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"Dalam setiap aktivitas pertambangan, terdapat potensi bahaya yang menimbulkan risiko terjadinya kecelakaan. Jenis kecelakaan menabrak merupakan kecelakaan yang banyak terjadi pada operasi lalu lintas tambang jobsite PT SS (41%) dan kejadiannya cenderung berulang. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang sistem pertahanan dalam mencegah kecelakaan sesuai dengan kerangka pikir Swiss Cheese Model. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif melalui analisis data kecelakan lalu lintas tambang di salah satu jobsite di PT SS, suatu perusahaan kontraktor pertambangan batubara terbuka, dengan menggunakan Human Factors Analysis and Classification System in Mining Industry (HFACS-MI). Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan terhadap 53 kasus kecelakaan lalu lintas tambang, permasalahan yang banyak ditemukan di antaranya adalah skill-based error, adverse mental states, coordination and communication, inadequate leadership, dan organization process. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa sistem pertahanan yang ada untuk mencegah kecelakaan lalu lintas tambang masih belum optimal. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan perbaikan sistem pertahanan, baik yang ditargetkan kepada individu ataupun organisasi, agar risiko kecelakaan dapat dikendalikan.

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In mining process activities, there are potential hazards that poses a risk to be an accident. Collision is one of accident types that frequently happen on mining traffic operations jobsite PT SS (41%) and it has tendency to occur repeatedly. This study aimed to gain an overview of defences system in preventing accidents according to Swiss Cheese Model framework. The research was conducted with a qualitative approach through mining traffic accident data analysis in one of jobsite in PT SS, an open coal mining contractor company, using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System in Mining Industry (HFACS-MI).

Based on the analysis of 53 cases of mining traffic accidents, revealed that the most common problems were skill-based errors, adverse mental states, coordination and communication, inadequate leadership, and organization process. It can be concluded that the existing defences system to prevent mining traffic accidents has not been optimal yet. Therefore, defences system improvement, either targeted to the individual or organizational, is needed to control accident risk."

"Behavior Based Safety (BBS) adalah salah satu proaktif proses/program yang digunakan secara luas di industri untuk upaya peningkatkan keselamatan kerja dan lingkungan melalui peningkatan perilaku aman dan mengurangi perilaku berisiko pada tempat kerja. Program ini dimulai dengan pembentukan tim pelaksana, pembuatan lembar observasi, dan pelatihan observasi bagi pekerja sebagai aspek input. Kemudian untuk aspek proses meliputi jalannya kegiatan observasi, keaktifan tim pelaksana, hasil observasi dan bimbingan (coaching). Aspek output yakni kepatuhan dalam observasi, tingkat partisipasi, persentase (%) perilaku aman, Total Recordable Incident (TRI) rate, dan review berkelanjutan (sustainability review). Tesis ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan hasil evaluasi atas implementasi Behavior Based Safety (BBS) program dilihat dari aspek input ? proses ? output pada pekerja PT.Chevron Indonesia Company Kalimantan Timur tahun 2014. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan, Aspek input berjalan baik sesuai dengan panduan, bahkan pemahaman akan pelatihan mendapatkan hasil sangat baik. Aspek proses, terdapat 30% anggota tim pengarah yang pasif, 10% hasil observasi tidak memenuhi kriteria observasi yang berkualitas, ada peningkatan jumlah bimbingan 66%. Aspek output; partisipasi yang hampir 100% karena observasi diwajibkan oleh manajemen, peningkatan perilaku aman 0.3% - 0.4% dari tahun sebelumnya, TRI rate menunjukan trending penurunan overall 40% sejak penerapan program di Kalimantan dan hasil review berkelanjutan yang mendapat hasil kenaikan kelulusan untuk kriteria tim pelaksana, lembar observasi, training, komunikasi, serta analisa data sedangkan yang tidak lulus adalah kriteria dukungan manajemen, tindak lanjut komentar yang membutuhkan tindak lanjut dan penghargaan kepada observer dan tim pelaksana. Program BBS yang sudah dijalankan lebih 6 tahun ini menunjukan tanda-tanda penuaan atau membosankan diperlukan dukungan manajemen untuk memperkuat peran BBS dalam mencapai tujuan yang diharapkan.

