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"Leukemia limfoblastik akut adalah penyakit keganasan hematologi yang paling sering ditemukan pada anak. Perubahan metabolisme pasien kanker dan pengobatan kemoterapi menyebabkan pasien mengalami anoreksia sehingga dapat mengakibatkan pasien mengalami malnutrisi. Kondisi tersebut dapat menurunkan respons terhadap terapi, rendahnya kualitas hidup, dan tingginya mortalitas. Terapi medik gizi yang adekuat diperlukan untuk mendukung proses penyembuhan anak dengan pasien kanker. Asam amino rantai cabang (AARC) merupakan salah satu zat gizi spesifik yang dapat memperbaiki asupan makan dengan cara berkompetisi dengan triptofan pada transporter di otak pada mekanisme lapar-kenyang sehingga menurunkan efek anoreksigenik. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan efek positif pemberian AARC terhadap asupan makan dan menurunkan kadar triptofan bebas di otak pada pasien kanker. Serial kasus ini memaparkan tiga pasien laki-laki dan satu pasien perempuan, berusia 8-14 tahun dengan malnutrisi, mengalami penurunan asupan makan, dan peningkatan kadar inflamasi. Seluruh pasien mendapatkan terapi medik gizi sejak awal perawatan hingga sebelum pulang dari rumah sakit. Pemberian energi dan protein sesuai fase pada penatalaksanaan gizi buruk dan AARC yang berasal dari bahan makanan sumber serta makanan cair. Asupan energi tertinggi pasien kasus sebesar 54-140 kkal/kgBB dan asupan protein tertinggi sebesar 2-4,7 g/kgBB dengan AARC tertinggi sebesar 8,9-23,4 g. Terdapat penurunan kadar inflamasi pada seluruh pasien kasus. Skala lapar-kenyang terendah sebelum makan 2 dan setelah makan 5, perbaikan tingkat lapar-kenyang pada seluruh pasien kasus diikuti dengan peningkatan jumlah asupan. Satu orang pasien mengalami penurunan berat badan, dua orang tetap, dan satu orang mengalami peningkatan berat badan. Terapi medik gizi yang adekuat dengan pemberian AARC dapat menunjang keberhasilan pengobatan pasien anak malnutrisi dengan lekemia limfoblastik akut yang menjalani kemoterapi.

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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common hematological malignancy in children. Metabolic changes in cancer patients and chemotherapy cause patients to experience anorexia which can increase the risk of malnutrition. These conditions can reduce the response to therapy, lower quality of life, and high mortality. Adequate nutritional management is needed to support the healing process of children with cancer patients. Branched-chain amino acids(BCAA) are specific nutrients that can improve calorie intake by competing with tryptophan on transporters in the brain on the hunger-satiety center, thereby reducing anorexigenic effects. Previous research has shown a positive effect of BCAAs on improving calorie intake and reducing levels of free tryptophan in the brain in cancer patients. This case series describes three male and one female patient, aged 8-14 years, malnutrition, decreased calorie intake, and inflammation. All patients received medical nutrition therapy from early treatment until before leaving the hospital. Provision of energy and protein according to the phase in the management of malnutrition and specific nutrients, BCAAs derived from food and liquid food. The highest energy intake of patients in the case of 54-140 kcal/kg BW, and the highest protein intake of 2-4.7 g/kg BW with the highest AARC of 8.9-23.4 g. All patients experienced a reduction in inflammation. The level of hunger-satiety is 2 before eating, and it is 5 thereafter. In all cases, patients increase their intake after experiencing improvements in their hunger-satiation levels. Two patients' weights remained the same, one gained weight, and one patient lost weight. Adequate nutritional therapy and AARC supplementation can support the successful treatment of malnourished pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia on chemotherapy."

"Latar Belakang: Katabolisme pascalaparotomi menyebabkan imbang nitrogen negatif dan diduga tidak dapat dicegah dengan pemberian nutrisi. Nutrisi parenteral dapat meningkatkan faktor anabolisme. Belum diketahui apakah proporsi asupan energi dan protein dari jalur parenteral terhadap asupan total berkorelasi dengan imbang nitrogen pasien pascalaparotomi elektif.Metode: Studi potong lintang dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) pada pasien pascalaparotomi elektif yang memperoleh supplemental parenteral nutrition (SPN) antara 3 hari pertama pascalaparotomi. Pemeriksaan nitrogen urea urin (NUU) dilakukan terhadap pasien dengan asupan ≥ 12 kkal/kg BB pada hari ketiga pascalaparotomi. Pasien dengan gangguan ginjal dan hati tidak disertakan dalam penelitian.Hasil: Rerata imbang nitrogen hari ketiga pascalaparotomi sebesar -2,8 ± 3,8 g/hari, dengan median asupan energi 19 (12–34) g/kg BB dan protein 0,9 (0,4–1,9) g/kg BB. Proporsi asupan energi dari jalur parenteral sebesar 0,51 ± 0,26 dan protein 0,59 ± 0,28. Tidak ditemukan korelasi signifikan pada proporsi asupan energi dan protein dari jalur parenteral terhadap asupan total dengan imbang nitrogen. Korelasi signifikan ditemukan pada variabel total asupan energi (r = 0,697, p <0,001) dan protein (r = 0,808, p <0,001) dengan imbang nitrogen.Kesimpulan: Pemberian SPN dini penting dalam mencapai total asupan energi dan protein untuk mengimbangi kehilangan nitrogen hari ketiga pascalaparotomi elektif di RSCM meskipun korelasi proporsi asupan nutrisi dengan imbang nitrogen belum tampak pada penelitian ini.

