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Abstrak :
Aplikasi Marka Molekuler untuk Seleksi Ketahanan Blast pada Populasi Padi Haploid Ganda. Penyakit blast, yang disebabkan oleh jamur Pyricularia grisea Sacc., merupakan salah satu penyakit yang paling merusak padi. Penggunaan varietas padi tahan blast adalah salah satu cara yang paling efisien untuk mengendalikan penyakit blast pada padi. Padi tahan blast dapat dihasilkan melalui pemuliaan. Penggunaan marker-assisted selection (MAS) tersedia untuk mendukung seleksi galur tahan berdasarkan gen ketahanan. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah membandingkan respons ketahanan galur haploid ganda dengan varietas diferensial terhadap tiga ras blast Indonesia dan untuk mengidentifikasi gen-gen ketahanan yang menyebabkan ketahanan terhadap blast berdasarkan respon ketahanan dan evaluasi genotipe menggunakan marka molekuler. Empat puluh sembilan galur haploid ganda hasil persilangan ganda IR54/Parekaligolara//Bio110/Markuti diseleksi menggunakan marka molekuler berdasarkan gen target: Pib, Pi1, Pi2, Pi9, Pi33, Pir4, dan Pir7. Untuk membandingkan seleksi fenotipe, sepuluh galur monogenik LTH dari varietas diferensial digunakan. Semua tanaman diinokulasi dengan tiga ras blast yang diisolasi dari Indonesia. Hasil menunjukkan gen Pib berkontribusi membentuk ketahanan terhadap ras 123, sedangkan gen Pi1dan Pir7 berkontribusi membentuk ketahanan terhadap ras 123 dan 133. Gen Pi2, Pi9, Pi33, dan Pir4 tidak bertanggung jawab dengan ketahanan terhadap ras 123, 133, dan 173.

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Blast disease, caused by fungal Pyricularia grisea Sacc., is one of the most devastating diseases in rice. The use of blast-resistant rice varieties is one of the most efficient ways to control blast disease in rice. Blast-resistant varieties can be produced through breeding. The use of marker-assisted selection (MAS) available to support selection of resistant lines based on resistance gene. The objective of this research was to compare the resistance response of the double haploid lines with the differential varieties to three selected Indonesian blast races and to identify the resistance genes caused the resistance to blast based on the resistance response and the genotype evaluation using molecular markers. Forty-nine double haploid lines from a double crossing IR54/Parekaligolara//Bio110/Markuti were selected using molecular markers based on the targeted genes Pib, Pi1, Pi2, Pi9, Pi33, Pir4, and Pir7. To compare the phenotype selection, ten LTH monogenic lines of differential varieties were used. All plants tested were inoculated by three selected Indonesian blast races. The results show that the Pib gene caused a resistance to race 123, while the Pi1 and Pir7 genes caused a resistance to race 123 and 133. The Pi2, Pi9, Pi33, and Pir4 genes did not cause a resistance to race 123, 133, or 173.

Abstrak :
Jatropha is one of the many biodiesel plants developed in tropical countries. Efforts to increase its productivity can be done using various methods of breeding. One of the breeding methods is the introduction of genes into the Jatropha plant. The aim of this study is to assess the success of genetic transformation using the Inhibitor of Meristem Activity (IMA) gene in Jatropha curcas. The research procedures included inoculation of explants with Agrobacterium tumefaciens, callus induction, screening test of selection media, regeneration, and gene expression analysis using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). IMA is one of the genes that controls flowering genes and ovule development. It was first isolated from tomato plants and has been successfully overexpressed in these plants using the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. In this experiment, plant transformation was performed on J. curcas as the target. Explant callus formation in both the control and treated samples was good, but shoot formation decreased dramatically in the treated explants. PCR analysis indicated that IMA genes can be inserted into J. curcas with the size of the IMA gene is 500 bp.

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Transformasi Gen Inhibitor of Meristem Activity ke Tanaman Jatropha curcas L. Jarak Pagar merupakan salah satu tanaman penghasil biodiesel yang banyak dikembangkan di beberapa negara tropis. Usaha peningkatan produktivitasnya terus ditingkatkan dengan berbagai metode pemuliaan. Salah satu metode pemuliaan tersebut adalah dengan menyisipkan gen-gen yang unggul ke tanaman Jarak Pagar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat keberhasilan transformasi genetik yang menggunakan gen IMA (Inhibitory Meristem Activity) ke dalam tanaman Jatropha curcas L. Tahapan penelitian meliputi inokulasi eksplan dengan Agrobacterium tumefaciens, induksi kalus, seleksi, regenerasi, dan analisis ekspresi gen IMA dengan metode Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Gen IMA merupakan salah satu gen yang dapat mengontrol pembungaan dan perkembangan ovul. Gen ini diisolasi pertama kali dari tanaman tomat dan peningkatan ekspresi telah berhasil dilakukan pada tanaman tomat itu sendiri menggunakan promoter 35S Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV). Pada percobaan ini dilakukan transformasi gen ke dalam tanaman target J. curcas. Pembentukan kalus pada menunjukkan hasil yang baik eksplan kontrol dan eksplan yang mengalami perlakuan, tetapi pada eksplan perlakuan hasil sangat menurun pada tahap pembentukan tunas. Analisis dengan PCR mengindikasikan bahwa gen IMA dapat disisipkan ke J. curcas dengan ukuran gen IMA sebesar 500 bp.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Actin is a major component of the plant cytoskeleton, so all cells contain this protein. Actin is expressed constitutively and is involved in basic housekeeping functions required for cell maintenance. Because of this, it has been frequently used as an internal control to normalize changes in gene expressions analysis. Actually, the information of nucleotide sequence of actin gene of Jatropha curcas L. population IP-2P from Indonesia is not available yet. The objective of this research was to isolate, clone and characterize cDNA of actin genes of J. curcas IP-2P. Three partial actin gene sequences had been successfully isolated by PCR using total cDNA as template, and actin primer designed from conserved region of Arabidopsis thaliana. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the length of JcACT fragment is 610, 534, and 701 bp encoding 203, 177, and 234 amino acids respectively. Local alignment analysis based on mRNA sequences shows that JcACT fragment shares 98% similarity with actin mRNA of Hevea brasiliensis and 99% with actin mRNA of Ricinus communis. Based on deduced amino acid sequence, JcACT is 100% identical to acting from Prunus salicina, Gossypium hirsutum, and Betula luminifera. Even though these clones of cDNA are not completed yet, they can be used as reference in J. curcas L. gene expression analysis.