Penyakit diare menempati urutan kelima dari 10 penyakit utama pada pasien rawat jalan di RS merupakan topik yang sering diteliti secara akademik di bidang kesehatan masyarakat. Penelitian berupa systematic review terhadap 18 penelitian akademik FKM UI yang dilakukan pada tahun 2000-2005 dengan 3884 (kisaran 65-500) subyek penelitian bertujuan untuk melihat faktor risiko diare pada bayi dan balita di Indonesia. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat. Sebagian besar penelitian menggunakan literatur diare lama berasal dari buku, bahan dari depkes dan penelitian sebelumnya berupa skripsi dan tesis. Semua alat ukur yang digunakan dalam 18 penelitian tidak dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Faktor risiko yang sering diteliti adalah faktor lingkungan yaitu sarana air bersih dan jamban. Faktor risiko diare menurut faktor ibu yang bermakna adalah: pengetahuan, perilaku dan hygiene ibu. Faktor risiko diare menurut faktor anak: status gizi, dan pemberian ASI eksklusif. Faktor lingkungan berdasarkan sarana air bersih (SAB), yang lebih banyak diteliti adalah jenis SAB (rerata OR=3,19), risiko pencemaran SAB (rerata OR=7,89), sarana jamban (rerata OR=17,25). Berdasarkan hasil uji t ada dua variabel yang menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan antara skripsi dan tesis yaitu jumlah variabel independen dan jumlah referensi yang digunakan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini: faktor risiko diare yang paling banyak diteliti adalah faktor lingkungan. Kualitas penulisan akademik yang direview belum memadai.
Diarrhea Risk Factors of Infant and Children Under Five Years in Indonesia: A Systematic Review of Public Health Academic Studies. Diarrhea is one of the national public health problems most researched academically in the school of public health. This systematic review research aimed at exploring risk factors of diarrhea involved 18 academic products in the form of graduate thesis and undergraduate final academic paper of School of Public Health University of Indonesia in the year 2000-2005. The subjects (3884, ranging from 65 to 500) of these academic research products were mothers, infants, and children under age of 5. Data were analyzed univariate & bivariate. Most of the literatures used as reference in these research were old diarrhea reference books, publication from Ministry of Health and previous academic research results (i.e. thesis and final academic paper). None of the research instruments reviewed was tested its validity and its realibility. Risk factors most researched were related to environmental factor, i.e. clean water & toilet. The significant mother?s risk factors were knowledge, behaviour and hygiene. The significant children?s risk factors were nutritional status & brestfeeding. Environmental risk factors associated with access to clean water were source of clean water (average OR=3.19), risk of being contaminated (average OR=7.89), and ownership of the clean water source (average OR=17.25). By t-test, the differences between thesis and undergraduate final academic paper were number of independent variables & literature references used. Overall, the quality of academic research products is not sufficiently qualified. |
