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Abstrak :
A research on the desiccation sensitivity and cryopreservation ability of rambutan excised embryo have been conducted. Excised embryo was desiccated into target moisture content of 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%. It was found that the critical level for moisture content is 20% with 60% viability, 7.431 % per etmal growth rate and 929 µs electric conduction. The excised embryo with 20% moisture content was them soaked in 3 different protectant and stored in cryotube. The result showed that the temperature success storage was on - 10°C for 10 hours with 95.7%-100% viability. Storage at -20°C the same soaking time (10 hours) gave only 10% viability. It is concluded that excised embryo of rambutan seeds will not be successful in cryopreservation.Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L) is a fruit native to the Malesian region. It has many botanical relatives including the "rambutan Irian or Matoa". Based on its storage characteristic the rambutan seeds are categorized into recalsitrant seed. This seed is unable to germinate when dried and stored at low temperature. However one of the best method known to store seeds is to put them in liquid nitrogen in a dry condition. This method is called cryopreservation and it is usually done after certain chemical have been added to the seeds as a tissue protectant. Based on this evidence a research on how rambutan seed could stand cryopreservation has been conducted. Two kinds of laboratory procedure were done. The first was to investigate on how rambutan excised embryo could withstand drying. Excised embryo were desiccated into target moisture content of 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, and 10%_ The observation focus on parameter observed were the percentage of viability, growth rate and electric conductiveness, The result show, that excised embryo of rambutan seeds were still capable to germinate on 20% of water content with 60% viability, 7.431% per etmal growth rate and 929 Its value of electric conduction. The second procedure aim to know the best protectants to be used as well as the lowest temperature that the excised embryo could withstand. The excised embryo were given three kinds of protectants, Le. sucrose, glycerol and combination of sucrose and glycerol, for 2,5,10,15 and 18 hours soaking time respectively. This lot of excised embryo was then divided into groups and each group were stared in - 10°C and -20°C respectively. Statistical analysis shows that the interaction between type of protectan and soaking time and storage at -10°C is significant for the value of p < 0.05. It was found that 10 hours soaking time of gave the best percentage of viability (with the application 100% sucrose, 96.7% glycerol, 96.7% combination of the chemical) and low value of electric conductiveness (43.33 µs, 36.00 µs and 35.67µs respectively). However the soaking time of 5, 15, and 18 hours did not give a good result, When stored at -20°C and 10 hours soaking time of the viability went down to 6-10%. Other combination of soaking time gave 0% viability. It can be then concluded that rambutan excised embryo can only be dried down to 20% moisture content without significant damage. Subsequent storage at - 20oC gave a survival level of 6-10% viability. However, a future investigation on its cryopreservation method is proposed.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Pentingnya penyimpanan biji telah dikenal manusia semenjak manusia mulai mendomestikasi tumbuhan. Telah diketahui bentuk hubungan antara kadar air dan viabilitas pada biji utuh dan potongan biji yang mengandung embrio Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Viabilitas diukur dengan nilai daya hantar listrik (DHL atau konduktivitas). Setiap 1,5 jam sekali dilakukan pengamatan terhadap kadar air biji dan nilai DHL yang dilakukan sampai waktu pengeringan 6 jam melalui 3 macam metode pengeringan (silica gel, matahari, dan oven suhu 40°C). Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan nyata antara kadar air awal biji utuh dan kadar air awal dan potongan biji yang mengandung embrio. Dari ketiga metode pengeringan, silica gel mengeringkan material paling cepat, diikuti pengeringan dengan matahari, dan oven. Bentuk potongan biji yang mengandung embrio lebih cepat mengering daripada biji utuh. Kerentanan biji Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. terhadap pengeringan memperlihatkan bentuk model regresi yang berbeda antara biji utuh dan potongan biji yang mengandung embrio. Kadar air diduga melalui perhitungan berat kering. Diperoleh hasil bahwa bentuk hubungan yang terjadi pads biji utuh adalah sesuai dengan model Y = 1339,544 - 22,1332X dengan koefisien determinasi sebesar 0,978, sedangkan pada potongan biji yang mengandung embrio adalah mengikuti model Y=965,575 - 14,772X dengan koefisien determinasi sebesar 0,948. Ada pun X adalah peubah kadar air (peubah bebas) dengan Y sebagai peubah viabilitas dengan nilai DHL (peubah). Biji nangka mampu bertahan pada suhu 14°C dengan viabilitas 100% dalam kondisi kadar air tanpa pengeringan dan kadar air 50% selama dua bulan atau lebih. Walau pun demikian kadar air kondisi tanpa pengeringan masih tetap mampu bertahan pada suhu 26°C selama dua bulan. Kadar air awal biji berpengaruh nyata dalam menentukan viabilitas biji selama disimpan.

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ABSTRACT Seed is the most convenient part of the plant to store and have been known to survive for many weeks. The basic principles of a seed bank are to collect, conserve and provide or exchange germplasm. Seed can be deposited for different periods - short, mid, and long term for different purposes. The longevity of seed is considerable. Seed can be classified into two groups, orthodox and recalcitrant. Many of seed of tropical tree is recalcitrant. Because many tree species in tropic have the economic value, so study of recalcitrant seed is needed. The aim of this study was to find out the relationship between the seed moisture content decreased with the viability decreased. Therefore, the results can be used as a basic information for the further research. The research was conducted on two kind of material, the excised embryo and whole seed. Each of those materials was desiccated with three kind of desiccation methods - silica gel, sun, and oven_ The viability is known by a conductivity value. The effect of desiccation on storability of recalcitrant seed of Artocarpus heterophyllus was studied. As the seed moisture of A. heterophyllus decreased, viability decreased while conductivity value increased. The excised embryo could be desiccated more rapidly rather than whole seed. The silica gel seem to be efective method for seed drying than that of the sun and the oven. Whole seeds were stored in sealed thin plastic container. Seed with seed coat could germinate on 26°C in one month. In sealed container there were no significantly different of moisture content during eight weeks storage or more. Seed without desiccation is best for maintaining their viability especially at 14°C in sealed container.