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Background: Post-laparotomy catabolism causes a negative nitrogen balance and is unlikely prevented by nutritional intervention. Parenteral nutrition can increase anabolic factor. It is not known whether the proportion of energy and protein intake from parenteral nutrition to total intake correlates with nitrogen balance in elective post-laparotomy patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in elective post-laparotomy patients who received supplemental parenteral nutrition (SPN) within first 3 days after laparotomy. Urine urea nitrogen (UUN) examination was performed on patients with intake ≥ 12 kcal/kg BW on the third day after laparotomy. Patients with renal and hepatic impairment were excluded. Results: The mean nitrogen balance on the third day post-laparotomy was -2.8 ± 3.8 g/day, with median energy intake of 19 (12–34) g/kg BW and protein 0.9 (0.4– 1.9) g/kg BW. The proportion of energy intake from the parenteral route was 0.51 ± 0.26 and protein was 0.59 ± 0.28. No significant correlation was found in the proportion of energy and protein intake from the parenteral nutrition to total intake with nitrogen balance. Significant correlations were found for total energy intake (r= 0.697, p <0.001) and protein (r= 0.808, p <0.001) with nitrogen balance. Conclusion: Early administration of SPN is important in achieving total energy and protein intake to compensate nitrogen loss on the third day after elective laparotomy although the association between the proportion of nutrition intake and nitrogen balance has not been observed in this study."

"Asupan sodium yang berlebihan pada remaja dapat meningkatkan risiko megalami Penyakit Tidak Menular (PTM). Lingkungan menjadi salah satu faktor yang memicu peningkatan asupan sodium melalui pola makan “mindless eating”. Sebaliknya, makan dengan penuh kesadaran atau mindful eating dianggap mempunyai potensi untuk mengontrol asupan makanan termasuk mencegah asupan sodium yang berlebihan pada remaja. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan mindful eating dengan asupan sodium pada remaja.Subjek berusia 15-18 tahun yang direkrut dari Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA). Subjek diukur status gizi, dan mengisi kuesioner mindful eating questionnaire (MEQ) untuk menilai skor mindful eating. Asupan sodium diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan 24-hour recall.Terdapat 240 responden yang terdiri dari 60.4% perempuan dengan asupan sodium mencapai 1665.60 (76.1 – 3550.9) mg/day. Rata rata skor mindful eating adalah 2. 69 ± 0.19. Hasil menunjukan terdapat korelasi negatif yang signifikan antara mindful eating dan asupan sodium (β = - 0.14; p = 0.04). analisis lebih lanjut dengan disesuaikan dengan faktor perancu (jenis kelamin), mindful eating dan asupan sodium tetap menunjukan korelasi negatif yang signifikan (β = - 0.13; p = 0.04).Mindful eating mempunyai korelasi negatif yang signifikan dengan asupan sodium pada remaja. Semakin tinggi skor mindful eating, semakin rendah asupan sodium

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Objective: The excessive sodium in adolescents is associated with Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Environment as one of factor that can led to increase the sodium intake through eating mindlessly. As the opposite term from mindless eating, the eating behaviour that involves mindfulness is considered to have the potency to control food intake including to prevent excessive sodium intake in adolescents. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the correlation between mindful eating and sodium intake in adolescents.

Method: Participants aged 15-18 years who were recruited from senior high school. Participants were measured nutritional status, and asked to fill the mindful eating questionnaire (MEQ) to assess the mindful eating score. the sodium intake is obtained from repeated 24 hours food recall.

Result: There are 240 participants, consist of female (60.4%), with sodium intake is 1665.60 (76.1 – 3550.9) in mg/day. The mindful eating score is 2.69 ± 0.19. There is negatively significant correlation between mindful eating and sodium intake (β = - 0.14; p = 0.04). After adjusted with gender, mindful eating remains have a negatively significant correlation (β = - 0.13; p = 0.04).

