Kebisingan lalulintas jalan merupakan masalah utama masyarakat di daerah perkotaan yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan, diantaranya gangguan kesehatan psikologis. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kebisingan lalulintas jalan terhadap gangguan kesehatan psikologis anak SDN Cipinang Muara Kecatamatan Jatinegara dan pengaruh faktor risiko lainnya seperti jarak, lama pajanan, lama sekolah dan umur. Disain penelitian adalah Kasus-kontrol, dengan populasi adalah anak sekolah dasar kelas IV, V dan VI. Jumlah sampel yang diambil sebanyak 240 anak yang terdiri dari 80 kasus dan 160 kontrol. Cara pengambilan sampel menggunakan rancangan sampling bertingkat. Data Kebisingan diukur di dalam kelas, menggunakan Noise Logging Dosimeter Q-400/500. Analisis bivariabel dengan uji beda proporsi dengan kai kuadrat dan analisis multivariabel dengan uji regresi logistik ganda.Analisis bivariabel diperoleh ada pengaruh kebisingan, jarak dan lama pajanan dengan gangguan kesehatan psikologis, sedangkan lama sekolah dan umur tidak berpengaruh. Hasil analisis multivariabel mengindikasikan, bahwa anak sekolah dasar yang menerima kebisingan lalulintas jalan > 61,8 dBALeq dalam lingkungan sekolah berisiko 10,9 kali mengalami gangguan kesehatan psikologis dibanding dengan anak sekolah dasar yang menerima kebisingan lalulintas jalan ≤ 61,8 dBALeq secara bersama-sama dengan variabel jarak dan variabel lama pajanan. Perlu dilakukan sosialisasi dan penerapan peraturan perundangan tentang kebisingan dan dampaknya secara tegas dan konsisten. Pembinaan dan pengawasan dengan melakukan penyuluhan dan pemantauan kebisingan dan dampaknya secara berkala yang melibatkan lintas program dan sektor terkait. Untuk memastikan adanya inferensi kausal temporality, perlu dilakukan penelitian sejenis dengan disain studi kohort atau eksperimental, meningkatkan jumlah variabel yang secara substansi berpengaruh serta lokasi penelitian yang lebih tepat agar dapat menggambarkan kondisi lapangan yang lebih mantap.
The Effect of Road Traffic Noise on Psychological Health Disorders of School Children at Cipinang Muara Elementary School, Jatinegara Sub District, East Jakarta City, DKI Jakarta Province, 2005. The traffic noise is the main issue of the community who live in urban area because it may cause an adverse human health and psychological effects. The purpose of this study is to describe the effect of road traffic noise to psychological health disorders on school children of Cipinang Muara elementary school at Jatinegara Sub District, and other risk factors such as distance, length of exposure, learning periode in school, and age. This research applied a case-control study with sample population of elementary school students from grade 4 to 6. Total samples were 240 children, including 80 cases and 160 controls. Data were collected through a multistage of random sampling. Data analysis used a computer program of univariate, bivariate and multivariate. Road traffic noise data measure in the classroom using noise logging dosimeter Q-400/500. Bivariate analysis (Chis-Square) and multiple logistic regression analysis are applied in the analysis. Bivariate analysis showed that there were a significantly effect of traffic noise, distance of seat, and length of exposure towards psychological health problems. On the other side, the length of school period and age of respondents did not have any significantly effect to the psychological health problems on the elementary school students. Multivariate analysis indicated that the elementary school students exposed to traffic noise more than 61.8 dBLAeq in the school area having a risk of psychological health problem 10.9 higher than those who were exposed to traffic noise less than 61.8 dBLAeq, a long with the distance variable and the length of noice exposure. It is required to socialize and apply the regulation on noise control and its impact in a consistently manner. Also, it is necessary to conduct health promotion and integrated monitoring both with inter-sector and inter-program. At last, to ensure the presence of inferential causal temporality, it is required to conduct further study with design of cohort or experimental study. This includes the increase of variable number and location of study in order to describe the real condition. |
