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Abstrak :
Objective : To examine the effects of continous renal artery occlusion, intermittent occlusion and continuous occlusion with local hypothermia using ice slush on renal proximal tubule damage of wistar rats. Methods : Twenty eight Wistar rats were used. In controls group only laparotomy was performed. In group I, the left renal artery was continuously occluded for 30 minutes then the kidney was surgically removed. In group II, the left renal artery was intermittently occluded for 5 minutes, a release of the occlusion for another 5 minutes for 3 cycles then the kidney was surgically removed. In group IFI the left renal artery was occluded continuously for 30 minutes with local hypothermia using ice slush then the kidney was surgically removed. The degree of the renal proximal tubule damage was examined using x 400 magnification of light microscope. Result : The degree of renal proximal tubular damage was significantly lower in group III compared to group I and II (p = 0,005 and p = 0,005).There was no significant difference of the degree of renal proximal tubule damage between group I and II (p = 0,593). Conclusion : In this study, local hypothermia using ice slush on ischemic kidney was found to be effective in reducing renal tubular damage.

Abstrak :
OBJECTIVE: To determine if Intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP), total prostate volume, transition zone volume and transition zone index is correlated with the severity of clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From January to May 2005, 56 patients with symptom of BPH were enrolled in this study. All patients were requested to undergo urofiowmetry, postvoid residual urine measurement and international Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). TRUS was used to calculate the total prostate volume, transition zone (ZT) volume and the transition zone index (TZ index = TZ volume/total prostate volume). And IPP was measured by transabdominal ultrasonography. RESULT: There were a significant correlation between IPSS and post void residual with total prostate volume, transition zone, transition zone index and intravesical prostatic protrusion. Only transition zone and transition zone index were significant correlation with Q max. Strongest correlation in IPSS and postvoid residual was transition zone (ZT) volume (r = 0.480 and r = 0.621 ) in Q max was transition zone index (r = 0.508). CONCLUSION : From this study there were correlation between intravesical prostatic protrusion, prostate volume, transition zone volume and transition zone index however the correlation is weak.

Abstrak :
Tujuan : Menilai variabilitas pengukuran volume total dan zona transisional prostat dengan ultrasonografi transrektal oleh pemeriksa yang sama dan antar pemeriksa yang berbeda. Metoda : Dilakukan dua kali pengukuran volume total dan zona transisional prostat oleh satu pemeriksa yang sama dan oleh dua pemeriksa yang berbeda pada 30 pasien yang berkunjung ke klinik Urologi RS Hasan Sadikin, Bandung Hasil : Rerata pengukuran volume total dan zona transisional prostat pada satu pemeriksa adalah 45,7 ± 19,2 ml dengan kisaran antara 18,1 hingga 89,7 ml (median 44,1) dan 16,9 ± 10,3 ml dengan kisaran antara 3,1 hingga 34,6 ml (median 14,3), sedangkan pada dua pemeriksa adalah 45,9 ± 19,3 ml dengan kisaran antara 18,3 hingga 89,8 ml (median 44,1) dan 16,9 ± 10,2m1 dengan kisaran antara 3,1 hingga 34,6 ml(median 14,5). Beda rerata plus/minus simpang baku pengukuran volume total dan zone transisional prostat pada pemeriksa yang sama adalah -0,2 ± 1,0 dan -0,1 ± 0,1, sedangkan pada pemeriksa yang berbeda adalah -0,6 ± 2,2 dan 0,1 ± 1,7. Interval Kepercayaan (IK) 95% pengukuran volume total dan zone transisional prostat pada pemeriksa yang sama antara -0,52 hingga 0,14 dan antara -0,53 hingga 0,65 sedangkan pada pemeriksa yang berbeda antara -1,35 hingga 0,21 dan antara -0,53 hingga 0,65. Kesimpulan : Didapatkan variasi yang cukup lebar dalam pengukuran volume total dan zona transisional prostat terutama antar pemeriksa yang berbeda dibandingkan dengan pemeriksa yang sama, walaupun demikian pengukuran dengan ultrasonografi transrektal cukup diandalkan dalam menilai volume prostate.

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Objective : To assess the intra-examiner and inter-examiner factor in the measurement of prostate volume using transrectal ultrasound. Method : Total prostate volume and transition zone volume were measured by the first examiner (measurement I), followed by the second examiner (measurement II). Afterward the same measurements were conducted again by the first examiner (measurement III). The whole procedure were done on 30 patients in the TRUS Unit of The Department of Urology, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung. Result : The mean total prostate volume and transition zone volume measured by the same examiner (Measurement I and Measurement III) were 45.67(±19.2) ml, ranged from 18.05 to 89.68 with a median of 44.18 ml and 16.92(±10.3) ml, ranged from 3.13 to 34.64 with a median of 14.30 ml. The mean total prostate volume and transitional zone volume measured by different examiners (Measurement I and Measurement II) were 45.86(±19.3) ml, ranged from 18.30 to 89.77 with a median of 44.18 ml and 16.8(±10.3) ml, ranged from 3.18 to 34.55 with a median of 14.51 ml. The mean difference between Measurement 1 and Measurement III using a Confidence Interval (CI) of 95 % were -0,20(±0,1),(-0.52-0.14) ml for total prostate volume and -0.07(±0.7) ml), (-0.38-0.16) ml for transitional zone volume. The mean difference between Measurement I and Measurement II using a Confidence Interval (CI) of 95 % were -0.57(±2.2) ml, (-1.35-0.21) ml for total prostate volume and -0.07(±1.7) ml, (-4.01-3.55) ml, for transition volume. Conclusion : A considerable difference between the measurement by total and transitional zone volume of the prostate were shown if performed repeatedly by the same examiner as well as by different examiner. The variation is greater in measurement conducted by different examiner compared to the one conduct by the same examiner.