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Behavior Based Safety (BBS) is one of proactive process/program that is used widely in industry as efforts to increase workplace safety and the environment through the increasing of safe behavior and reducing risk behaviors in the workplace. The program started with the establishment of implementation team, develop observation sheets, and observation training for workers as input aspect. Then aspects of the process included activities of observation, effectiveness of the implementation team, result of observation and coaching. The output aspect are compliance to submit observation, the participation rate, the percentage (%) safe behavior, Total Recordable Incident (TRI) rate and sustainability review.

Aims of this thesis is to obtain an evaluation of the implementation of Behavior Based Safety (BBS) program reviewed from the aspect input - process - output on workers PT.Chevron East Kalimantan Indonesia Company in 2014.

Results of this research, in all aspect input items were well done accordance with the reference, understanding the training get very good. Aspects of the process, there was 30% passive steering team members, 10% of the observations not meet the criteria of quality observation, increasing of 66% coaching activities. Aspects output; the participation of nearly 100% since observations is mandatory, increasing in safe behavior 0.3% - 0.4% from the previous year, the TRI rate shows decline trending of 40% overall since the implementation of the program in Kalimantan and the results of sustainability review that gets the results of the increase in pass to the criteria of the implementation team, observation sheets, training, communication, and data analysis while not pass criteria are management support, follow-up comments that require follow-up steering team and regocnize appreciation to the observer and the implementation team.

BBS programs that have been run over 6 years is showing signs of aging or boring which is management support needed to strengthen the role of BBS in achieving the desired objectives."

"Kegiatan industri tidak terlepas dari adanya bahaya dan pajanan risiko yang berpotensi kecelakaan, termasuk pertambangan. Perkembangan resilience secara teoritis dan praktis dalam pengelolaan risiko. Adanya bahaya berisiko tinggi di berbagai industri dan tuntutan efisiensi biaya diperlukan sebuah pendekatan baru dalam pengelolaan keselamatan, termasuk program safety culture. Sebuah pendekatan pengelolaan keselamatan baru tersebut adalah pendekatan Safety-I (safety culture) menjadi Safety-II (culture of resilience) (Hollnagel, 2013; 2015). Pendekatan yang memasukkan prinsip resilience pada safety culture. Perkembangan safety culture model secara teori dan praktis. PT Harmoni Panca Utama (HPU) telah mengembangkan program budaya keselamatan dan berpandangan bahwa safety culture model terdiri dari 3 (tiga) faktor pembentuk utama, yaitu: attitude, management infrastructure & technology; dan HSE Management System beserta belum mempertimbangkan aspek pendekatan baru berbasis prinsip resilience. Kajian faktor permbentuk utama terhadap safety culture model yang berindikator berbasis prinsip resilience merupakan tujuan penelitian ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan mix methode, analisa kualitatif dan principal component analysis (PCA). Hasilnya bahwa safety culture model di HPU masih sesuai dengan perkembangan ilmiah saat ini dengan beberapa penyederhanaan. Dari PCA diperoleh 3 komponen yang indikator faktor pembentuknya sebanyak 29 variable telah ditambahkan 4 prinsip resilience, yaitu: respon, monitor, learn, dan anticipate. Hanya komponen 1 yang reliable, sementara Komponen 2 & 3 tidak. Hal ini dimungkinkan karena indikator faktor pada komponen satu dan lainnya saling berkaitan atau karena Komponen 2 & 3 berindikator faktor sedikit (3-4 variabel). Dari 397 responden, hasil uji reliabilitas untuk total indikator faktor pembentuk, nilai alpha cronbach 0,798 (reliable) dan uji validitas (r) dibawah nilai kritis pada masing2 pertanyaan/variable.

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Industrial activities are inseparable from potential hazards and risk exposures, including mining. Today, the study of the development of resilience is theoretically and practically in risk management. The presence of high-risk hazards in various industries and cost-efficiency demands required a new approach to safety management, including safety culture programs. A new approach to safety management is the Safety-I approach (safety culture) to Safety-II (culture of resilience) (Hollnagel, 2013, 2015) which is an approach that incorporates the principle of resistance to safety culture. Today also the development of security culture model in theoretically and practically. PT. Harmoni Panca Utama (HPU) has developed a safety culture program and believes that the safety culture model consists of 3 (three) dominant form factors, including: attitude, management infrastructure & technology; and HSE management system. That model has not considered a new aspect of resilience principle based approach. The study of the major factor in the form of safety culture model founded on the resilience principle is the purpose of this study.

