Antibiotika golongan penisilin adalah antibiotika yang paling luas serta paling banyak digunakan untuk terapi pasien infeksi. Dari berbagai studi diperoleh fakta bahwa telah banyak mikroba resisten terhadap penisilin. Pemberian penisilin yang telah resisten berbahaya bagi pasien dengan penyakit infeksi, selain itu lebih lambatnya penemuan obat baru serta lebih mahalnya harga obat baru merupakan hal penting yang berhubungan dengan kejadian resistensi. Resistensi sendiri dapat berubah menurut waktu dan berbeda di setiap tempat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola resistensi bakteri yang diisolasi dari darah di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia (LMK FKUI) terhadap beberapa antibiotik penisilin, yaitu amoksilin, sulbenisilin, amoksilin/asam klavulanat , tikarsilin dan oksasilin selama periode 2001-2006. Pada penelitian ini digunakan data isolat darah dengan bakteri positif yang diisolasi di LMK FKUI selama periode 2001-2006. Data diolah dengan menggunakan piranti lunak WHONET 5.4. Dari 791 isolat darah, didapatkan enam bakteri tersering penyebab bakteremia yaitu Staphylococcus epidermidis (25%), Acinetobacter anitratus (16%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8%), Staphylococcus aureus (6%), dan Salmonella Typhi (5%). Hasil uji resitensi menunjukkan kejadian resistensi bakteri terhadap amoksilin sudah tinggi pada Klebsiella pneumoniae , masih cukup rendah pada Salmonella Typhi, sedangkan keampuhannya terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis, dan Staphylococcus aureus mulai menurun. Kejadian resistensi bakteri terhadap sulbenisilin rendah pada Staphylococcus epidermidis,Staphylococcus aureus dan Salmonella Typhi , dan sudah cukup tinggi pada Klebsiella pneumoniae. Kejadian amoksilin/asam klavulanat sudah tinggi pada Acinetobacter anitratus dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan masih cukup rendah pada Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella Typhi, Staphylococcus epidermidis, dan Staphylococcus aureus. Kejadian resistensi bakteri terhadap tikarsilin sudah tinggi pada Acinetobacter anitratus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Klebsiella pneumoniae dan masih cukup rendah pada, Salmonella Typhi,dan Staphylococcus epidermidis. Kejadian resistensi Staphylococcus aureus terhadap oksasilin masih cukup rendah, sedangkan keampuhan oksasilin terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis mulai menurun.
The group of penicillins antibiotics is the widest and the most used antibiotics for infection patient therapy. From several studies, there is a fact that many microbes have resistence to penicillins. The giving of penicillin that has resisted to a patient who gets an infection may be perilous. Besides that, the slower invention of new medicines and the more expensive their prices are important factors related to the resistance. The resistance itself may change in every second of time and would be different in some places. The research which was conducted in Clinical Microbiology Laboratory FMUI aims to know the pattern of the resistance of bacteria which is isolated from blood toward several kinds of penicillin; they are amoxicillin, sulbenicillin, amoxicillin/ clauvalanic acid, ticarcillin, and oxacillin between 2001-2006. The data was processed using WHONET 5.4 software. From 174 isolat bloods, there are six kinds of bacteria that often cause bacterimia; they are Staphylococcus epidermidis (25%), Acinetobacter anitratus (16%), Pseudomonas aeroginosa (13%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8%), Staphylococcus aureus (6%), and Salmonella typhi (5%). The result of resistance test shows that the frequency of bacteria’s resistance toward amoxillin has been high in Klebsiella pneumoniae and still low in Salmonella Typhi, on the other hand, the effectiveness of amoxicillin toward Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aerus is getting decreased. The frequency of bacteria’s resistance toward sulbenicillin still low in Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aerus and Salmonella Typhi and has been high in Klebsiella pneumoniae. The frequency of bacteria’s resistance toward amoxicillin/ clavulaic acid has been high in Acinetobacter anitratus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and still low in Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella Typhi, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The frequency of bacteria’s resistance toward ticarcillin has been high in Acinetobacter anitratus, Pseudomonas aeuginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae and still low in Salmonella Typhi and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The frequency of Staphylococcus aerus is still low. On the other hand, the effectiveness of oxacillin toward Staphylococcus epidermidis is getting decreased. |
