Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai prevalensi asma pada anak sekolah berumur 13-14 tahun di Jakarta Timur Penelitian ini bersifat survei cross sectional pada 2234 pelajar sekolah menengah berumur antara 13-14 tahun di Jakarta Timur pada tahun 2001 menggunakan kuesioner ISAAC. Uji provokasi bronkus menggunakan metakolin pada 186 pelajar. Berdasarkan kuesioner ISAAC didapatkan 7,2% pelajar mempunyai riwayat mengi, 4,1% mengalami mengi dalam 12 bulan terakhir, 1,8% pernah mengalami serangan asma berat dalam 12 bulan terakhir, 3,3% mengalami mengi sesudah latihan, dan 6,3% mengalami batuk pada malam hari, sedangkan mereka tidak sedang menderita flu. Prevalensi penyakit atopi seperti rinitis dan eksim terdapat pada 14,2% dan 3,9% subjek, sedangkan prevalensi rinitis dan eksim dalam 12 bulan terakhir adalah 10,6% dan 2,9%. Secara statistik terdapat hubungan bermakna antara gejala mengi dan atopi (p < 0,05). Dari kuesioner nilai kappa bermakna 0,84 berhubungan dengan mengi dalam 12 bulan terakhir. Uji provokasi bronkus menunjukkan sensitivitas 90% dan spesifisitas 83,5%, nilai prediksi positif 68,12% dan nilai prediksi negatif 95,7%. Prevalensi asma di Jakarta Timur tahun 2001 berdasarkan kuesioner ISAAC adalah 8,9% dan prevalensi kumulatif 11,5%. Kuesioner ISAAC bisa digunakan untuk penelitian prevalensi asma pada anak sekolah di Indonesia. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 178-86)
The aim of this study was to assess asthma prevalence in children between 13-14 years of age in East Jakarta. This study is a cross sectional study which surveyed 2234 high school students between the ages of 13 and 14 years in East Jakarta in 2001 using the ISAAC questionnaire. Bronchial challenge test was applied by using methacholine substance to 186 students. Reports based on the ISAAC questionnaire indicate that 7,2% of teenage have had wheezing experience, 4,1% have wheezing within the last 12 months, 1.8 % have ever suffered severe asthma attack within the last 12 months, 3.3% have suffered wheezing after exercise, and 6.3% have got night cough while they were not suffering from cold. Prevalence of atopy diseases such as rhinitis and eczema were 14.2% and 3.9%, meanwhile rhinitis and eczema prevalence within the last 12 months according to this study were 10.6% and 2.9% respectively. Statistically, there is a significant correlation between wheezing symptom and atopy (p < 0.05). From indepth quesionnaire, a significant value of kappa 0.84 related with wheezing within the last 12 months was found. Bronchial challenge test results indicate that sensitivity was 90%, specificity 83.58%, positive predictive value 68.12% and negative predictive value was 95.73%. Asthma prevalence in East Jakarta at 2001 based on ISAAC questionnaire was 8.9%, and cumulative prevalence 11.5%. The ISAAC questionnaire can be used to study asthma prevalence in children at multicenter in Indonesia. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 178-86) |
