Penelitian ini mencoba untuk menganalisis pengaruh mutu modal manusia terhadap tingkat pertumbuhan ekonomi provinsi, regional growth disparities, dan perkembangan ukuran provinsi-provinsi di Indonesia periode tahun 1994-2004. Dengan menggunakan metode fixed effect dan data panel provinsi-provinsi di Indonesia periode 1994-2007, penulis menemukan bahwa kontribusi mutu modal manusia relatif masih kecil dibandingkan dengan kontribusi modal dan tenaga kerja terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi provinsi. Lebih jauh, fenomena regional growth disparities terjadi di Indonesia ditandai dengan perbedaan pertumbuhan tingkat output, pertumbuhan tingkat output per tenaga kerja, pertumbuhan output per kapita, dan pertumbuhan mutu modal manusia. Selain itu, ada 5 (lima) faktor penting determinasi mutu modal manusia berdasarkan model Barro dan Lee (1996). Faktor lamanya masyarakat mengeyam pendidikan, tingkat kemakmuran masyarakat, keterbukaan ekonomi daerah, dan besarnya pengeluaran pemerintah daerah di sektor pemerintah berpengaruh positif terhadap tingkat mutu modal manusia, sedangkan faktor pemerataan pendapatan (gini coefficient) berpengaruh negatif terhadap mutu modal manusia, artinya semakin tinggi tingkat kesenjangan pendapatan masyarakat maka akan semakin rendah tingkat mutu modal manusia. Terakhir, mutu modal manusia juga mempengaruhi secara positif tingkat perkembangan ukuran provinsi (city size) di Indonesia.
This research comes to analyze the influence of human capital toward economic growth of Indonesian province, regional growth disparities, and the development of provinces size in Indonesia in 1994-2007. By using the fixed effect method and panel data of Indonesian province in Indonesia in 1994-2007, writer found that human capital contributes to economic growth of Indonesian provinces, but it is relatively small contribution compared to stock of capital and labor force as the other component of economic growth. Moreover, there is a regional growth disparities phenomenon in Indonesia due to the different level of output growth, output per worker growth, output per capita growth, and human capital growth. Besides those findings, there are five important factors to determine the human capital level based on Barro and Lee (1996). The first four factors, those are initial human capital, GDP per capita, the degree of economic openness, and government expenditure on education, influence positively the level of human capital. The last factor, on the other hand, gini coefficient influences negatively the level of human capital, which means that the equality of income distribution will increase the level of human capital. Last but not least, writer found that human capital also influences positively the development of provinces size in Indonesia. |