This research uses mix methods, qualitative analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). The result that the safety culture model in HPU is still following current scientific development with some simplification. Adding four principles of resilience, namely: respond, monitor, learn and anticipate from the PCA that obtained three components that the fundamental factors of 29 variables. Only Component 1 is reliable, while Components 2 & 3 do not. Otherwise, the researcher will still use 3 components or main factors based on literature review. This result is possible because the factor indicators on one component and the other are interrelated or because Components 2 & 3 are slightly indicator factors (3-4 variables). From 397 respondents, reliability test results for total indicators of the factor, alpha's Cronbach value 0.798 (reliable) and validity test (r) below the critical value of each question/variable."

"[CHESM (Contractor of Health Environment and Safety Management) adalah suatu bentuk CSMS (Contractor Safety Management System) dari PT CICo untuk memastikan keselamatan kerja kontraktor yang bekerja di lingkunganya. Tesis ini membahas kinerja pemilik kontrak di CICo pada saat pelaksanaan program CHESM untuk masing masing kontraknya. Penilaian kinerja ditinjau dari aspek kinerja tugas, kinerja kontekstual, kinerja adaptif dan tindakan kontra-produktif. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menggambarkan bagaimana pelaksanaan CHESM oleh tiga pemilik kontrak yang berbeda-beda posisi dan struktur organisasinya di PT CICo. Hasil dari penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa semua pemilik kontrak keahlian yang memadai untuk menjalankan tugasnya, namun kesuksesan kinerjanya sangat tergantung pada dukungan struktur organisasi, pendelegasian tugas yang jelas serta pembatasan jumlah kontrak sesuai dengan kapasitasnya untuk bisa menjalankan semua tanggungjawabnya sebagai pemilik kontrak untuk memastikan keselamatan kerja kontraktor-kontraktornya;CHESM (Contractor of Health Environment and Safety Management) is a PT CICo’s CSMS (Contractor Safety Management System) to ensure the safety of their contractors while working in their working areas. This thesis is to review the performance of contract owners in PT CICo when performing CHESM program for their contracts. This performance evaluation is accessed form its task performance, contextual performance, adaptive performance and counter-productive behavior. This research is a quantitative research. This research explain how three contract owners from different position and organization structur perform their CHESM roles. The research shows that all contract owners have a capability to run their job meeting the company’s target, but its performance will be better if they are supported with the organization design, clear delegation procedures among the parties and amount of their contracts is limted based on their capacity to perform totally their task as a contract owner ensuring their contractors safely while working in PT CICo., CHESM (Contractor of Health Environment and Safety Management) is a PT CICo’s CSMS (Contractor Safety Management System) to ensure the safety of their contractors while working in their working areas. This thesis is to review the performance of contract owners in PT CICo when performing CHESM program for their contracts. This performance evaluation is accessed form its task performance, contextual performance, adaptive performance and counter-productive behavior. This research is a quantitative research. This research explain how three contract owners from different position and organization structur perform their CHESM roles. The research shows that all contract owners have a capability to run their job meeting the company’s target, but its performance will be better if they are supported with the organization design, clear delegation procedures among the parties and amount of their contracts is limted based on their capacity to perform totally their task as a contract owner ensuring their contractors safely while working in PT CICo.]"

