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Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan karakteristik mekanik komposit serat alam khususnya serat rami dengan matriks epoksi yang akan diaplikasikan sebagai bahan alternatif pada desain soket prostesis. Fokus penelitian adalah pengujian komposit lamina serat rami epoksi mengacu standar American Society for Testing Material (ASTM) D3039/D 3039M untuk pengujian tarik dan ASTM D 4255/D 4255M-83 untuk pengujian geser. Serat rami yang digunakan adalah serat kontinyu dengan kode produksi 100% Ne 14?S, menggunakan matriks berupa Epoxy Resin Bakelite EPR 174 dan Epoxy Hardener V-140. Metode pembuatan sampel uji komposit lamina dengan cara hand lay up terhadap serat rami kontinyu pada suhu kamar. Hasil pengujian karakteristik mekanik komposit serat rami epoksi akan dibandingkan dengan standard ISO untuk bahan plastik/polymer yang diaplikasikan pada bidang kesehatan, khususnya untuk Prosthetics dan Orthotics. Analisis dilengkapi dengan hasil pengamatan berbantuan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) untuk mengetahui modus kegagalan dan kriteria kegagalan. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian dapat disimpulkan bahwa komposit lamina serat rami epoksi berpotensi untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai material alternatif dalam pembuatan soket prostesis atas lutut pada Vf 40-50%. Hasil penelitian akan dibahas secara lebih detail dalam makalah ini.

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This paper presents an investigation into the application of natural fiber composite especially ramie fiber reinforced epoxy lamina composite for socket prosthesis. The research focuses on the tensile and shear strength from ramie fiber reinforced epoxy lamina composite which will be applied as alternative material for socket prosthesis. The research based on American Society for Testing Material (ASTM) standard D 3039/D 3039M for tensile strength and ASTM D 4255/D 4255M-83 for shear strength. The ramie fiber applied is a fiber continue 100 % Ne14'S with Epoxy Resin Bakelite EPR 174 as matrix and Epoxy Hardener V-140 as hardener. The sample composite test made by hand lay up method. Multiaxial characteristic from ramie fiber reinforced epoxy composite will be compared with ISO standard for plastic/polymer for health application and refers strength of material application at Prosthetics and Orthotics. The analysis was completed with the mode of the failure and the failure criterion observation by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Based on results of the research could be concluded that ramie fiber reinforced epoxy composite could be developed further as the alternative material for socket prosthesis on Vf 40-50%. Results of the research will be discussed in more detail in this paper.

Abstrak :
This study aimed to determine the effect of using acrylonitrile butadiene styrene in place of conventional wax material on treatment pattern removal in the investment casting process. There are three controllable process variables that can affect treatment pattern removal, which include temperature increase, holding time and the number of layers of ceramic shell that have been considered for comparison. Comparison among the effects of temperature increase, holding time and numbers of ceramic shell layers on the ceramic shell was analyzed using ANOVA. It was found that temperature increase (Tx), holding time (t) and number of layers of ceramic shell (N) contribute significantly to the length of the crack (l) on the ceramic shell. The crack in the ceramic shell?s surface was analyzed using scanning electron microscope photos. Less layers number cause the increase of crack length. The combination between temperature upraise and longer holding time cause cracking delay. The experimental is conducted by using 3 (three) variants for each of layers number, temperature and holding time. The layers number is ranging between 7-9 layers. Temperature increase from room temperature until 1300oC. The layers number variant is ranging between 180-300 seconds. It was concluded that a longer holding time will result in a more intact ceramic shell, as longer holding times yield short crack lengths.

Abstrak :
Socket merupakan bagian terpenting dalam pembuatan prosthesis. Kriteria bahan socket prosthesis antara lain kekuatan, ketahanan, ringan, kenyamanan dan biaya produksi yang rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kekuatan komposit laminate berpenguat serat rami epoksi sebagai bahan alternatif socket prosthesis. Pengujian kekuatan mengacu standar ASTM D 3039/D 3039M uji tarik dan ASTM D 695 uji tekan. Serat rami yang digunakan berupa serat kontinyu jenis ramie 100 % Ne.14?S dengan matriks Epoxy Resin Bakelite EPR 174 dan Epoxy Hardener V-140. Sampel uji dibuat dengan metode hand lay-up. Hasil pengujian ditampilkan dalam berbentuk hubungan kekuatan tarik (σt), tekan (σc), modulus elastisitas (E) versus fraksi volume serat (Vf). Hasil pengujian akan dibandingkan dengan kekuatan beberapa bahan prosthesis yang diproduksi oleh Otto Bock. Modus kegagalan diamati dengan bantuan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Berdasarkan pengujian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa komposit berpenguat rami epoksi berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai bahan socket prosthesis pada Vf 40?50%. Kekuatan tarik dan spesific strength yang dihasilkan lebih tinggi dari beberapa bahan prosthesis termasuk fiberglass. Modus kegagalan yang terjadi adalah brittle failure (getas) pada Vf : 10-30%, debonding (ikatan lepas) dan delaminasi pada Vf : 40-50%.

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Socket is the most important component in a prosthesis making. Performance criteria for prosthetic socket material include strength, durability, minimal weight, comfort, and minimal fabrication cost. This research attempts to analyze the strength of ramie fiber reinforced epoxy laminate composite as an alternative of socket prosthesis. The research based on ASTM D 3039/D 3039M for tensile strength and ASTM D 695 for compressive strength. The ramie fiber used was a continuous fiber 100 % Ne14'S, with Epoxy Resin Bakelite EPR 174 and Epoxy Hardener V-140. The sample test was created using a hand lay-up method. The result of this research is presented in a correlation of finsile strength (σt), compression strength (σc), elasticity modulus (E) versus fraction volume of fiber (Vf). The result is then being compared with some of the prosthesis material?s strength produced by Otto Bock. The analysis was completed with the mode of the failure observation by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The result concludes that the ramie fiber reinforced epoxy laminate composite is potentially developed further as a socket prosthesis material on Vf 40 ? 50 %. Tensile strength and specific strength that has been generated was higher than that of several materias for socket prosthesis, including fiberglass. The mode of the failure found were a brittle failure on Vf: 10-30%, debonding and delamination on Vf: 40-50%.