Conclusion: Mindful eating had a negatively correlation with sodium intake in adolescents, a higher mindful eating, lower sodium intake. "

"Latar Belakang: Penurunan massa bebas lemak dan status fungsional akan mempengaruhi prognosis pada pasien kanker kepala leher. Pembentukan massa bebas lemak dipengaruhi berbagai hal termasuk nutrisi. Salah satu zat gizi yang berperan dalam adalah asam amino rantai cabang. Karnofsky Performance Scales (KPS) adalah salah satu parameter status fungsional yang dinilai secara rutin untuk pasien kanker Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat korelasi antara asupan asam amino rantai cabang dengan massa bebas lemak dan status fungsional pada pasien kanker kepala dan leher.Metode: Studi potong lintang ini dilakukan pada subjek dewasa dengan kanker kepala leher secara consecutive sampling method di poliklinik radioterapi RSCM. Wawancara dilakukan untuk mengumpulkan data karakteristik dasar, data asupan zat gizi dan penilaian status fungsional. Pengukuran komposisi tubuh massa bebas lemak dengan alat bioimpedance analysis single Frequency. Pengukuran status fungsional dengan KPS.Hasil: Sebanyak 77 subjek penelitian dengan rerata usia 52 tahun, dengan sebagian besar berjenis kelamin laki-laki, 61 % berpendidikan menengah dan sebagian besar bekerja. Lokasi kanker terbanyak pada nasofaring dengan jenis karsinoma sel skuamosa dan stadium IV. Rerata subjek memiliki status gizi normal. Penilaian 3 x24-h Food Recall didapatkan dengan rerata asupan energi 27,44 kkal/kgBB dan protein 1,33 g/kgBB. Penilaian rerata asupan AARC dengan FFQ semi kuantitatif pada subjek penelitian didapatkan sebesar 10,99 gram. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan rerata nilai massa bebas lemak 42,10 kg dengan sebanyak 46 % subjek penelitian laki- laki memiliki index massa bebas lemak < 17 kg/m2 sedangkan pada subjek penelitian wanita terdapat 16 % dengan index massa bebas lemak <15 kg/m2 Status fungsional dengan menggunakan KPS subjek penelitian dengan median 90 dengan nilai minimum 40. Sekitar 11,6% subjek penelitian yang memiliki nilai KPS kurang dari sama dengan 70. Terdapat korelasi lemah antara asupan asam amino rantai cabang dengan massa bebas lemak (r=0,238, p=0,037).Tidak terdapat korelasi antara asupan AARC dengan status fungsional (r=0.147; p>0.05)Kesimpulan: Terdapat korelasi bermakna yang lemah antara asupan AARC dengan massa bebas lemak dan tidak terdapat korelasi antara asupan AARC dengan status fungsional pada subjek kanker kepala leher

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Background: Decreased fat-free mass and functional status will affect the prognosis in head and neck cancer patients. The formation of fat-free mass is influenced by various things including nutrition. One of the nutrients that play a role in is branched chain amino acids. Karnofsky Performance Scales (KPS) is a functional status parameter that is routinely assessed for cancer patients.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on adult subjects with head and neck cancer by consecutive sampling method at the radiotherapy polyclinic RSCM. Interviews were conducted to collect data on basic characteristics, data on nutrient intake and assessment of functional status. Measurement of body composition fat-free mass using a single Frequency bioimpedance analysis tool. Functional status measurement using the KPS.

Results: A total of 77 study subjects with an average age of 52 years, with most of them being male, 61% having secondary education and most of them working. Most cancer locations in the nasopharynx with the type of squamous cell carcinoma and stage IV. On average, the subjects had normal nutritional status. The 3 x24-h Food Recall assessment was obtained with an average energy intake of 27.44 kcal/kgBW and protein 1.33 g/kgBW. The assessment of the average BCAA intake with semi-quantitative FFQ on research subjects was 10.99 grams. In this study, the average fat-free mass value was 42.10 kg with as many as 46% of male research subjects having a fat-free mass index <17 kg/m2 while in female research subjects there were 16% with a fat-free mass index <15 kg/m2. Functional status using KPS of research subjects with a median of 90 with a minimum value of 40. Approximately 11.6% of study subjects had a KPS value of less than 70. There was a weak correlation between intake of branched-chain amino acids and fat-free mass (r=0.238, p=0.037. There was no correlation between BCAA intake and functional status (r=0.147; p>0.05)

Conclusion: There is a weak significant correlation between BCAA intake and fat-free mass and there is no correlation between BCAA intake and functional status in head and neck cancer subjects