"ABSTRAKTesis ini melakukan kajian mendalam Panca Nirbhaya yaitu sistem manajemen keselamatan pertambangan di PT HPU yang merupakan salah satu perusahaan jasa pertambangan di Indonesia. Kajian yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode analisa kualitatif dengan melakukan analisa gap dan Kajian Panca Nirbhaya terhadap OHS Management System Theories berbasis resilience. Pada penelitian ini metode kualitatif digunakan untuk menilai keefetifan dan kehandalan Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja PT HPU Panca Nirbhaya .Dalam OHS Management System dikena suatu konsep Sistem Manajemen K3 yang ber prinsip resilience yang dikenal dengan Safety I dan Safety II. Kajian yang dilakukan adalah melihat secara mendalam konten dalam standar di Panca Nirbhaya berada dalam Safety I atau Safety II. Konsep Safety Management Sistem berbasis resilience memberikan pandangan tentang Safety I dan Safety II, yaitu Safety I sangat berkonsentrasi pada ldquo;hal yang buruk rdquo;, maka ketiadaan hal yang buruk dianggap sebagai sebuah prestasi sedangkan Safety II berfokus memastikan hal yang sudah baik terus menjadi baik. Selain itu juga mengkaji Panca Nirbhaya secara prinsip resilience apakah standar mampu merespon setiap kondisi/aktivitas baik yang bersifat rutin dan tidak rutin dengan cara yang efektif, sistem mampu mengambil pelajaran/mampu belajar dari peristiwa yang telah terjadi, mengerti benar apa yang terjadi dan mengapa hal tersebut terjadi, sistem mampu memantau perkembangan jangka pendek dan ancaman yang mungkin terjadi serta mampu mengantisipasi ancaman jangka panjang dan melihat peluang untuk perbaikan.Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa sebagain besar sub elemen dalam Panca Nirbhaya sudah berada di Safety II yaitu sebanyak 37 sub elemen, serta 18 elemen masih berada di Safety I. Sub elemen yang masih berada di Safety I tersebut masih belum mengakomodir kriteria ndash; kriteria yang dalam konsep resilience safety II terutama dalam hal antisipasi yang harus dilakukan organisasi kedepan/jangka panjang serta mengakomodir hal-hal lain yang bersifat inisiatif dan improvement yang bisa dilakukan organisasi. Semua sub elemen yang masih berada di Safety I tersebut, perlu dirubah dan ditambahkan agar sub elemen tersebut bisa memperkuat sistem pertahanan yang telah ada diperusahaan, sehingga sistem Panca Nirbhaya menjadi suatu sistem yang telah berbasis prinsip resilience.

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ABSTRACT This thesis do a deep study to Panca Nirbhaya mining safety management systems namely PT HPU which is one of the mining service companies in Indonesia. Studies conducted using qualitative analysis method with Study and gap analysis Panca Nirbhaya to OHS Management System resilience based on Theories. In this research, qualitative methods were used to assess the effectiveness and reliability of safety and occupational health management systems PT HPU Panca Nirbhaya .In the OHS Management System management system, there is a K3 management systems concept with the resilience principled, known as Safety I and Safety II. The review undertaken is to look deeply into the content in the standard at Panca Nirbhaya are in Safety I or II Safety. The concept of Safety Management Systems based on resilience gives the view of Safety I and Safety II, that is Safety I which very concentrated on the bad thing , then the absence of a bad thing is considered an achievement while Safety II focuses ensure good things continue to be good. It also examines the Panca Nirbhaya in resilience principle whether standard able to respond any condition good activities which are routine and not routine in a way that is effective, the system is able to take the lessons capable of learning from the event has happened, understand correctly what happened and why it happened, the system is able to monitor short term developments and threats that may occur as well as being able to anticipate a long term threat and see opportunities for improvement.The result show that most of the sub elements in Panca Nirbhaya are already in Safety II, ie as many as 37 sub elements, and 18 elements are still in Safety I. Sub elements that remain in Safety I are still accommodating the criteria in the concept of resilience safety II especially in anticipation of the future organization should do long term as well as accommodating the other things which are initiatives and improvement that could be made of the organization. All sub elements that remain in Safety I need to be changed and added so that the sub elements can strengthen the existing defense system in the company, so the Panca Nirbhaya system becomes a system that has been based on the principle of resilience."

