Didalam Hukum Kewarisan Perdata barat terdapat Prinsip “seketika setelahpewaris meninggal maka beralihlah sekalian hak-hak dan kewajiban dibidanghukum kekayaan pada sekalian ahli waris”. Hak-hak dan kewajiban yangdimaksud tidak hanya berupa aktiva tetapi juga pasiva. Permasalahan timbul jikawarisan yang ditinggalkan berupa pasiva atau hutang, apalagi jika hutang tersebutdijaminkan dengan jaminan umum. Dalam Putusan Mahkamah Agung RepublikIndonesia Nomor 3574 K/Pdt./2000 tentang warisan berupa hutang terdapatpermasalahan mengenai tangggung jawab ahli waris yaitu istri dan anak-anak daripewaris atas hutang yang ditinggalkan pewaris. Untuk mendapatkan jawaban daripermasalahan tersebut diatas maka di dalam penulisan ini penulis menggunakanmetode penelitian hukum doktrinal atau disebut penelitian kepustakaan. Penelitiankepustakaan yaitu penelitian terhadap data sekunder yang meliputi bahan hukumprimer, bahan hukum sekunder dan bahan hukum tersier. Berdasarkan teori-teoriyang ada dapat disimpulkan bahwa seketika setelah pewaris meninggal makasegala hak dan kewajiban berpindah kepada ahli waris baik itu berupa pasivamaupun aktiva. Tetapi ahli waris mempunyai hak untuk menentukan sikapterhadap harta peninggalan tersebut yaitu menerima secara mumi, menerimadengan syarat atau menolak warisan. Putusan Mahkamah Agung juga telah lalaidalam menerapkan hukum yang menyatakan bahwa istri dan anak-anak pewarishanya bertanggung jawab sebatas jumlah harta peninggalan pewaris. Putusantersebut telah lalai dikarenakan Putusan Mahkamah Agung tersebut didasarkanpada Pasal 175 ayat 2 Kompilasi Hukum Islam bukan didasarkan pada KitabUndang-undang Hukum Perdata mengingat penyelesaian masalah pada tahap awalpara pihak menyelesaikan menggunakan Pengadilan Negeri bukan pengadilanagama. Kompleksnya permasalahan waris perdata memerlukan suatu pendalamandan pengetahuan baik dalam teori dan praktek bagi aparat penegak hukumsehingga di dalam menangani permasalahan mengenai waris perdata mereka dapatmemberikan keputusan yang adil dan memberikan kepastian hukum
In the Western Civil Law on Succession, there is Principle that“immediately after the predecessor passes away, his rights and obligations to theassets shall assign to the successor^)”. The rights and obligations are not only interms of the assets but also the liabilities. The problem arising if the successioninherited is in terms of liabilities or debt, let alone if the debt left is guaranteedagainst general guarantee. In the Judgment of the Supreme Court of the Republicof Indonesia Number 3574 K/Pdt./2000 regarding succession in terms of debt,there is problem on responsibility of the successors namely wife and children ofthe predecessor to the debt inherited to the successor. To obtain the answer of theproblem above, then in this writing, the writer uses the doctrinal law researchmethod or called literature research, namely the research to the secondary datacovering primary law, secondary law and tertiary law materials. Based on theexisting theories, it can be concluded that immediately after the predecessorpasses away, then all rights and obligations are assigned to the successor, whetherin terms of liabilities or assets. But the successor has right to determine hisattitude to the succession namely accepting purely, accepting conditionally orrejecting the succession. The Judgment of the Supreme Court has also made anomission in applying the law stating that the successors namely wife and childrenare only responsible limited to the quantity of succession. The omission occurssince it is based on Article 175 paragraph 2 of Islamic Law Compilation, notbased on the Indonesian Civil Law since the settlement of problem in the earlyphase, the parties refer to the District Court, instead of the religion court Thecomplex problem on civil succession requires the legal enforcers to study in-depthand have knowledge in both theory and practice thereby able to pass fair judgmentand provide legal certainty in dealing with the problem on civil succession. |