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"Rasio neutrofil limfosit (RNL) adalah salah satu biomarker prognostik yang sudah banyak dipakai untuk memprediksi luaran klinis berbagai penyakit. Nilai RNL yang tinggi berhubungan dengan luaran klinis yang buruk pada pasien stroke iskemik. Asupan energi dan protein yang cukup selama rawatan di rumah sakit (RS) dapat membantu menurunkan kadar RNL yang tinggi saat admisi. Asupan nutrisi yang cukup selama rawatan membantu mempertahankan sistem imun, meningkatkan proliferasi limfosit dan produksi antibodi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan kecukupan energi dan protein selama rawatan di RS terhadap perubahan nilai RNL pada pasien stroke iskemik di RSCM dan RSUI. Penelitian menggunakan desain kohort prospektif pada subjek berusia ≥18 tahun yang dirawat di RSCM dan RSUI. Diperoleh 52 subjek dengan kelompok cukup asupan energi dan protein sebanyak 26 subjek dan kelompok yang tidak cukup sebanyak 26 subjek. Rerata usia subjek 62,34 + 11,8, laki – laki 61,5%, subjek dengan status nutrisi obesitas derajat 1 berdasarkan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) 23,1%, dan faktor risiko hipertensi sebanyak 82,7%. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara kecukupan energi dan protein dengan penurunan nilai RNL selama rawatan. Namun, sebagian besar subjek yang mendapat asupan cukup energi dan protein mengalami penurunan nilai RNL. Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan dengan menggunakan subjek lebih banyak dan menganalisis faktor – faktor lain yang dapat memengaruhi penurunan nilai RNL dan asupan makan pada pasien stroke iskemik yang dirawat.

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Neutrophil-lymphocytes ratio (NLR) is one of the prognostic biomarkers that has been widely used to predict clinical outcomes of various diseases. High NLR values are associated with poor clinical outcomes in ischemic stroke patients. Adequate energy and protein intake during hospitalization can help reduce high NLR levels at admission. Adequate nutritional intake during treatment helps maintain the immune system, increase lymphocyte proliferation and antibody production. This study aims to look at the relationship between energy and protein adequacy during hospitalization and changes in NLR values in ischemic stroke patients at RSCM and RSUI. The study used a prospective cohort design on subjects aged ≥18 years who were hospitalized at RSCM and RSUI. Total 52 subjects and then divided into two groups, an adequate energy and protein groups 26 subjects and an insufficient groups 26 subjects. The mean age of the subjects was 62.34 + 11.8, male 61.5%, subjects with nutritional status of grade 1 obesity based on body mass index (BMI) 23.1%, and risk factors for hypertension were 82.7%. There was no significant relationship between energy and protein adequacy group and the decrease in NLR values during hospitalization. However, most subjects who received energy and protein adequate experienced a decrease in NLR. Further research is needed by using more subjects and analyzing other factors that can affect the decrease in NLR value and food intake in stroke patients during hospitalization."

"Stroke iskemik merupakan penyebab utama disabilitas jangka panjang dengan beban ekonomi serta angka kematian yang tinggi di Indonesia. Malnutrisi pada pasien stroke iskemik berhubungan dengan masa rawat inap lebih lama, luaran fungsional lebih buruk, dan mortalitas yang lebih tinggi. Malnutrisi ditandai oleh adanya penurunan massa otot yang dapat dinilai dengan pemeriksaan indeks massa bebas lemak (fat free mass index, FFMI) menggunakan bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Inflamasi sebagai salah satu penyebab malnutrisi pada pasien stroke iskemik dapat ditandai oleh peningkatan rasio neutrofil terhadap limfosit (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, NLR). Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang untuk melihat korelasi antara FFMI dan NLR pada 47 subjek dengan stroke iskemik akut berusia >18 tahun hingga 65 tahun yang dirawat di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) dan RS Universitas Indonesia (RSUI) selama bulan November–Desember 2023. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata usia subjek adalah 57±7,1 tahun dan sebagian besar subjek adalah laki-laki (61,7%). Hipertensi merupakan faktor risiko tertinggi yang ditemukan pada subjek penelitian (83%). Sebagian besar subjek memiliki status gizi berat badan normal (31,9%) dan obesitas (31,9%), sedangkan subjek dengan malnutrisi sebesar 8,5%. Rerata nilai FFMI pada subjek penelitian adalah 18±2,2 kg/m² dan diperoleh 12,8% subjek dengan kategori FFMI rendah. Rerata nilai NLR adalah 3,7±1,3 dan diperoleh 36,2% subjek dengan kategori NLR tinggi. Nilai FFMI dan NLR pada subjek penelitian memiliki korelasi negatif signifikan dengan nilai korelasi r=-0,38, p<0,01.

