Pemeriksaan dahak secara mikroskopik dengan pewarnaan Basil Tahan Asam (BTA) merupakan pemeriksaan yang sederhana, cepat, murah, dan cukup sensitif untuk mendukung diagnosis penyakit tuberkulosis serta untuk menilai kemajuan pengobatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan metoda pewarnaan BTA terbaik yang dapat digunakan secara rutin terutama di laboratorium dengan beban pekerjaan yang cukup tinggi. Sensitivitas, spesifisitas, nilai prediksi positif dan negatif tiga macam metode pewarnaan BTA, yaitu Tan Thiam Hok, Ziehl Neelsen, dan Fluorokrom, dibandingkan terhadap hasil biakan dahak pada medium padat Lowenstein Jensen sebagai baku emas. Intepretasi hasil pewarnaan mengacu pada skala IUTLD. Pertumbuhan Mycobacterium tuberculosis didapatkan pada 27 dari 98 spesimen sputum (27,6%) berasal dari 98 penderita tersangka tuberculosis. Sensitivitas metoda pewarnaan Tan Thiam Hok, Ziehl Neelsen, dan Fluorokrom adalah 62,9%, 81,5%, dan 92,6%, sedangkan spesifisitasnya berturut-turut adalah 92,9%, 91,6%, dan 91,1%. Nilai prediksi positif berturut-turut adalah 77,3%, 78,6%, dan 71,4%, sedangkan nilai prediksi negatif adalah 86,8%, 92,9%, dan 96,8%. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa Ziehl Neelsen merupaka metoda terbaik dan dapat dilakukan di laboratorium sederhana.
Comparison of Tan Thiam Hok, Ziehl Neelsen and Fluorochrome as Acid-Fast Bacilli Staining Methods in Sputum. Because of its simplicity, rapidity, low cost and relatively sensitive, sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear microscopy is the primary tool for detecting pulmonary tuberculosis and follow up of therapy. This experiment is aimed to determine the best acid-fast staining method that can be used for routine laboratory examination, especially in the high burdened clinical laboratory. We compared the sensitivity, specivity, and the positive and negative predictive value of 3 kinds of methods : Tan Thiam Hok, Ziehl Neelsen and Fluorochrome, using culture on Lowenstein-Jensen media as the gold standard. The smear results were observed using IUTLD scale. Twenty seven of 98 sputum specimens from 98 patients with clinical suspicion of tuberculosis (27,6 %) were positive by culture. The sensitivity of Tan Thiam Hok, Ziehl Neelsen and Fluorochrome were 62,9%, 81,5% and 92,6%, while the specivity were 92,9%, 91,6% and 91,1% respectively. The positive predictive value were 77,3 %, 78,6 %, 71,4 % , and the negative predictive value were 86,8 %, 92,9 %, 96,8 % respectively. Although fluorochrome gave the highest sensitivity, it needs special expensive equipments. We conclude that Ziehl Neelsen is still the method of choice for detecting AFB in sputum microscopically. |
