Reformasi administrasi melalui pembentukan administrasi perpajakan modern pratama merupakan kelanjutan sekaligus duplikasi dari administrasi perpajakan modern sebelumnya, yaitu sistem administrasi perpajakan modern yang diterapkan di kantor pajak wajib pajak besar dan madya (large and medium taxpayer office). Namun demikian, administrasi pajak modern pratama memiliki perbedaan karakteristik dibanding yang lainnya. Perbedaan tersebut terletak pada prosedur kerja, jenis pajak yang diadministrasikan, wilayah kerja dan basis wajib pajak. Perbedaan-perbedaan tersebut berimbas pada perbedaan struktur organisasi, beban kerja dan pengukuran kinerja. Karena itu, walaupun reformasi administrasi perpajakan dinilai berhasil, namun efektivitas reformasi administrasi perpajakan melalui pembentukan administrasi perpajakan modern pratama belum pernah dievaluasi secara objektif. Tujuan utama setiap reformasi administrasi adalah mewujudkan keadaan yang lebih baik bagi semua pihak yang berkepentingan. Dalam administrasi perpajakan, keadaan yang lebih baik tersebut ditandai dengan peningkatan kepatuhan wajib pajak. Karena itu, pengukuran efektivitas suatu administrasi perpajakan sebaiknya dilakukan secara menyeluruh, bukan secara parsial, misalnya berdasarkan realisasi penerimaan pajak semata. Berdasarkan teori organisasi, pengukuran efektivitas yang paling tepat, menyeluruh dan integratif adalah pendekatan konstituensi strategis. Pendekatan ini mempertimbangkan semua pihak yang berperan penting dalam menentukan efektivitas administrasi perpajakan. Dalam penelitian ini, konstituen yang memiliki kepentingan strategis adalah pemerintah, pegawai dan wajib pajak. Efektivitas administrasi dari perspektif pemerintah diukur berdasarkan kemampuan administrasi perpajakan merealisasikan penerimaan pajak, meningkatkan kepatuhan wajib pajak, dan kinerja atau efisiensi administrasi secara umum. Sedangkan dari perspektif pegawai dan wajib pajak, efektivitas administrasi diukur berdasarkan tingkat kepuasan masing-masing konstituen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari perspektif pemerintah dan pegawai, reformasi administrasi telah berjalan secara efektif. Sedangkan dari perspektif wajib pajak, reformasi administrasi belum berhasil memenuhi kepuasan wajib pajak. Hal ini ditandai oleh tingkat kepuasan wajib pajak terhadap kualitas pelayanan Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Jakarta Gambir Dua yang masih jauh dari ekspektasi dan lebih rendah dibanding tingkat kepuasan wajib pajak di kantor pajak wajib pajak besar. Reformasi yang hanya efektif dari perpektif pemerintah dan pegawai tersebut menandakan bahwa administrasi pajak setelah reformasi masih cenderung menggunakan pendekatan enforcement daripada peningkatan pelayanan. Hal ini juga menunjukkan pembentukan administrasi perpajakan modern pratama baru sekadar pembenahan internal Direktorat Jenderal Pajak. Kepatuhan sukarela yang merupakan tujuan utama reformasi administrasi perpajakan bisa diwujudkan jika administrasi pajak berhasil menekan biaya kepatuhan melalui peningkatan kualitas pelayanan. Karena hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Jakarta Gambir Dua gagal memberikan pelayanan yang memenuhi kepuasan wajib pajak, maka secara keseluruhan dapat disimpulkan bahwa efektivitas reformasi administrasi perpajakan melalui pembentukan administrasi perpajakan modern pratama masih rendah.
Administrative reform through the establishment of pratama modern tax administration is an extension and a duplication of previous modern tax administration, namely modern tax administration system that successfully applied in large and medium taxpayer office. Pratama modern tax administration, however, has different characteristic than the others. The differences lie in its work procedure, its type of the tax that must to be administered, its work regional, and its taxpayer basis. The differences have effect on organization structure, workload, and performance measurement. Therefore, although tax administration reform is claimed as success achievement, the effectiveness of tax administration reform through establishment of pratama modern tax administration is never been evaluated objectively before. The main goal of administrative reform is a better condition for all stakeholders. In tax administration, the better condition lies on the improvement of taxpayer compliance. Therefore, effectiveness measurement on tax administration should be done on comprehensive approach, not partially, base on tax revenue only, for instance. Base on organization theory, strategic constituency is the most appropriate, comprehensive and integrative approach in measurement the effectiveness. The approach is take of all actors that have important role in determining the effectiveness of tax administration into account. In this study, the constituent that have strategic interest are government, staff/officer, and taxpayer. Administration effectiveness from government perspective is measured base on the achievement of the tax administration on collect money to treasury, improvement in tax compliance and performance or efficiency of the administration generally. From staff and taxpayer point of view, administration effectiveness is measured base on their satisfaction level respectively. The study finds that from government and staff perspective, the administrative reform is running effectively. But from taxpayer point of view, the administrative reform has not fulfilled their satisfactions yet. It is shown by the level of taxpayer satisfaction on the service quality of KPP Pratama Jakarta Gambir Dua that is far below their expectations and it is lower than the level of taxpayer satisfaction at large taxpayer office (LTO). The administrative reform that is effective from the government and staff perspective only, shows that post-reform tax administration is tend to applying enforcement approach rather than improving service quality. In addition, it is shows that the establishment of pratama modern tax administration is just internal improvement of Directorate General of Taxation (DJP). Voluntary compliance, that is main goal of tax administration reform, can become into real if tax administration success in minimizing compliance gap through improving service quality. Base on the result of the study that KPP Pratama Jakarta Gambir Dua fails in delivering excellent service to meet the taxpayer satisfaction, then, generally it can be said that the effectiveness of tax administration reform through establishment of pratama modern tax administration is low. |
T 19448-Efektifitas reformasi-Abstrak.pdf :: Unduh