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Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability with a high economic burden and mortality rate in Indonesia. Malnutrition in ischemic stroke patients is associated with longer hospitalization, worse functional outcomes, and higher mortality. Malnutrition is characterized by a decrease in muscle mass that can be assessed by examining the fat free mass index (FFMI) using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Inflammation as one of the causes of malnutrition in ischemic stroke patients can be characterized by an increase in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). This study is a cross-sectional study to see the correlation between FFMI and NLR in 47 subjects with acute ischemic stroke aged >18 years to 65 years who were admitted to Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM) and University of Indonesia Hospital (RSUI) during November-December 2023. The results showed that the mean age of the subjects was 57±7.1 years and most of the subjects were male (61.7%). Hypertension was the highest risk factor found in the study subjects (83%). Most subjects had a nutritional status of normal weight (31.9%) and obesity (31.9%), while subjects with malnutrition amounted to 8.5%. The mean FFMI value in the study subjects was 18±2.2 kg/m2 and 12.8% of subjects with low FFMI category were obtained. The mean value of NLR was 3.7 ± 1.3 and 36.2% of subjects with high NLR category were obtained. The FFMI and NLR values in the study subjects had a significant negative correlation with a correlation value of r = 0.38, p <0.01."

"Latar Belakang: Disfungsi saluran cerna berhubungan dengan luaran klinis yang lebih buruk pada pasien sakit kritis. Kadar albumin serum yang rendah merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat meningkatkan risiko disfungsi saluran cerna. Hubungan kadar albumin dengan disfungsi saluran cerna masih inkonklusif karena pendekatan diagnostik disfungsi saluran cerna yang belum terstandarisasi dengan baik. Gastrointestinal dysfunction score (GIDS) instrumen dengan subjektivitas minimal dan reproduktifitas maksimal, diharapkan dapat menegakkan diagnosis disfungsi saluran cerna dengan objektivitas yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar albumin saat admisi dengan terjadinya disfungsi saluran cerna yang dinilai menggunakan GIDS. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kohort prospektif pada subjek berusia ≥18 tahun yang dirawat di ruang rawat intensif Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional (RSUPN) dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo dan Rumah Sakit Universitas Indonesia (RSUI). Karakteristik subjek penelitian berupa usia, jenis kelamin, status gizi, penyakit komorbid, diagnosis admisi intensive care unit (ICU), waktu inisiasi pemberian nutrisi oral atau enteral, kebiasaan mengonsumsi alkohol, dan skor sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA). Dilakukan analisis bivariat untuk menilai hubungan kadar albumin saat admisi dengan disfungsi saluran cerna. Hasil: Diperoleh 64 subjek, kelompok kadar albumin rendah 32 subjek dan kelompok kadar albumin normal 32 subjek. Rerata usia subjek 50,2±15,7, laki-laki 64,1%, 26,6% subjek dengan status gizi berat badan normal berdasarkan indeks massa tubuh (IMT), 50% subjek dengan malnutrisi secara klinis,  21,9% subjek dengan diagnosis komorbid diabetes melitus dan 3,1% subjek dengan parkinson, 34,4 % subjek dengan diagnosis admisi bedah, 95,3% subjek mendapatkan nutrisi oral atau enteral ≤ 48 jam, median skor SOFA 3 (0-12). Rerata kadar albumin  subjek dengan disfungsi saluran cerna 2,7±0,6 g/dL, rerata kadar albumin  subjek tidak disfungsi saluran cerna 3,7±0,7 g/dL. 31,3% subjek mengalami disfungsi saluran cerna. Terdapat hubungan signifikan secara statistik antara kadar albumin saat admisi dengan disfungsi saluran cerna RR 9 (95%CI 2,3-35,6; p <0,001) dan skor GIDS, p<0,001. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara kadar albumin saat admisi dengan disfungsi saluran cerna. Pemeriksaan kadar albumin saat admisi ICU idealnya dilakukan secara rutin dan diikuti dengan koreksi kadar albumin apabila ditemukan kondisi hipoalbuminemia.

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Background: Gastrointestinal dysfunction is associated with worse clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. Low serum albumin levels are one factor that can increase the risk of gastrointestinal dysfunction. The relationship between albumin levels and gastrointestinal dysfunction is still inconclusive because the diagnostic approach to gastrointestinal dysfunction is not yet well standardized. Gastrointestinal dysfunction score (GIDS) is an instrument with minimal subjectivity and maximum reproducibility, which is expected to provide a diagnosis of gastrointestinal dysfunction with better objectivity. This research was conducted to determine the relationship between albumin levels at admission and the occurrence of gastrointestinal dysfunction as assessed using GIDS. Methods: This study is a prospective cohort study of subjects aged ≥18 years who were treated in the intensive care unit at RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo and RSUI. Characteristics of research subjects included age, gender, nutritional status, comorbid diseases, ICU admission diagnosis, time of initiation of oral or enteral nutrition, alcohol consumption habits, and SOFA score. Bivariate analysis was carried out to assess the relationship between albumin levels at admission and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Results: There were 64 subjects, 32 subjects in the low albumin level group and 32 subjects in the normal albumin level group. Mean age of subjects 50.2 ± 15.7, 64.1% male, 26.6% subjects with normal weight nutritional status based on BMI, 50% subjects with clinical malnutrition, 21.9% subjects with comorbid diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and 3.1%  subjects with Parkinson's, 34.4%  subjects with surgical admission diagnosis, 95.3% subjects received oral or enteral nutrition ≤ 48 hours, median SOFA score 3 ( 0-12). The mean albumin level of subjects with gastrointestinal dysfunction was 2.7 ± 0.6 g/dL, the mean albumin level of subjects without gastrointestinal dysfunction was 3.7 ± 0.7 g/dL. 31.3% of subjects experienced gastrointestinal dysfunction. There was a statistically significant relationship between albumin levels at admission and gastrointestinal dysfunction RR 9 (95%CI 2.3-35.6; p <0.001) and GIDS score, p<0.001. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between albumin levels at admission and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Albumin levels examination during ICU admission should ideally be carried out routinely and followed by correction of albumin levels if hypoalbuminemia is found."

