total protein, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 using ELISA. A total of 20 samples were obtained; each 10 eyes for PVR A and 10 for PVR B. There were no significant differences in the characteristics of the two groups or based on TGF-β2 and TGF-β3. In general, higher TGF-β2 levels were found in PVR A and B but there was no significant difference (p>0.05). A negative correlation (Spearman r-0.468) was found between TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 in all PVR groups (p=0.037) but no significant correlation was found per PVR group. There was no significant difference between TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 with primary attachment rate. There was no significant difference between TGF-β2 and 3 in ARR that occurred before or after 14 days, but a trend was found in the ratio of TGF-β2/total protein that was getting lower ≥14 days after ARR. This study is the first study to compare TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 levels in patients with PVR A and B. In terms of trend, higher TGF-β2 levels were found in ARR with PVR B compared to A and lower TGF-β3 levels in ARR with PVR B compared to A."

"Latar belakang: Kelainan kornea merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kebutaan dan gangguan penglihatan di Indonesia. Penanganan gangguan penglihatan karena kornea terhambat karena terbatasnya jumlah donor kornea. Pendekatan rumah sakit yang dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku tenaga kesehatan terhadap pelayanan donor kornea dapat menjadi strategi mengatasi kekurangan donor kornea. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku perawat di Rumah Sakit dr. Cipto Mangukusumo (RSCM) terhadap pelayanan donor kornea. Metode penelitian: Pemilihan subjek menggunakan teknik quota sampling dan pengisian kuesioner yang teruji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Hasil: Terdapat 422 responden dengan proporsi unit instalasi gawat darurat, ruang rawat inap intensif, ruang rawat inap non intensif, rawat jalan, dan ruang operasi secara berurutan sebesar 8,3%, 13,7%, 50%, 16,6%, dan 11,4%. Sebagian besar responden memiliki pengetahuan kurang (55,4%), sikap positif (50,2%), dan perilaku baik (59,5%). Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap responden terhadap perilaku, namun tidak terdapat hubungan antara faktor demografi dengan perilaku. Usia ≤ 36 tahun, pengetahuan baik, dan sikap positif merupakan faktor prediktor perilaku baik. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap perilaku perawat RSCM terhadap pelayanan donor kornea di rumah sakit.

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Background: Corneal blindness is one of the leading cause of blindness and visual disturbances in Indonesia. The management of corneal blindness in Indonesia is impeded by the rarity of corneal donor. Hospital approach affected by knowledge, attitude, and practice of health workers could be a strategy to improve the scarcity of corneal donor. Purpose: Determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of nurses in RSCM toward hospital corneal procurement Methods: Subjects are chosen by quota sampling and surveyed with a valid and reliable questionnaire. Results: There were 422 respondents with the proportion of emergency ward, intensive care, non-intensive care, polyclinics of 8.3%, 13.7%, 50%, 16.6%, and 11.4% respectively. Most of the respondent were lacking in knowledge (55.4%), had positive attitude (50.2%), and had good practice (59.5%). There were significant correlation between knowledge and attitude towards practice but no significant correlation found between demographic factors to practice. Age ≤ 36 years old, good knowledge, and positive attitudes are predictor factors for good practice. Conclusion: There were correlation between knowledge and attitude of health workers in RSCM towards practice of corneal donor procurement in hospital."