Tesis ini memfokuskan diri pada strategi kesantunan tindak tutur direktif dalam novel bahasa Jepang. Novel yang digunakan sebagai sumber data adalah catatan harian penulisnya, berjudul Ichi Rittoru no Namida ‘One Litre of Tears’ karya Kito Aya yang diterbitkan pada Februari 2005 (17 Heisei).Penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan strategi kesantunan direktif di dalam novel. Melalui ancangan kualitatif dengan metode analisis kontekstual, ditemukan lima strategi kesantunan untuk menyatakan direktif, sesuai dengan yang diajukan oleh Brown & Levinson (1987), antara lain: (1) bald on record (langsung), (2) on record dengan kompensasi kesantunan positif, (3) on record dengan kompensasi kesantunan negatif, (4) off record (samar-samar), dan (5) bertutur di dalam hati (diam).Strategi kesantunan direktif secara terus terang direalisasikan melalui pemarkah gramatikal [kudasai], (~te], dan [~te goran]; penggunaan fatis [ne] dan [yo]. Strategi kesantunan direktif dengan kompensasi kesantunan positif direalisasikan melalui promise, include both S & H in the activity, intensify interest to H, gtve reason, assert or presuppose S's knowledge of and concem for H’s wants, dan gtve gift. Strategi kesantunan direktif dengan kompensasi kesantunan negatif direalisasikan melalui penggunaan guestions & hedge, impersonalize S & H, dan be conventionally indirect. Strategi kesantunan direktif secara samar-samar direalisasikan melalui use ellipsis, be vague, dan give hints. Kesantunan direktif dalam hati direalisasikan dengan diam. Dari kelima strategi kesantunan direktif tersebut, ditemukan bahwa strategi yang cenderung lebih banyak digunakan adalah kesantunan direktif positif. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pertimbangan dan perbandingan untuk penelitian selanjutnya dalam bahasa Jepang.
This thesis focuses on politeness strategy of directive speech act in Japanese novel Ichi Rittoru no Namida (One Littre of Tears) written by Kito Aya. This primary data source is the writer’s journal, published on February 2005 (17 Heisei). Applying qualitative approach and contextual analysis method, it is found out that there are five politeness strategies to perfonn directive speech act, as proposed by Brown & Levinson (1987). They are (1) bald on record, (2) positive politeness, (3) negative politeness, (4) off record, and (5) silent strategy. The first strategy is realized by grammatical marker [kudasai], [~te], and [~te goran]; phatic expression [ne] and [yo]. Second strategy is realized by making promise, including both S & H in the activity, intensifying interest to H, giving reason, asserting or presupposing S’s knowledge of and concem for H’s wants, and giving gift. Third strategy is realized by using hedge and questions, impersonalizing S & H, and being conventionally indirect. The fourth strategy is realized by using ellipsis, being vague, and giving hints. Silent strategy in directive politeness is realized by saying nothing. The finding shows that positive politeness tends to be used more frequently. The finding of this research serves as the synchronic linguistic data for further research in the topic. |