"Indonesia merupakan negara dengan jumlah kasus TB tertinggi kedua di dunia dengan insidensi 354 per 100.000 penduduk dan 969.000 kasus pada tahun 2021. Salah satu pemeriksaan pada  TB yaitu dengan pemeriksaan darah seperti hitung jumlah leukosit. Peningkatan jumlah leukosit dan netrofil merupakan tanda reaksi inflamasi terutama bila disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri. Mikronutrien seperti vitamin A dan seng berperan penting dalam pengobatan TB. Studi di Indonesia dan Ethiopia sebelumnya menunjukkan rendahnya asupan vitamin A dan seng serta sebagian besar mengalami defisiensi. Vitamin A dan metabolit aktifnya berperan dalam pertumbuhan dan diferensiasi sel, terutama sel epitel yang berhubungan dengan mukosa, limfosit T dan B, makrofag, dan pembentukan antibodi. Seng juga merupakan elemen penting dalam berbagai fungsi fisiologis dan metabolisme seperti menjaga integritas imunologis, imunitas seluler, dan aktivitas antioksidan. Saat ini, belum terdapat studi yang menghubungkan asupan vitamin A dan seng dengan penanda inflamasi dengan parameter NLR dan PLR pada pasien TB paru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan vitamin A dan seng dengan penanda inflamasi pada pasien TB paru di RSUP Persahabatan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang. Sebanyak 133 subjek direkrut. Mayoritas subjek memiliki usia paling rendah 19 tahun dan paling tinggi 74 tahun. Sebagian besar subjek berjenis kelamin laki-laki, berada dalam jenjang pendidikan sedang (tamat SMA, tidak tamat perguruan tinggi), berpendapatan kurang dari UMP DKI Jakarta. Sebanyak 42,1 % memiliki berat badan normal. Sebagian besar subjek berada dalam fase pengobatan intensif, memiliki status bakteriologis BTA/TCM/kultur positif, tidak ada komorbid, dan tidak pernah merokok. Penelitian ini tidak menemukan adanya korelasi antara asupan vitamin A dan seng dengan nilai NLR dan PLR pada pasien tuberkulosis paru di RSUP Persahabatan.

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Indonesia is the country with the second highest number of TB cases in the world with an incidence of 354 per 100,000 population and 969,000 cases in 2021. One of the tests for TB is blood tests such as counting leukocytes. An increase in the number of leukocytes and neutrophils is a sign of an inflammatory reaction, especially if caused by a bacterial infection. Micronutrients such as vitamin A and zinc play an important role in TB treatment. Previous studies in Indonesia and Ethiopia showed low intakes of vitamin A and zinc and that most were deficient. Vitamin A and its active metabolites play a role in cell growth and differentiation, especially epithelial cells associated with mucosa, T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, and antibody formation. Zinc is also an important element in various physiological and metabolic functions such as maintaining immunological integrity, cellular immunity and antioxidant activity. Currently, there are no studies that link vitamin A and zinc intake with inflammatory markers with NLR and PLR parameters in pulmonary TB patients. This study aims to determine the relationship between vitamin A and zinc intake with inflammatory markers in pulmonary TB patients at Persahabatan Hospital. This research is a cross-sectional study. A total of 133 subjects were recruited. The majority of subjects had a minimum age of 19 years and a maximum of 74 years. Most of the subjects were male, had a moderate level of education (graduated from high school, not graduated from college), and earned less than the DKI Jakarta UMP. As many as 42.1% had normal body weight. Most of the subjects were in the intensive treatment phase, had positive BTA/TCM/culture bacteriological status, had no comorbidities, and had never smoked. This study did not find a correlation between vitamin A and zinc intake and NLR and PLR values ​​in pulmonary tuberculosis patients at Persahabatan Hospital."