"Nama : Ardian Yoga BharataProgram Studi : Magister Keselamatan dan Kesehatan KerjaJudul : Kajian Panca Nirbhaya HSE Management System PT. HarmoniPanca Utama Terhadap OHS Management System Theories BerbasisPrinsip ResiliencePembimbing : Drs. Psi Ridwan Zahdi Sjaaf, MPHTesis ini melakukan kajian mendalam Panca Nirbhaya yaitu sistem manajemenkeselamatan pertambangan di PT HPU yang merupakan salah satu perusahaan jasapertambangan di Indonesia. Kajian yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan metodeanalisa kualitatif dengan melakukan analisa gap dan Kajian Panca Nirbhaya terhadapOHS Management System Theories berbasis resilience. Pada penelitian ini metodekualitatif digunakan untuk menilai keefetifan dan kehandalan Sistem ManajemenKeselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja PT HPU Panca Nirbhaya .Dalam OHS Management System dikena suatu konsep Sistem Manajemen K3 yang berprinsip resilience yang dikenal dengan Safety I dan Safety II. Kajian yang dilakukanadalah melihat secara mendalam konten dalam standar di Panca Nirbhaya berada dalamSafety I atau Safety II. Konsep Safety Management Sistem berbasis resiliencememberikan pandangan tentang Safety I dan Safety II, yaitu Safety I sangatberkonsentrasi pada ldquo;hal yang buruk rdquo;, maka ketiadaan hal yang buruk dianggap sebagaisebuah prestasi sedangkan Safety II berfokus memastikan hal yang sudah baik terusmenjadi baik. Selain itu juga mengkaji Panca Nirbhaya secara prinsip resilience apakahstandar mampu merespon setiap kondisi/aktivitas baik yang bersifat rutin dan tidakrutin dengan cara yang efektif, sistem mampu mengambil pelajaran/mampu belajar dariperistiwa yang telah terjadi, mengerti benar apa yang terjadi dan mengapa hal tersebutterjadi, sistem mampu memantau perkembangan jangka pendek dan ancaman yangmungkin terjadi serta mampu mengantisipasi ancaman jangka panjang dan melihatpeluang untuk perbaikan.Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa sebagain besar sub elemen dalam Panca Nirbhayasudah berada di Safety II yaitu sebanyak 37 sub elemen, serta 18 elemen masih beradadi Safety I. Sub elemen yang masih berada di Safety I tersebut masih belummengakomodir kriteria ndash; kriteria yang dalam konsep resilience safety II terutama dalamhal antisipasi yang harus dilakukan organisasi kedepan/jangka panjang sertamengakomodir hal-hal lain yang bersifat inisiatif dan improvement yang bisa dilakukanorganisasi. Semua sub elemen yang masih berada di Safety I tersebut, perlu dirubah danditambahkan agar sub elemen tersebut bisa memperkuat sistem pertahanan yang telahada diperusahaan, sehingga sistem Panca Nirbhaya menjadi suatu sistem yang telahberbasis prinsip resilience.Kata kunci:Sistem Manajemen K3, resilience safety , Safety I dan Safety II

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ABSTRACTName Ardian Yoga BharataStudy Program Master of Occupational Health SafetyTitle Study Of Panca Nirbhaya HSE Management System PTHarmoni Panca Utama against OHS Management System withResilience Principle based theoryCounsellor Drs. Psi Ridwan Zahdi Sjaaf, MPHKey words Occupational Health Safety, resilience safety , Safety I dan Safety II, informationThis thesis conducts in depth study Panca Nirbhaya mining safety management systemsnamely PT HPU which is one of the mining service companies in Indonesia. Studiesconducted using qualitative analysis method with Study and gap analysis PancaNirbhaya against OHS Management System resilience based Theories. In the currentstudy qualitative methods were used to assess the effectiveness and reliability of safetyand health management systems Work PT HPU Panca Nirbhaya .In the OHS Management System management system, a concept of systems known K3with resilience, known as the principle of Safety I and Safety II. The study does is lookdeeply content in standard in Panca Nirbhaya are in Safety I or II Safety. The concept ofSafety Management Systems based resilience gives the view of Safety I and Safety II,namely Safety I was very concentrated on the bad thing , then the absence of a badthing is considered an achievement while Safety II focuses ensure good things continueto be good. It also examines the Panca Nirbhaya resilience in principle whether standardable to respond any condition good activities which are routine and not routine in a waythat is effective, the system is able to take the lessons capable of learning from the eventhas happened, understand correctly what happened and why it happened, the system isable to monitor short term developments and threats that may occur as well as beingable to anticipate a long term threat and see opportunities for improvement.Results of the study show that filmed the sub element in Panca Nirbhaya already are inSafety II as much as 37 sub elements, as well as 18 elements are still in Safety i. Subelements that remain in Safety I still have yet to accommodate the criteria ndash the criteriain the concept of resilience safety II especially in anticipation of the future organizationshould do long term as well as accommodate the other things which are initiatives andimprovement that could be made of the organization. All sub elements that remain inSafety, I need to change it and added so that the sub elements can reinforce existingdefence systems inside, so the system Senses Nirbhaya became a principle based systemthat has resilience."