"Sakit kritis merupakan suatu kondisi terjadinya gangguan fungsi multiorgan yang menyebabkan homeostasis tubuh tidak dapat dipertahankan tanpa adanya intervensi medis di unit perawatan intensif. Proses hiperkatabolik akibat stres metabolik pada pasien sakit kritis terutama di fase akut sangat tinggi sehingga menyebabkan degradasi protein. Tingkat degradasi ini dapat dilihat salah satunya dengan pemeriksaan kehilangan nitrogen melalui urin 24 jam. Asupan energi dan protein berperan penting dalam memelihara proses metabolisme yang terjadi. Asupan yang tidak adekuat diiringi kehilangan protein yang tinggi akan menghasilkan nilai imbang nitrogen yang negatif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat korelasi asupan protein selama fase akut terhadap perubahan imbang nitrogen yang dinilai pada hari ke-3 dan ke-7 perawatan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang yang dilakukan di Intensive Care Unit Rumah Sakit Universitas Indonesia (ICU RSUI) dengan pengambilan sampel secara consecutive sampling. Kriteria penerimaan adalah berusia 18-60 tahun, mendapatkan asupan protein pertama dalam 48 jam, dan bersedia mengikuti penelitian. Kriteria penolakan adalah produksi urin <0.5 ml/kgBB/jam, gangguan fungsi ginjal dan hati kronis, IMT <18.5 atau ≥30 kg/m², skor APACHE II>30, hamil, dan mendapat norepinefrin >0.3 mcg. Kriteria pengeluaran adalah mendapatkan rerata asupan protein hari ke-3 hingga ke-7 <0.5gr/kgBB/hari, dan meninggal sebelum hari ke-7. Pemeriksaan kadar nitrogen urea urin 24 jam dan perhitungan imbang nitrogen dinilai pada hari ke-3 dan ke-7 perawatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata asupan protein dan energi pada 21 subyek adalah 0.8 gr/kgBB/hari dan 78% dari EE pada hari ke-3, lalu rerata asupan pada hari ke-7 adalah 1.1 gr/kgBB/hari dan 110% dari EE. Rerata kadar NUU dan imbang nitrogen hari ke-3 adalah 8.1 gr dan -5.3 gr. Rerata kadar NUU dan imbang nitrogen hari ke-7 adalah 7.2 gr dan -1.5 gr. Rerata perubahan imbang nitrogen bernilai positif yaitu 3.8 gr. Terdapat korelasi positif antara asupan energi maupun protein terhadap imbang nitrogen hari ke-3 (r=0.5, p=0.01; r=0.6, p=0.003). Walaupun terdapat perbaikan imbang nitrogen yang signifikan pada subyek penelitian namun tidak didapatkan korelasi bermakna antara asupan protein terhadap perubahan imbang nitrogen (p=0.1). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah asupan energi dan protein berkorelasi positif dengan imbang nitrogen pada early acute phase. Asupan protein pada late acute phase tidak berhubungan dengan perubahan imbang nitrogen pada penelitian ini

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Critical illness is a condition where multiorgan dysfunction occurs which causes body homeostasis that cannot be maintained without medical intervention in the intensive care unit. The hypercatabolic process due to metabolic stress in critically ill patients, especially in the acute phase, is very high, causing protein degradation. This level of degradation can be evaluated by examining nitrogen loss through 24-hour urine. Energy and protein intake plays an important role in maintaining the metabolic processes. Inadequate intake accompanied by high protein losses will result in negative nitrogen balance values. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation of protein intake during the acute phase with nitrogen balance changes on days 3 and 7 of treatment. The method of this study was cross-sectional with consecutive sampling, conducted in the Intensive Care Unit of the University of Indonesia Hospital (ICU RSUI). Inclusion criteria were 18-60 years old, getting their first protein intake within 48 hours, and willing to take part in the research. Exclusion criteria were urine output <0.5 ml/kgBW/hour, chronic kidney and liver function disorders, BMI <18.5 or ≥30 kg/m2, APACHE II score>30, pregnancy, and receiving norepinephrine >0.3 mcg. Drop out criteria were patients having an average protein intake on days 3 to 7 <0.5 gr/kgBW/day, or dying before the 7^th day. Examination of 24-hour urine urea nitrogen (UUN) levels and calculation of nitrogen balance were assessed on days 3 and 7 of treatment. The results of the study showed that the mean of protein and energy intake in the 21 subjects was 0.8 gr/kgBW/day and 78% of EE on day 3, then the mean intake on day 7 was 1.1 gr/kgBW/day and 110% of EE. The mean ​​of UUN levels and nitrogen balance on day 3 were 8.1 gr and -5.3 gr. The mean of UUN levels and nitrogen balance on day 7 were 7.2 gr and -1.5 gr. Mean of nitrogen balance changes was positive, namely 3.8 gr. There was a positive correlation between energy and protein intake with nitrogen balance on day 3 (r=0.5, p=0.01; r=0.6, p=0.003). Although there was a significant improvement in nitrogen balance in the research subjects, there was no significant correlation between protein intake with nitrogen balance changes (p=0.1). The conclusion of this study is that energy and protein intake were positively correlated with nitrogen balance in the early acute phase. Protein intake in the late acute phase was not associated with nitrogen balance changes in this study."

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Hepatitis imbas obat termasuk salah satu efek samping serius dari Obat Anti Tuberkulosis (OAT) yang dapat menurunkan kepatuhan pasien tuberkulosis dalam menjalani pengobatan sehingga dapat meningkatkan risiko kegagalan pengobatan atau berkembang menjadi resistensi obat. Salah satu mekanisme hepatitis imbas obat adalah terjadinya stres oksidatif akibat pembentukan metabolit reaktif, terganggunya rantai respirasi mitokondria, dan menurunnya pool enzim antioksidan yang dapat dipicu oleh OAT. Vitamin C merupakan antioksidan potensial yang diketahui memiliki efek protektif pada kerusakan hati akibat obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari hubungan antara asupan vitamin C dengan kejadian hepatitis imbas OAT pada pasien tuberkulosis paru. Studi potong lintang dilakukan di RSUP Persahabatan pada bulan Februari – Maret 2024. Sebanyak 108 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria menjadi subjek penelitian. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara kuesioner sosiodemografi, pengukuran antropometri, penilaian asupan vitamin dengan SQ FFQ, dan data hasil laboratorium fungsi hati subjek dalam 1 bulan terakhir. Proporsi hepatitis imbas obat pada pasien TB paru di penelitian ini sebesar 6.5%. Mayoritas subjek berjenis kelamin laki-laki (54.6%) dan memiliki nilai tengah usia 41 tahun. Sebagian besar berstatus gizi BB kurang (40.7%), dengan tingkat pendidikan tamat sekolah menengah (73.1%), dan pendapatan kurang (72.2%). Sebanyak 40.7% memiliki penyakit penyerta, 4.6% berstatus positif HIV, 43.5% mengonsumsi obat lain bersama dengan OAT, 52.8% tidak merokok, dan 7.4% subjek mengonsumsi alkohol. Lebih dari separuh subjek berada pada fase pengobatan intensif (56.5%) dan memiliki status bakteriologis positif (50.9%). Umumnya subjek tidak mengonsumsi suplemen vitamin C (85.2%). Sebagian besar pasien memiliki asupan vitamin E dan C yang rendah (97.2% dan 63.0%) dengan nilai tengah asupan sebesar 1.20mg/hari dan 66.65mg/hari. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara asupan vitamin C dengan kejadian hepatitis imbas OAT (OR 3.77 IK 95% 0.44-32.55, nilai p 0.256). Tidak terdapat pula faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian hepatitis imbas OAT pada penelitian ini.

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Drug-induced hepatitis is one of the serious side effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs (ATD) that can reduce patient compliance in tuberculosis treatment, thus increasing the risk of treatment failure or developing drug resistance. One of the proposed mechanisms is the occurrence of oxidative stress due to the formation of reactive metabolites, disruption of the mitochondrial respiration chain, and decreased antioxidant enzyme pools that can be triggered by ATD. Vitamin C is a potential antioxidant that is known to have a protective effect on drug-induced liver damage. This study aims to find the relationship between vitamin C intake and the incidence of ATD-induced hepatitis in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Persahabatan General Hospital from February to March 2024. A total of 108 patients who met the criteria became research subjects. Data were collected using sociodemographic questionnaire interviews, anthropometric measurements, assessment of vitamin intake with the SQ FFQ, and data on the subject's liver function laboratory results in the last 1 month. The proportion of drug-induced hepatitis in pulmonary TB patients in this study was 6.5%. The majority of subjects were male (54.6%) and had a median age of 41 years. Most of them had poor nutritional status (40.7%), with completed secondary school education (73.1%), and low income (72.2%). A total of 40.7% had comorbidities, 4.6% were HIV positive, 43.5% took other drugs along with ATD, 52.8% did not smoke, and 7.4% of subjects consumed alcohol. More than half of the subjects were in the intensive phase (56.5%) and had positive bacteriological status (50.9%). Many subjects did not take vitamin C supplements (85.2%). Most patients had low intakes of vitamins E and C (97.2% and 63.0%) with median intake values ​​were 1.20 mg/day and 66.65 mg/day. There was no relationship between vitamin C intake and the incidence of ATD-induced hepatitis (OR 3.77 95% CI 0.44-32.55, p value 0.256). There were also no factors that influenced the incidence of OAT-induced hepatitis in this study.

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